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Publication Open Access Exploring the complex interplay of anisotropies in magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria(American Chemical Society, 2025-04-14) Gandía Aguado, David; Marcano, Lourdes; Gandarias, Lucía; Gubieda, Alicia G.; García-Prieto, Ana; Fernández Barquín, Luis; Espeso, José Ignacio; Martín Jefremovas, E.; Orue, Iñaki; Abad Díaz de Cerio, Ana; Fernández-Gubieda, María Luisa; Alonso Masa, Javier; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are at the forefront of interest for biophysics applications, especially in cancer treatment. Magnetosomes biomineralized by these bacteria are high-quality magnetic nanoparticles that form chains inside the MTB through a highly reproducible, naturally driven process. In particular, Magnetovibrio blakemorei and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MTB exhibit distinct magnetosome morphologies: truncated hexa-octahedral and cuboctahedral shapes, respectively. Despite having identical compositions (magnetite, Fe3O4) and dimensions within a similar size range, their effective uniaxial anisotropies significantly differ at room temperature, with M. blakemorei exhibiting ∼25 kJ/m3 and M. gryphiswaldense ∼ 11 kJ/m3. This prominent anisotropy variance provides a unique opportunity to explore the role of magnetic anisotropy contributions in the magnetic responses of these magnetite-based nanoparticles. This study systematically investigates these responses by examining static magnetization as a function of temperature (M vs T, 5 mT) and magnetic field (M vs μ0H, up to 1 T). Above the Verwey transition temperature (∼110 K), the effective anisotropy is dominated by the shape anisotropy contribution, notably increasing the coercivity for M. blakemorei by up to twofold compared to M. gryphiswaldense. However, below this temperature, the effective uniaxial anisotropy rapidly increases in a nonmonotonic way, significantly changing the magnetic behavior. Computational simulations using a dynamic Stoner–Wohlfarth model provide insights into these phenomena, enabling careful interpretation of experimental data. According to our simulations, below the Verwey temperature, a uniaxial magnetocrystalline contribution progressively emerges, peaking around 22–24 kJ/m3 at 5 K. Our study reveals the complex evolution of magnetocrystalline contributions, which dominate the magnetic response of magnetosomes below the Verwey temperature. This demonstrates the profound impact of anisotropic properties on the magnetic behaviors and applications of magnetite-based nanoparticles and highlights the exceptional utility of magnetosomes as ideal model systems for studying the complex interplay of anisotropies in magnetite-based nanoparticles.Publication Open Access Exploring crowdshippers' behavior and preferences: intertwining urban distribution and people mobility(Elsevier, 2025-05-14) García Herrera, Alisson Maurinne; Serrano Hernández, Adrián; Faulín Fajardo, Javier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaCollaborative economy companies in the transport field have been a disruptive force in the urban mobility landscape around the world during the last decade 2010-2020. Crowdshipping has emerged as a collaborative economy option promoting improved utilization of currently underutilized transportation capacity, thereby reducing transportation costs and emissions. This article aims to analyze and synthesize existing research on the impact of the crowdshipper (individuals responsible for collecting and delivering the product) behavior on the system and the factors that drive his or her willingness to participate, to identify best practices and opportunities to enhance business analytics, decision-making, and model efficiency in this emerging area.Publication Open Access Programa de ejercicio físico multicomponente VIVIFRAIL: guía práctica para la prescripción de un programa de entrenamiento físico multicomponente para la prevención de la fragilidad y caídas en mayores de 70 años(2016) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Casas Herrero, Álvaro; Zambom Ferraresi, Fabrício; Martínez Velilla, Nicolás; Alonso-Bouzón, Cristina; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakEn esta guía encontrará una serie de ejercicios que permitirán, dependiendo del nivel de capacidad funcional del anciano (limitación grave, limitación moderada y limitación leve, evaluada según la puntuación en el SPPB y la velocidad de la marcha), trabajar: la fuerza y la potencia, tanto de brazos como de piernas; el equilibrio y la marcha, con el fin de evitar las caídas; la flexibilidad; la resistencia mediante ejercicios de cardiovascular. Todos los ejercicios detallan el procedimiento, la pauta de inicio, frecuencia y progresión para poder realizar un correcto seguimiento de la pauta prescrita al paciente y mejorar su salud.Publication Open Access Transfering sustainability competences through green pedagogies and service-learning in higher education(European Center of Sustainable