Measurement of paracetamol concentration using an erbium-doped fiber ring cavity
Fecha
2023Autor
Versión
Acceso abierto / Sarbide irekia
Tipo
Artículo / Artikulua
Versión
Versión publicada / Argitaratu den bertsioa
Identificador del proyecto
Impacto
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10.3390/photonics10010050
Resumen
Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has been increasingly used in the pharmaceutical industry to monitor essential parameters in real-time during pharmaceutical processes. The concentration of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), such as paracetamol, is one of these parameters, and controlling its variations allows for optimization of the production process. In this study, a refractometric s ...
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Process Analytical Technology (PAT) has been increasingly used in the pharmaceutical industry to monitor essential parameters in real-time during pharmaceutical processes. The concentration of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), such as paracetamol, is one of these parameters, and controlling its variations allows for optimization of the production process. In this study, a refractometric sensor, implemented by an interrogation system based on an Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Cavity (EDFRC), was presented and experimentally demonstrated. The Cavity Ring proposed included a 1 × 3 coupler. One port of the coupler was used to increase the optical power of the system through a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), and the other two ports were used as sensing head and reference. The sensor detected variations of paracetamol concentration with a sensitivity of [(−1.00 ± 0.05) × 10−3] nW/(g/kg) and a resolution of 5.53 g/kg. The results demonstrate the potential of this technology as a possible non-invasive PAT tool. [--]
Materias
Concentration,
Erbium-doped fiber,
Paracetamol,
Process analytical technology,
Ring cavity
Editor
MDPI
Publicado en
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 50
Departamento
Universidad Pública de Navarra. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación /
Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza Saila /
Universidad Pública de Navarra/Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa. Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Versión del editor
Entidades Financiadoras
and European Union “Next generation EU”/PTR. Liliana Soares acknowledges the support of FCT, Portugal, through the Grant 2020.05297.BD.This research was funded by: National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project UIDB/50014/2020; National Funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC), within projects LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020, and UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE); Program “José Castillejo para estancias de movilidad en el extranjero de jóvenes doctores”, funded by the Ministerio de Univesidades of Spain (reference CAS21/00351); project PID2019-107270RB-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER “A way to make Europe”; projects PDC2021-121172-C21 and TED2021-130378B-C22, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033