The association of geographic coordinates with mortality in people with lower and higher education and with mortality inequalities in Spain

Regidor Poyatos, Enrique; Reques, L.; Giráldez García, Carolina; Miqueleiz Autor, Estrella; Santos, Juana M.; Martínez, David; Fuente, Luis de la

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The association of geographic coordinates with mortality in people with lower and higher education and with mortality inequalities in Spain

dc.contributor.author	Regidor Poyatos, Enrique
dc.contributor.author	Reques, L.
dc.contributor.author	Giráldez García, Carolina
dc.contributor.author	Miqueleiz Autor, Estrella
dc.contributor.author	Santos, Juana M.
dc.contributor.author	Martínez, David
dc.contributor.author	Fuente, Luis de la
dc.contributor.department	Sociología	es_ES
dc.contributor.department	Soziologia	eu
dc.date.accessioned	2018-09-06T12:20:26Z
dc.date.available	2018-09-06T12:20:26Z
dc.date.issued	2015
dc.description.abstract	Objective. Geographic patterns in total mortality and in mortality by cause of death are widely known to exist in many countries. However, the geographic pattern of inequalities in mortality within these countries is unknown. This study shows mathematically and graphically the geographic pattern of mortality inequalities by education in Spain. Methods. Data are from a nation-wide prospective study covering all persons living in Spain's 50 provinces in 2001. Individuals were classified in a cohort of subjects with low education and in another cohort of subjects with high education. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate from all causes and from leading causes of death in each cohort and mortality rate ratios in the low versus high education cohort were estimated by geographic coordinates and province. Results. Latitude but not longitude was related to mortality. In subjects with low education, latitude had a U-shaped relation to mortality. In those with high education, mortality from all causes, and from cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive diseases decreased with increasing latitude, whereas cancer mortality increased. The mortality-rate ratio for all-cause death was 1.27 in the southern latitudes, 1.14 in the intermediate latitudes, and 1.20 in the northern latitudes. The mortality rate ratios for the leading causes of death were also higher in the lower and upper latitudes than in the intermediate latitudes. The geographic pattern of the mortality rate ratios is similar to that of the mortality rate in the low-education cohort: the highest magnitude is observed in the southern provinces, intermediate magnitudes in the provinces of the north and those of the Mediterranean east coast, and the lowest magnitude in the central provinces and those in the south of the Western Pyrenees. Conclusion. Mortality inequalities by education in Spain are higher in the south and north of the country and lower in the large region making up the central plateau. This geographic pattern is similar to that observed in mortality in the low-education cohort.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	This study was funded by UCM-Banco de Santander (GR3/14).	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/zip	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pone.0133765
dc.identifier.issn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.uri	https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/30564
dc.language.iso	eng	en
dc.publisher	Public Library of Science	en
dc.relation.ispartof	Plos One, 10(7):e0133765	en
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133765
dc.rights	© 2015 Regidor et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.	en
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess	en
dc.rights.accessRights	Acceso abierto / Sarbide irekia	es
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject	Mortality inequalities	en
dc.subject	Spain	en
dc.title	The association of geographic coordinates with mortality in people with lower and higher education and with mortality inequalities in Spain	en
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article	en
dc.type	Artículo / Artikulua	es
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion	en
dc.type.version	Versión publicada / Argitaratu den bertsioa	es
dspace.entity.type	Publication
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