Development, 2025-02-01) Cantalejo Díez, María Jesús; Martínez Aldaya, Maite; Navarlaz Fernández, Isabel; Ciencias; Zientziak; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta ElikaduraSustainability competences are reflected in the ability to look ahead to change and shape the future of the societies in which they live through active participation in the sense of sustainable development. Through service-learning, students take responsibility for their actions. The complex nature of sustainability issues makes it useful to explore problems and their solutions holistically. In the framework of the NEMOS project (A New Educational Model for Acquiring Sustainability Competences through Service-Learning), a collaborative process was initiated to pool the knowledge and experience of five Higher Education Institutions working together to implement new educational models for effectively acquiring sustainability competences through service-learning in food-related degrees. This EU-funded project was launched and aimed to advance the transition to sustainability education through practical and innovative educational approaches and interventions. Green pedagogy can support transformative learning through the exploration and clarification of learnersPublication Open Access Lithography-free perfect narrowband absorbers using simple layered structures(IEEE, 2024-10-08) Lezaun Capdevila, Carlos; Navajas Hernández, David; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCLight absorbers are key components for multiple applications ranging from heat and energy management to communications and sensing. This work explores different complex permittivity combinations for material-reflector and material-spacer-reflector configurations, achieving perfect absorption under different permittivity regimes and thicknesses. Using silicon carbide, we discuss polarization and angle dependencies, and the potential of exploiting different permittivity regimes within a device for multi-band absorption. This work helps standardize absorber design and offer insights to engineer perfect absorbers for applications such as thermal emission, absorption, communication and sensing.Publication Open Access A reliability-extended simheuristics for the sustainable vehicle routing problem with stochastic travel times and demands(Springer, 2025-04-01) Abdullahi, Hassana; Reyes-Rubiano, Lorena Silvana; Ouelhadj, Djamila; Faulín Fajardo, Javier; Juan, Ángel A.; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaReal-life transport operations are often subject to uncertainties in travel time or customers'demands. Additionally, these uncertainties greatly impact the economic, environmental, and social costs of vehicle routing plans. Thus, analysing the sustainability costs of transportation activities and reliability in the presence of uncertainties is essential for decision makers. Accordingly, this paper addresses the Sustainable Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Travel times and Demands. This paper proposes a novel weighted stochastic recourse model that models travel time and demand uncertainties. To solve this challenging problem, we propose an extended simheuristic that integrates reliability analysis to evaluate the reliability of the generated solutions in the presence of uncertainties. An extensive set of computational experiments is carried out to illustrate the potential of the proposed approach and analyse the influence of stochastic components on the different sustainability dimensions.Publication Embargo Development of sustainable stabilized rammed earth building materials based on by-products(2025) Martín Antunes, Miguel Ángel; Bascoules Perlot, Céline; Seco Meneses, Andrés; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaEn esta tesis doctoral, se desarrolló un material basado en subproductos locales para su uso como material de construcción de Tapial Estabilizado (SRE) en el sector de la construcción. Los materiales considerados como subproductos son producidos localmente dentro de la Eurorregión, específicamente en Navarra. El material desarrollado en la tesis doctoral constituye una aplicación para estos subproductos, que carecen de formas efectivas de valorización, evitando su disposición en vertederos, reduciendo los costos de gestión y ahorrando recursos naturales. Además, ayudaría al sector de la construcción de la Eurorregión a mitigar su huella ambiental. La ejecución del proceso de investigación requerido para el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral se llevó a cabo utilizando una metodología dividida en cuatro fases. En la primera fase, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre SRE. A través del análisis de la información recopilada, se propuso una metodología para la fabricación, curado y caracterización del material de construcción SRE. Esta metodología se aplicó en las siguientes fases de investigación que constituyen esta tesis doctoral. En la segunda fase, se identificaron y caracterizaron los subproductos locales con potencial para su uso en la