Recycling bovine ear tags for phase change material encapsulation via electrospinning

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dc.contributor.authorAlfonso de Miguel, Iker
dc.contributor.authorCalvo-Correas, Tamara
dc.contributor.authorEceiza, Arantxa
dc.contributor.authorClaver Alba, Adrián
dc.contributor.authorTorresi, Stefano
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Lorente, José Antonio
dc.contributor.authorZalakain Iriazabal, Iñaki
dc.contributor.departmentIngenieríaes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniaritzaeu
dc.contributor.funderUniversidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
dc.date.accessioned2025-06-25T15:37:28Z
dc.date.available2025-06-25T15:37:28Z
dc.date.issued2025-10-01
dc.date.updated2025-06-25T15:27:32Z
dc.description.abstractIn this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) from waste bovine ear tags has been processed and recycled as shell material to encapsulate phase change materials (PCMs), enabling the fabrication of thermoregulating core-shell nanofibers via coaxial electrospinning. Notably, this process was achieved in few steps and without the need for heating equipment to melt the injected materials, enhancing its simplicity. Two PCMs were selected based on their melting points; octadecane (OCTA) near room temperature and eicosane (EICO) near body temperature. Composite fibers were prepared at different core solution concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 % w/v), with the highest encapsulation efficiency and thermal properties obtained for samples with 80 % (w/v). TPU/PCM electrospun nanofibers were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with average diameters between 400 and 700 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) suggested no further chemical reactions during the fabrication process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated good thermal stability, with latent heats of 62.9 2 J/g and 81.4 J/g for TPU/OCTA80 and TPU/EICO80 membranes, respectively. Thermal cycling tests were conducted for 150 cycles, showing a 5 % enthalpy reduction in TPU/OCTA80 due to crystalline phase degradation, while TPU/EICO80 exhibited a 2 % increase, likely due to PCM restructuring; however, long-term trends suggest a potential decline. This simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly fabrication process highlights the potential of upcycling TPU waste and offers a scalable approach for developing TPU/PCM membranes with promising applications in textile thermal management systems.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe SEM images were taken by UCTAI service at the Universidad Pública de Navarra. Similarly, the technical support from 'Macrobehavior-Mesostructure-Nanotechnology' and 'Biomedicine Microscopy' SGiker units from the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, T.C-C. and A.E. thank the Basque Government within the framework of Grupos Consolidados ( IT-1690-22 ) for the financial support. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationAlfonso, I., Calvo-Correas, T., Eceiza, A., Claver, A., Torresi, S., García, J. A., Zalakain, I. (2025) Recycling bovine ear tags for phase change material encapsulation via electrospinning. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 45, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01449.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01449
dc.identifier.issn2214-9929
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/54320
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.ispartofSustainable Materials and Technologies 45, 2025, e01449
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01449
dc.rights© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectPhase change materialsen
dc.subjectCoaxial electrospinningen
dc.subjectCore-shell nanofibersen
dc.subjectRecycled polyurethaneen
dc.subjectHeat storageen
dc.titleRecycling bovine ear tags for phase change material encapsulation via electrospinningen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication9780ed48-dd41-4ce9-b267-5713419a8e1a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication5fcfd26a-17b7-4840-9b53-f4891478d11b
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relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery12d15d01-201b-4f22-9042-340a205a8e62

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