Investigaciones financiadas por la Unión Europea (OpenAire) - Europar Batasunak finantzatutako ikerketak (OpenAire)

Permanent URI for this collection

http://hdl.handle.net/2454/24408

Browse

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Open Access
Antioxidant properties of leaves from different accessions of grapevine (vitis vinifera L.) cv. tempranillo after applying biotic and/or environmental modulator factors
(Elsevier, 2015-01-17) Torres Molina, Nazareth; Antolín, M. Carmen; Goicoechea, Nieves; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Within climate change scenario, the maintenance of grape quality and wine characteristics will be the main concern for viticulture in the future years. However, changes in the composition of grapevine pruning wastes (i.e., leaves and stems) could be another interesting aspect as important antioxidant source for pharmaceutical industry due its richness in phenolic compounds beneficial for human health. To date, the effect of biotic and environmental factors in the accumulation of these compounds in leaves had received little attention. Therefore, the aims of study were (1) to evaluate the effect of biotic (mycorrhizal inoculation) and environmental (temperature) factors, alone or combined, on phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of grapevine and (2) to determine whether such effects differed among accessions of the same cultivar of grapevine. The study was carried out using container-grown grapevines grown in greenhouses. Dormant Vitis vinifera (L.) cuttings of different accessions of Tempranillo were selected to get fruit-bearing cuttings. At transplanting, half of the plants of each accession were inoculated with the mycorrhizal inoculum and after fruit set, plants were exposed to two temperature regimes (24 °C/14 °C and 28 °C/18 °C (day/night)) to commercially berry ripe. Results showed that total phenolic content, antioxidant compounds like flavonols and anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity of leaves were improved with mycorrhizal inoculation under high temperature conditions. It was concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation of grapevines could contribute to preserve high level of antioxidant compounds of leaves in a future climate change scenario. However, the effects were strongly dependent of accession assayed, which indicated a significant intra-varietal diversity in the response of Tempranillo to biotic and environmental factors.
Open Access
Berry quality and antioxidant properties in vitis vinifera cv. tempranillo as affected by clonal variability, mycorrhizal inoculation and temperatura
(CSIRO Publishing, 2016-08-24) Torres Molina, Nazareth; Goicoechea, Nieves; Morales Iribas, Fermín; Antolín, M. Carmen; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
The projected increase in mean temperatures caused by climate change is expected to have detrimental impacts on berry quality. Microorganisms as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) produce numerous benefits to host plants and can help plants to cope with abiotic stresses such as high temperature. The aims of this research were to characterise the response of three clones of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo to elevated temperatures and to determine whether AMF inoculation can improve berry antioxidant properties under these conditions. The study was carried out on three fruit-bearing cuttings clones of cv. Tempranillo (CL-260, CL-1048 and CL-1089) inoculated with AMF or uninoculated and subjected to two temperature regimes (day¿night: 24°C¿14°C and 28°C¿18°C) during berry ripening. Results showed that clonal diversity of Tempranillo resulted in different abilities to respond to elevated temperature and AMF inoculation. In CL-1048, AMF inoculation improved parameters related to phenolic maturity such as anthocyanin content and increased antioxidant activity under elevated temperature, demonstrating a protective role of AMF inoculation against warming effects on berry quality. The results therefore suggest that selection of new clones and/or the implementation of measures to promote the association of grapevines with AMF could be strategies to improve berry antioxidant properties under future warming conditions.
Open Access
Flavonoid and amino acid profiling on vitis vinifera L. cv tempranillo subjected to deficit irrigation under elevated temperaturas