construcción de SRE, con el fin de desarrollar una mezcla de subproductos naturales que pudiera reemplazar el suelo en la construcción de SRE. Se consideraron cuatro subproductos (tres diferentes subproductos mineros con diferente granulometría y un subproducto industrial, arena) como componentes de esta mezcla. Se llevó a cabo una campaña experimental para establecer las proporciones adecuadas para combinarlos en una mezcla optimizada adecuada para su uso en la construcción de tierra compactada mediante el modelo de diseño experimental Taguchi. Este método estadístico se aplicó para estudiar el efecto de diferentes distribuciones de tamaño de partículas (PSDs) en la construcción de tierra compactada, con el objetivo de maximizar la densidad en seco del material y la resistencia a compresión no confinada (UCS). En la tercera fase se decidió estabilizar la combinación en la que la PSD optimizó la densidad en seco con tres estabilizadores convencionales diferentes: cemento, cal hidratada calcárea y cal hidráulica natural. En la cuarta fase, con el fin de reducir el impacto ambiental de los estabilizadores convencionales, se estabilizó el material con PSD optimizada utilizando dos estabilizadores no convencionales diferentes. Se caracterizaron sus propiedades mecánicas y de durabilidad, siguiendo la metodología de la primera fase, y se compararon con las propiedades de SRE obtenidas con estabilizadores convencionales. Los estabilizadores no convencionales estudiados fueron un estabilizador basado en Mg (GGBS-PC8) y un cemento supersulfatado (SSC). Se realizaron dos campañas experimentales diferentes, donde se fabricaron seis combinaciones que fueron sometidas a pruebas de UCS, UCS sumergido, pruebas de durabilidad por humedecimiento y secado, SEM/EDS, TG/DTG y XRD. Las combinaciones estabilizadas con los estabilizadores no convencionales lograron mejores resultados que aquellas estabilizadas con los convencionales. Estos resultados demostraron el potencial de los estabilizadores no convencionales, los cuales, en el caso del GGBS-PC8, permitieron el desarrollo de un material de construcción 100% basado en materiales reciclados con propiedades técnicas y ambientales mejoradas.Publication Open Access International norms for adult handgrip strength: a systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions(Elsevier, 2024-12-06) Tomkinson, Grant R.; Lang, Justin J.; Rubín, Lukáš; McGrath, Ryan; Gower, Bethany; Boyle, Terry; Klug, Marilyn G.; Mayhew, Alexandra J.; Blake, Henry T.; Ortega, Francisco B.; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Magnussen, Costan G.; Fraser, Brooklyn J.; Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro; Liu, Yang; Christensen, Kaare; Leong, Darryl P.; International handGRIP Strength Group (iGRIPS); Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. Results: We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30–39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. Conclusion: This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.Publication Open Access Didactic voice-over in Secondary Education to develop integrated language skills and raise ecological awareness: a case study with pre-service teachers(Universidad de Córdoba, 2025-01-29) Lertola, Jennifer; Goñi Alsúa, Edurne; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza ZientziakEn los últimos años, ha habido una expansión significativa en la utilización de las TIC en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de idiomas. Por otro lado, para brindar a los estudiantes una educación de calidad, la formación de docentes es de suma importancia ya que esta garantiza que los educadores tengan conocimiento de las últimas estrategias pedagógicas, las herramientas tecnológicas y los enfoques interdisciplinarios necesarios que fomenten un entorno de aprendizaje dinámico y atractivo. Además, por lo que respecta a la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, los esfuerzos de los docentes se centran cada vez más en promover la concienciación sobre la sostenibilidad. Este enfoque holístico no sólo mejora la experiencia educativa, sino que también se alinea con objetivos sociales más amplios, lo que hace que la educación de idiomas sea una herramienta poderosa para un cambio positivo. Este artículo presenta un estudio de caso con 14 profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera de secundaria en España. El propósito es investigar si los profesores en formación ven factible implementar la traducción audiovisual didáctica (TAD), particularmente las voces superpuestas didácticas en el aula de inglés como lengua extranjera, y si esta puede mejorar las habilidades lingüísticas integradas y promover la conciencia ecológica. Inicialmente, a los participantes se les presentó la base teórica sobre la TAD y su aplicación práctica, dentro de la plataforma TRADILEX (Fernández-Costales, Talaván y Tinedo-Rodríguez 2023). Posteriormente, se pidió a los participantes que llevaran a cabo una unidad didáctica de voces superpuestas didácticas sobre el proyecto financiado