Parameters optimization of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 printed using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM)

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dc.contributor.authorRamiro, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorPenalva Oscoz, Mariluz
dc.contributor.authorSuárez, Alfredo
dc.contributor.authorBengoa, Pablo
dc.contributor.authorGoenaga, Borja
dc.contributor.authorGkournelos, Christos
dc.contributor.authorVeiga Suárez, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorGómez, Gaizka
dc.contributor.departmentIngenieríaes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniaritzaeu
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-31T13:10:38Z
dc.date.available2025-07-31T13:10:38Z
dc.date.issued2025-05-29
dc.date.updated2025-07-31T12:58:24Z
dc.description.abstractBig Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) of thermoplastic polymers is increasingly adopted for components, tooling and, especially, moulds across various industries and sectors as aerospace, automotive, energy, marine or construction due to its high productivity and low investment costs. However, geometric accuracy, layer adhesion and anisotropic properties of 3D printed parts are the main detrimental aspects for the successful implementation of this technology in the industry. As 3D printed parts need to withstand similar loads and stresses as those manufactured by traditional methods to be viable in industrial and engineering applications, enhancing mechanical properties ensures that parts do not break or deform under normal use. In this study, the effects of the main process parameters in the geometry distortion, inner defects and interfacial adhesion of 20% carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 printed by pellet extrusion BAAM were determined, and the optimal process window was identified in terms of substrate deposition temperature, layer height and extruder motor rotation. With optimal parameters, the voids formed inbetween deposited beads were removed and the mechanical performance at room temperature in the z-direction compared to the bead direction was highly improved to 42% and 35% for tensile strength and modulus, respectively. It means a significant enhancement compared to the results reported by the state of the art, which show average values below 25%, and a highly notable improvement of the mechanical properties in the z-direction.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors acknowledge support from EIT Manufacturing under MOLDAM project (code 23025). EIT Manufacturing is supported by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union.The authors also acknowledge funding by the vice-counsel of technology, innovation and competitiveness of the Basque Government (Eusko Jaurlaritza) under the ELKARTEK Program, ECOVERSO project, grant number KK-2024/00095.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf
dc.identifier.citationRamiro, P., Penalva, M., Suárez, A., Bengoa, P., Goenaga, B., Gkournelos, C., Veiga, F., Gómez, G. (2025) Parameters optimization of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 printed using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM). The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-15787-2.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s00170-025-15787-2
dc.identifier.issn0268-3768
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/54562
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofThe International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology (2025 ), 1-10
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-025-15787-2
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2025. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subject3D printingen
dc.subjectExtrusion additive manufacturingen
dc.subjectThermoplastic polymeren
dc.subjectShort carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6en
dc.subjectMechanical properties improvementen
dc.subjectBAAMen
dc.titleParameters optimization of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 printed using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM)en
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2b7b0dc3-53e2-4710-b104-17eea797eeff
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery2b7b0dc3-53e2-4710-b104-17eea797eeff

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