(Elsevier, 2017-05-03) Torres Molina, Nazareth; Hilbert, Ghislaine; Luquin, Josu; Goicoechea, Nieves; Antolín, M. Carmen; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Throughout the southern Mediterranean regions of Europe, projected climate warming combined with severe droughts during the growing season may alter grape metabolism, thus modifying the nutritional value of berries and the quality of wines. This study investigated the effects of pre- and post-veraison drought under elevated temperatures on berry skin metabolism of two Tempranillo clones (CL). Experimental assays were performed on fruit-bearing cuttings from CL-1089 and CL-843 of Vitis vinifera (L.) cv. Tempranillo subjected to two temperature regimes (24/14 °C or 28/18 °C (day/night)) combined with three irrigation regimes during berry ripening: (i) water deficit from fruit set to veraison (early deficit, ED); (ii) water deficit from veraison to maturity (late deficit, LD); and (iii) full irrigation (FI). At 24/14 °C, the LD treatment performed better than the ED treatment. Differences were attenuated at 28/18 °C and responses were modulated by type of clone. Elevated temperatures induced the accumulation of hexoses and amino acids in berries. ED at 24/14 °C reduced anthocyanins and flavonols, which may decrease the antioxidant properties of fruits. In contrast, the levels of these secondary metabolites did not decrease when LD was applied. Our results suggest that the adaptation of grapevines for climate change might be plausible with the optimization of timing of water deficit and the appropriate selection of clones.
Open Access
Multivariate statistical analysis and odor taste network to reveal odor taste associations
(American Chemical Society, 2020) Guichard, Elisabeth; Barba González-Albo, Carmen; Thomas-Gaudin, Thierry; Tromelin, Anne; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Odor−taste association has been successfully applied to enhance taste perception in foods with low sugar or lowsalt content. Nevertheless, selecting odor descriptors with a given associated taste remains a challenge. In the aim to look forodors able to enhance some specific taste, we tested different multivariate analyses tofind links between taste descriptors andodor descriptors, starting from a set of data previously obtained using gas chromatography/olfactometry-associated taste: 68odorant zones described with 41 odor descriptors and 4 taste-associated descriptors (sweetness, saltiness, bitterness, andsourness). A partial least square analysis allowed for identification of odors associated with a specific taste. For instance, odorsdescribed as either fruity, sweet, strawberry, candy,floral, or orange are associated with sweetness, while odors described aseither toasted, potato, sulfur, or mushroom are associated with saltiness. A network representation allowed for visualization ofthe links between odor and taste descriptors. As an example, a positive association was found between butter odor and bothsaltiness and sweetness. Our approach provided a visualization tool of the links between odor and taste description and could beused to select odor-active molecules with a potential taste enhancement effect based on their odor descriptors.
Open Access
Nature-based strategies to regenerate the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards
(Wiley, 2024) Ochoa‐Hueso, Raúl; Cantos‐Villar, Emma; Puertas, Belén; Aguiar del Río, Juan F.; Belda, Ignacio; Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel; Fernández, Victoria; Gallardo, Antonio; García-Morales, José L.; Garde-Cerdán, Teresa; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Lazcano, Cristina; Liberal, Isabel M.; Serrano-Grijalva, Lilia; Tortosa, Germán; Casimiro‐Soriguer, Ramón; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB
Grapevine is one of the most important perennial fruit crops worldwide. Historically, vineyards were compatible with soil conservation practices and multitrophic biodiversity, but vineyards are now generally eroded and biologically impoverished, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. However, the idiosyncrasy of the wine sector places wine growers in a unique position to lead the adoption of a range of sustainable management strategies and, thus, to pioneer a wider transformation of the agricultural sector. In this article, we provide an overview of nature-based management strategies that may be used for the regeneration of the functioning and biodiversity of vineyards and that may also lead to improved plant nutrition, grape berry quality and the suppression of pathogens and pests. These strategies include the use of microbial and nonmicrobial biostimulants, fertilization with organic amendments as well as foliar fertilization with nature-based products, the use of cover crops and the reintegration of livestock in vineyards, especially sheep. We will also pay special attention to the implementation of circular economy in the vineyard in relation to the previously mentioned management strategies and will also discuss the importance of considering all these aspects from a holistic and integrative perspective, rather than taking them into account as single factors. Assuming the integral role of soils in the functioning of agroecosystems, soils will be considered transversally across all sections. Finally, we will argue that the time is now ripe for innovation from the public and private sectors to contribute to the sustainable management of vineyards while maintaining, or even improving, the profit margin for farmers and winemakers.
Embargo
New functions for Cyt proteins and sporulation determinants in Bacillus thuringiensis