con fondos europeos Speak4Nature-Interdisciplinary Approaches on Ecological Justice. Tras presentar la unidad didáctica de voces superpuestas de 60 minutos, creada según la metodología TRADILEX (Talaván and Lertola 2022), los participantes debían desarrollar una segunda unidad de la misma duración, utilizando el mismo vídeo como base, adaptada a las necesidades específicas de los futuros alumnos. Para triangular los datos, se recogieron las opiniones de los participantes a través de un cuestionario, una rúbrica de observación completada por los dos profesores-investigadores y las respuestas a una breve entrevista que se realizó a un grupo focal, en el que participaron cinco estudiantes. El análisis arroja resultados alentadores, ya que los futuros profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera percibieron la integración de la TAD en la educación secundaria como potencialmente ventajosa para fomentar el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas integradas y la conciencia ecológica.Publication Open Access Editorial: Evidence-based exercise enhances healthy aging(Elsevier, 2024-12-31) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Fiatarone Singh, Maria; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakAs the global population continues to age, an urgent question arises: how can we improve the quality of life for older adults while reducing the burden of age-related diseases and disabilities? A growing body of evidence suggests that evidence-based exercise, used as both preventive and therapeutic medicine, may hold the key to extending healthy As the global population continues to age, an urgent question arises: howcanweimprovethequalityoflifeforolderadultswhilereducingthe burden of age-related diseases and disabilities? A growing body of evidence suggests that evidence-based exercise, used as both preventive and therapeutic medicine, may hold the key to extending healthy longevity, preventing chronic conditions, and preserving physical and cognitive function. The “Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)” emphasizes the importance of integrating tailored exercise regimens into geriatric care, positioning exercise not only as preventive medicine but also as a therapeutic cornerstone in managing age-related decline. The updated consensus document introduces several advancements that distinguish it from the previous consensus published a few years ago. It emphasizes more personalized, evidence-based exercise prescriptions that align with individual health profiles and conditions, moving beyond genericactivityguidelines.Publication Open Access Long-term frailty and physical performance transitions in older people with type-2 diabetes: the MIDFRAIL randomized clinical study(Elsevier, 2025-02-14) Laosa, Olga; Topinkova, Eva; Bourdel Marchasson, Isabelle; Vellas, Bruno; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Paolisso, Giuseppe; Hardman, Timothy C.; Zeyfang, Andrej; Pedraza, Laura; Carnicero Carreño, José Antonio; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Sinclair, Alan J.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakAims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with frailty in older people. We aim to explore changes in frailty status after 18 months of intervention. Methods: 298 community-dwelling older adults (>70 years) participating in MIDFRAIL followed-up for 18–24 months were randomly allocated by trial site (cluster) to intervention IG (16-weeks resistance exercise program, nutritional-educational sessions, optimization of diabetes care), or usual care group (UCG). Frailty status was assessed by the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria at baseline and final visit. Functional status was assessed by the SPPB in every visit. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01654341). Results: Mean age was 77.7 (SD 5.54), 47% were male, 32.9% frail and 67.1% prefrail. The probability of improving the frailty status and decreasing the number of Fried’s frailty criteria was higher in the IG than in the UCG (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.3–5.4; p = 0.009 and OR 1.9; 95%CI 1.1 3.1; p = 0.02, respectively). IG participants more frequently improved 1 point in SPPB score (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.09–3.12; p = 0.022). These benefits were mainly accounted for the prefrail participants. Conclusions: The MIDFRAIL intervention improved frailty status and physical function at long-term follow-up in older people with T2D.Publication Open Access Short single strand DNA detection by means of Lossy Mode Resonance based fiber-optic sensor(IEEE, 2019-01-14) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ciáurriz Gortari, Paula; Tellechea Malda, Edurne; Santano Rivero, Desiree; Del Villar, Ignacio; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA26Development of DNA and RNA biosensors and the associated diagnostic tests have gained growing interest in recent years. In particular, short RNA chains (around 25 oligonucleotides), known as micro