Publication:
Effect of thermal stress on tissue ultrastructure and metabolite profiles during initiation of Radiata pine somatic embryogenesis

Date

2019

Authors

Castander Olarieta, Ander
Montalbán, Itziar A.
Oliveira, Eliana de Medeiros
Dell'Aversana, Emilia
D'Amelia, Luisa
Carillo, Petronia
Steiner, Neusa
Fraga, Hugo Pacheco de Freitas
Guerra, Miguel Pedro

Director

Publisher

Frontiers Media
Acceso abierto / Sarbide irekia
Artículo / Artikulua
Versión publicada / Argitaratu den bertsioa

Project identifier

MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/AGL2016-76143-C4-3R

Abstract

Climate change will inevitably lead to environmental variations, thus plant drought tolerance will be a determinant factor in the success of plantations and natural forestry recovery. Some metabolites, such as soluble carbohydrates and amino acids, have been described as being the key to both embryogenesis efficiency and abiotic stress response, contributing to phenotypic plasticity and the adaptive capacity of plants. For this reason, our main objectives were to evaluate if the temperature during embryonal mass initiation in radiata pine was critical to the success of somatic embryogenesis, to alter the morphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses at cellular level and to modify the carbohydrate, protein, or amino acid contents. The first SE initiation experiments were carried out at moderate and high temperatures for periods of different durations prior to transfer to the control temperature of 23 degrees C. Cultures initiated at moderate temperatures (30 degrees C, 4 weeks and 40 degrees C, 4 days) showed significantly lower initiation and proliferation rates than those at the control temperature or pulse treatment at high temperatures (50 degrees C, 5 min). No significant differences were observed either for the percentage of embryogenic cell lines that produced somatic embryos, or for the number of somatic embryos per gram of embryonal mass. Based on the results from the first experiments, initiation was carried out at 40 degrees C 4 h; 50 degrees C, 30 min; and a pulse treatment of 60 degrees C, 5 min. No significant differences were found for the initiation or number of established lines or for the maturation of somatic embryos. However, large morphological differences were observed in the mature somatic embryos. At the same time, changes observed at cellular level suggested that strong heat shock treatments may trigger the programmed cell death of embryogenic cells, leading to an early loss of embryogenic potential, and the formation of supernumerary suspensor cells. Finally, among all the differences observed in the metabolic profile, it is worth highlighting the accumulation of tyrosine and isoleucine, both amino acids involved in the synthesis of abiotic stress response-related secondary metabolites.

Description

Keywords

Amino acids, Pinus radiata, Proteins, Somatic embryo, Sugars, Temperature, Transmission electron microscopy

Department

Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas / Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika

Faculty/School

Degree

Doctorate program

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© 2019 Castander-Olarieta, Montalbán, De Medeiros Oliveira, Dell’Aversana, D’Amelia, Carillo, Steiner, Fraga, Guerra, Goicoa, Ugarte, Pereira and Moncaleán. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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