(2023) Lai, Liliana; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Caballero Sánchez, Carlos; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
En este estudio, primero nos centramos a encontrar nuevas proteínas insecticidas y factores sinérgicos con actividad contra larvas de A. albopictus. Nuestro primer objetivo, fue caracterizar la actividad individual de las proteínas del cristal Cyt1Aa, Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba y Cry11Aa contra A. albopictus y encontrar nuevas proteínas que contribuyesen a diversificar los ingredientes activos basados en Bt actualmente disponibles. Uno de nuestros resultados nos permitió encontrar y caracterizar una nueva proteína Cyt1A-like, que aumentaba la actividad de Cry11Aa más de 10 veces y activaba a tres proteínas nuevas Cry53-like, Cry56Alike y Tpp36-like que no eran tóxicas por sí solas. Estos resultados posicionaron a las proteínas Cyt como facilitadores de la actividad de proteínas cristalinas que, de otro modo, no resultaban tóxicas. Como segundo objetivo, nos centramos en comprender el vínculo entre la esporulación y la formación de cristales en Bt. En la literatura, se describe extensamente cómo se acoplan ambos procesos están estrechamente relacionados. Sin embargo, la mayoría de dichos estudios suelen girar en torno a reguladores generales de la esporulación que, además, son críticos para la expresión de proteínas cristalinas. En este caso, nuestro objetivo fue encontrar determinantes de esporulación que fueran críticos para la generación de las esporas, pero prescindibles para la formación de los cristales. A través de una estrategia de mutagénesis aleatoria, descubrimos un gen esencial para la esporulación, spoIIIAA, que no afectaba a la producción del cristal. El transcriptoma del mutante spoIIIAA reveló que varios genes de la esporulación, así como una hidrolasa de la pared celular se encontraban afectados en su expresión. Además, varios factores de virulencia se encontraron sobre expresados, sin embargo, los genes de la proteína cristalina mantuvieron sus niveles de expresión sin cambios. Finalmente, reproducimos la misma mutación, mediante mutagénesis dirigida, en la cepa AM 65-52. Tanto la cepa parental como el mutante asporígeno derivado conservaron la capacidad de producir cristales activos contra las larvas de Aedes aegypti y A. albopictus. En resumen, en este trabajo proporcionamos nuevos conocimientos sobre las proteínas del cristal con actividad frente a mosquitos, especialmente las proteínas Cyt y su capacidad para habilitar la actividad de proteínas que, de otro modo, no serían tóxicas. Análogamente, se presentan resultados que posicionan a SpoIIIAA como un regulador crítico de la esporulación que no afecta a la expresión de las proteínas cristalinas.
Open Access
The phosphorylation landscape of infection-related development by the rice blast fungus
(Elsevier, 2024-04-09) Cruz-Mireles, Neftaly; Osés Ruiz, Miriam; Derbyshire, Paul; Jégousse, Clara; Ryder, Lauren S.; Bautista, Mark Jave A.; Eseola, Alice Bisola; Sklenar, Jan; Tang, Bozeng; Yan, Xia; Ma, Weibin; Findlay, Kim C.; Were, Vincent M.; MacLean, Dan; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Menke, Frank L.H.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB
Many of the world's most devastating crop diseases are caused by fungal pathogens that elaborate specialized infection structures to invade plant tissue. Here, we present a quantitative mass -spectrometry -based phosphoproteomic analysis of infection -related development by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae , which threatens global food security. We mapped 8,005 phosphosites on 2,062 fungal proteins following germination on a hydrophobic surface, revealing major re -wiring of phosphorylation-based signaling cascades during appressorium development. Comparing phosphosite conservation across 41 fungal species reveals phosphorylation signatures specifically associated with biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal infection. We then used parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) to identify phosphoproteins regulated by the fungal Pmk1 MAPK that controls plant infection by M. oryzae . We define 32 substrates of Pmk1 and show that Pmk1dependent phosphorylation of regulator Vts1 is required for rice blast disease. Defining the phosphorylation landscape of infection therefore identifies potential therapeutic interventions for the control of plant diseases.
Open Access
Potential of Cry10Aa and Cyt2Ba, two minority δ-endotoxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis, for the control of Aedes aegypti larvae
(MDPI, 2020) Valtierra de Luis, Daniel; Villanueva San Martín, Maite; Lai, Liliana; Williams, Trevor; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology - IMAB; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación
Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti) has been widely used as microbial larvicide for the control of many species of mosquitoes and blackflies. The larvicidal activity of Bti resides in Cry and Cyt δ-endotoxins present in the parasporal crystal of this pathogen. The insecticidal activity of the crystal is higher than the activities of the individual toxins, which is likely due to synergistic interactions among the crystal component proteins, particularly those involving Cyt1Aa. In the present study, Cry10Aa and Cyt2Ba were cloned fromthe commercial larvicideVectoBac-12AS® and expressed in the acrystalliferous Bt strain BMB171 under the cyt1Aa strong promoter of the pSTAB vector. The LC50 values for Aedes aegypti second instar larvae estimated at 24 hpi for these two recombinant proteins (Cry10Aa and Cyt2Ba) were 299.62 and 279.37 ng/mL, respectively. Remarkable synergistic mosquitocidal activity was observed between Cry10Aa and Cyt2Ba (synergistic potentiation of 68.6-fold) when spore + crystal preparations, comprising a mixture of both recombinant strains in equal relative concentrations, were ingested by A. aegypti larvae. This synergistic activity is among the most powerful described so far with Bt toxins and is comparable to that reported for Cyt1A when interacting with Cry4Aa, Cry4Ba or Cry11Aa. Synergistic mosquitocidal activity was also observed between the recombinant proteins Cyt2Ba and Cry4Aa, but in this case, the synergistic potentiation was 4.6-fold. In conclusion, although Cry10Aa and Cyt2Ba are rarely detectable or appear as minor components in the crystals of Bti strains, they represent toxicity factors with a high potential for the control of mosquito populations.
Open Access
The transcriptional landscape of plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae reveals distinct families of temporally co-regulated and structurally conserved effectors
(Oxford University Press, 2023) Yan, Xia; Tang, Bozeng; Ryder, Lauren S.; MacLean, Dan; Were, Vincent M.; Eseola, Alice Bisola; Cruz-Mireles, Neftaly; Ma, Weibin; Foster, Andrew J.; Osés Ruiz, Miriam; Talbot, Nicholas J.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae causes a devastating disease that threatens global rice (Oryza sativa) production. Despite intense study, the biology of plant tissue invasion during blast disease remains poorly understood. Here we report a high-resolution transcriptional profiling study of the entire plant-associated development of the blast fungus. Our analysis revealed major temporal changes in fungal gene expression during plant infection. Pathogen gene expression could be classified into 10 modules of temporally co-expressed genes, providing evidence for the induction of pronounced shifts in primary and secondary metabolism, cell signaling, and transcriptional regulation. A set of 863 genes encoding secreted proteins are differentially expressed at specific stages of infection, and 546 genes named MEP (Magnaporthe effector protein) genes were predicted to encode effectors. Computational prediction of structurally related MEPs, including the MAX effector family, revealed their temporal co-regulation in the same co-expression modules. We characterized 32 MEP genes and demonstrate that Mep effectors are predominantly targeted to the cytoplasm of rice cells via the biotrophic interfacial complex and use a common unconventional secretory pathway. Taken together, our study reveals major changes in gene expression associated with blast disease and identifies a diverse repertoire of effectors critical for successful infection.
Open Access
Transfering sustainability competences through green pedagogies and service-learning in higher education
(European Center of Sustainable Development, 2025-02-01) Cantalejo Díez, María Jesús; Martínez Aldaya, Maite; Navarlaz Fernández, Isabel; Ciencias; Zientziak; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Sustainability competences are reflected in the ability to look ahead to change and shape the future of the societies in which they live through active participation in the sense of sustainable development. Through service-learning, students take responsibility for their actions. The complex nature of sustainability issues makes it useful to explore problems and their solutions holistically. In the framework of the NEMOS project (A New Educational Model for Acquiring Sustainability Competences through Service-Learning), a collaborative process was initiated to pool the knowledge and experience of five Higher Education Institutions working together to implement new educational models for effectively acquiring sustainability competences through service-learning in food-related degrees. This EU-funded project was launched and aimed to advance the transition to sustainability education through practical and innovative educational approaches and interventions. Green pedagogy can support transformative learning through the exploration and clarification of learners

Browse

Browsing Investigaciones financiadas por la Unión Europea (OpenAire) - Europar Batasunak finantzatutako ikerketak (OpenAire) by Author "Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura"

Results Per Page

Sort Options