RNAs, can be associated different stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present the utilization of highly sensitive fiber optic sensor based on Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) for the detection of single strand complementary DNA (ssDNA) associated to Huntington disease (Hsa-miR-34b).Publication Open Access On the lossy character of Y-branches and their analogy to Wilkinson power dividers(Optica Publishing Group, 2024-11-04) Oña Valladares, Douglas; Hernández Martínez, Osmery; Ortega Gómez, Ángel; González-Andrade, David; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCY-branches are commonly used devices for power splitting and combining in various technological applications. Despite their widespread use, research on their design and analysis has been mostly focused on their characterization based on reflection and transmission when operating as power dividers, leaving aside an exhaustive consideration of all their possible modes of operation. Also, it has not been fully recognized that these devices have intrinsic losses. If these losses are not properly managed, they can negatively impact the network, but also open the door to new opportunities. In this context, this paper examines Y-bifurcation properties and their connection to Wilkinson's power dividers. Additionally, through numerical analysis, we demonstrate the possibility of integrating these devices into more complex optical networks. We use them as components in generalized power dividers and analog optical computational systems designed to filter out the maximum common phase component and avoid backward reflections for any input signal.Publication Open Access Impact of diffraction on terahertz compressed sensing single-pixel imaging(IEEE, 2024) Ndagijimana, Adolphe; Ederra Urzainqui, Íñigo; Heredia Conde, Miguel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzaTerahertz (THz) single-pixel imaging, through compressive sensing, enables sampling below Nyquist rates and bypasses the need for mechanical scanning and the limitation of availability of high-resolution cost-effective THz imaging array detectors off-the-shelf. This research investigates how diffraction phenomena affect THz single-pixel imaging and properties of sensing matrices, along with the sparse signal reconstruction process. We introduce a variety of strategies designed to mitigate the effects of diffraction, along with novel methods to counteract the disruptions caused by THz physics, thereby preserving the integrity of the original sensing matrix and improving signal recoverability. A comprehensive simulation study sheds light on the effects of diffraction on the sensing matrices and their impact on signal reconstruction. Our results highlight the importance of accurate diffraction minimization techniques and sophisticated modelling in enhancing THz imaging systems.Publication Open Access Multijet event shape variables for Mueller-Navelet jet topologies(American Physical Society, 2024-12-18) Baldenegro, Cristian ; Chachamis, Grigorios; Kampshoff, Mats ; Klasen, Michael; Milhano, José Guilherme; Royon, Christophe; Sabio Vera, Agustín; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta MatematikaThis paper presents a new set of multijet event shape variables introduced to further understand the Mueller-Navelet jet topology. This topology consists of having at least one pair of jets with a very large rapidity separation between them, treating additional jet activity inclusively. This multijet topology is expected to shed light on the radiation pattern that is expected in the high-energy limit of the strong interaction. The paper relies on a Monte Carlo event generator analysis. One set of predictions uses the bfklex event generator, which is based on Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) evolution with a resummation of large logarithms of energy at leading-logarithmic accuracy. The bfklex predictions are compared with a fixed-order next-to-leading order pQCD calculation using powheg matched to the parton shower of pythia8 (NLO+PS), which is the standard for NLO generator predictions at the LHC. We find that both approaches lead to compatible results at current LHC energies, assuming the current experimental constraints for the reconstruction of low transverse momentum jets in ATLAS and CMS. This shows the reliability of the BFKL approach at describing the behavior of the strong interaction in the preasymptotic limit of high center-of-mass energies. Differences between the NLO+PS and the BFKL-based approaches are found when the jet multiplicity is increased or when the minimum transverse momentum of the jets is decreased.Publication Embargo Finite element method for minimizing geometric error in the bending of large sheets(Springer, 2024-10-31) Gil del Val, Alain; Penalva Oscoz, Mariluz; Veiga Suárez, Fernando; El Moussaoui, Bilal; Ingeniería; IngeniaritzaMinimizing geometric error in the bending of large sheets remains a challenging endeavor in the industrial environment. This specific industrial operation is characterized by protracted cycles and limited batch sizes. Coupled with extended cycle times, the process involves a diverse range of dimensions and materials. Given these operational complexities, conducting practical experimentation for data extraction and control of industrial process parameters proves to be unfeasible. To gain insights into the process, finite element models serve as invaluable tools for simulating industrial processes for reducing experimental cost. Consequently, the primary objective of this research endeavor is to develop an intelligent finite element model capable of providing operators with pertinent information regarding the optimal range of key parameters to mitigate geometric error in the bending of large sheets. This prediction model is based on response surface method to predict the bending diameter of the pipe taking into account three main process parameters: the plate thickness, the length, and the roll displacement. These results present promising prospects for the automation of the industrial process because the average geometric error in curvature is recorded at 0.97%, thereby meeting the stringent industrial requirement for achieving such bending with minimal equivalent plastic deformation.Publication Open Access Breakfast energy intake and dietary quality and trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults(Elsevier, 2024-11-05) Pérez-Vega, Karla-Alejandra; Lassale, Camille; Zomeño, María Dolores; Castañer, Olga; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Basterra Gortari, Francisco Javier; Corella, Dolores; Estruch, Ramón; Ros, Emilio; Tinahones, Francisco J.; Blanchart, Gemma; Malcampo, Mireia; Muñoz-Aguayo, Daniel; Schröder, Helmut; Fitó, Montserrat; Hernáez, Álvaro; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakObjectives: Not skipping breakfast is associated with a better overall diet quality and lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the impact of calorie intake and dietary quality of breakfast on cardiovascular health remains unexplored. We aimed to study the associations between breakfast energy intake and quality and time trajectories of cardiometabolic traits in high cardiovascular risk participants. Design: Prospective observational exploratory study with repeated measurements. Setting: Spanish older adults. Participants: 383 participants aged 55-75 with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, a clinical trial involving a weight-loss lifestyle intervention based on the Mediterranean diet. Measurements: Participants were followed for 36 months. Longitudinal averages of breakfast energy intake and quality were calculated. Three categories were defined for energy intake: 20-30% (reference), <20% (low), and >30% (high). Quality was estimated using the Meal Balance Index; categories were above (reference) or below the median score (low). Natural cubic spline mixed effects regressions described trajectories of cardiometabolic indicators (anthropometry, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and kidney function) in breakfast groups. Inter-group differences in predicted values were estimated by linear regressions. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, PREDIMED-Plus intervention group, education, smoking, physical activity, and total daily kilocalorie intake. Lipid profile analyses were further adjusted for baseline hypercholesterolemia, blood pressure analyses for baseline hypertension, and glucose/glycated hemoglobin analyses for baseline diabetes. Breakfast energy intake analyses were adjusted for breakfast quality, and vice versa. Results: At 36 months, compared to the reference, low- or high-energy breakfasts were associated with differences in body mass index (low: 0.61 kg/m² [95% confidence interval: 0.19; 1.02]; high: 1.18 kg/m² [0.71; 1.65]), waist circumference (low: 2.22 cm [0.96; 3.48]; high: 4.57 cm [3.13; 6.01]), triglycerides (low: 13.8 mg/dL [10.8; 16.8]; high: 28.1 cm [24.7; 31.6]), and HDL cholesterol (low: -2.13 mg/dL [-3.41; -0.85]; high: -4.56 mg/dL [-6.04; -3.09]). At 36 months, low-quality breakfast was associated with higher waist circumference (1.50 cm [0.53; 2.46]), and triglycerides (5.81 mg/dL [3.50; 8.12]) and less HDL cholesterol (-1.66 mg/dL [-2.63; -0.69]) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (-1.22 mL/min/1.73m2 [-2.02; -0.41]). Conclusions: Low- or high-energy and low-quality breakfasts were associated with higher adiposity and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol in high-risk older adults. Low-quality breakfasts were also linked to poorer kidney function.Publication Open Access A Fabry-Perot cavity antenna with a SiGe on-chip feeder for submm-wave applications(IEEE, 2024-09-30) Khan, Ihtesham; Herrera-Martín, Juan M.; Urain, Álvaro; Iriarte Galarregui, Juan Carlos; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Ederra Urzainqui, Íñigo; Berenguer, Roc; González Posadas, Vicente; Segovia-Vargas, Daniel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCThis paper analyzes the performance of a Fabry-Perot cavity antenna fed by an on-chip spiral antenna and compares it with an on-chip antenna designed to be integrated in IHP's 130nmSiGe BiCMOS chip in a 2 × 2 array configuration. The results show the increase in directivity obtained by the combination of the Fabry-Perot cavity and a single spiral antenna versus the directivity obtained by forming a complex sequentially rotated 2 × 2 spiral array.Publication Open Access Biofilm morphology and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on poly-D,L-lactide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDLLA-PEG) coated titanium(Elsevier, 2024-10-05) Turner, Adam Benedict; Zermeño-Pérez, David; Mysior, Margaritha M.; Giraldo-Osorno, Paula Milena; García Martínez, Begoña; O'Gorman, Elizabeth; Oubihi, Shafik; Simpson, Jeremy C.; Lasa Uzcudun, Íñigo; Ó'Cróinín, Tadhg; Trobos, Margarita; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBiodegradable polymeric coatings are being explored as a preventive strategy for orthopaedic device-related infection. In this study, titanium surfaces (Ti) were coated with poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA, (P)), polyethylene-glycol poly-D,L-lactide (PEGylated-PDLLA, (PP20)), or multi-layered PEGylated-PDLLA (M), with or without 1 % silver sulfadiazine. The aim was to evaluate their cytocompatibility, resistance to Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, and their potential to enhance the susceptibility of any biofilm formed to antibiotics. Using automated high-content screening confocal microscopy, biofilm formation of a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate expressing GFP was quantified, along with isogenic mutants that were unable to form polysaccharidic or proteinaceous biofilm matrices. The results showed that PEGylated-PDLLA coatings exhibited significant antibiofilm properties, with M showing the highest effect. This inhibitory effect was stronger in S. aureus biofilms with a matrix composed of proteins compared to those with an exopolysaccharide (PIA) biofilm matrix. Our data suggest that the antibiofilm effect may have been due to (i) inhibition of the initial attachment through microbial surface components recognising adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), since PEG reduces protein surface adsorption via surface hydration layer and steric repulsion; and (ii) mechanical disaggregation and dispersal of microcolonies due to the bioresorbable/degradable nature of the polymers, which undergo hydration and hydrolysis over time. The disruption of biofilm morphology by the PDLLA-PEG co-polymers increased S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics like rifampicin and fusidic acid. Adding 1 % AgSD provided additional early bactericidal effects on both biofilm and planktonic S. aureus. Additionally, the coatings were cytocompatible with immune cells, indicating their potential to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce bacterial colonisation of titanium-based orthopaedic biomaterials.Publication Embargo Eccentricity curve estimation from geological data using sinusoidal modeling(Elsevier, 2025-01-16) Zivanovic, Miroslav; Sinnesael, Matthias; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzaThe estimation of eccentricity curves from geological data is important as it can be used as a basis for the construction of geological timescales, or making inferences of past orbital evolutions of the Solar System. Such estimation can be challenging for multiple reasons like age-depth distortions, non-linear responses to insolation and various other sources of perturbation. We present a novel approach to estimating the eccentricity waveform from geological time series by targeted modifications to the Astronomical Component Estimation model (ACEv.1). We show that analyzing individual precession components is highly beneficial in understanding the impact of perturbation on the estimator. It turns out that individual precession components are fairly stationary in noise-free environments. Although the presence of perturbation modifies the morphology of the corresponding waveforms, the root-mean-square of individual waveforms remains approximately unchanged. This finding allows for a simple adjustment of individual precession components, that renders them almost noise-free. Such an approach provides a high-fidelity precession waveform, from which we can estimate the eccentricity. Furthermore, we provide a benchmark study on both synthetic and real geological data, which assess the performance of the proposed method against three state-of-the-art methods from the literature. The modified ACEv.1 model - here named ACEv.2 - outperforms the reference methods in terms of goodness-of-fit to the known eccentricity solutions in the case of a known age-depth model and precession frequencies. Cyclostratigraphic studies often lack comparisons to other methods; therefore, we believe this study could enhance users' understanding of how the reference methods handle perturbations in geological signals.