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Publication Open Access Asymmetries, lights, and shadows of the legal situation of religious minorities in Spain(MDPI, 2025-09-03) Torres Gutiérrez, Alejandro; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITASThe Spanish Constitution of 1978 recognizes the fundamental right of freedom of conscience and religion, the principle of equality and non-discrimination on religious grounds, and the principle of secularism and neutrality of the state. However, the legislative development of these principles is strongly stratified, and different levels of rights can be distinguished, depending on whether we are speaking about confessions with an agreement (Catholic Church, evangelicals, Jews, and Muslims), those with a mere declaration of well-known roots (Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Buddhists, Orthodox, and Bahá’ís), and the rest of the confessions merely registered in the Register of Religious Entities (Hinduism, Taoism, Sikhism, Church of Scientology, etc.). Only the Catholic Church has access to the income tax allocation, and only denominations with an agreement enjoy the main tax benefits, or religious teaching in schools. The declaration of notorious rootedness has very limited effects at present (recognition of marriage and the mere expectation of signing a cooperation agreement with the state, provided there is political will to do so). It is, therefore, necessary to opt for a model of common law, which is more neutral and applies equally to all religious groups.Publication Open Access Enhanced magnetic modulation of light polarization exploiting hybridization with multipolar dark plasmons in magnetoplasmonic nanocavities(Springer Nature, 2020-03-30) López Ortega, Alberto; Zapata-Herrera, Mario; Maccaferri, Nicolò; Pancaldi, Matteo; García Díez, Mikel; Chuvilin, Andrey; Vavassori, Paolo; Ciencias; ZientziakEnhancing magneto-optical effects is crucial for reducing the size of key photonic devices based on the non-reciprocal propagation of light and to enable active nanophotonics. Here, we disclose a currently unexplored approach that exploits hybridization with multipolar dark modes in specially designed magnetoplasmonic nanocavities to achieve a large enhancement of the magneto-optically induced modulation of light polarization. The broken geometrical symmetry of the design enables coupling with free-space light and hybridization of the multipolar dark modes of a plasmonic ring nanoresonator with the dipolar localized plasmon resonance of the ferromagnetic disk placed inside the ring. This hybridization results in a low-radiant multipolar Fano resonance that drives a strongly enhanced magneto-optically induced localized plasmon. The large amplification of the magneto-optical response of the nanocavity is the result of the large magneto-optically induced change in light polarization produced by the strongly enhanced radiant magneto-optical dipole, which is achieved by avoiding the simultaneous enhancement of reemitted light with incident polarization by the multipolar Fano resonance. The partial compensation of the magnetooptically induced polarization change caused by the large re-emission of light with the original polarization is a critical limitation of the magnetoplasmonic designs explored thus far and that is overcome by the approach proposed here.Publication Open Access New thermal emission effects in temporal metamaterials(IEEE, 2025-03-20) Vázquez Lozano, Juan Enrique; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCSo far, most of the developments on thermal radiation, essentially aimed at enhancing the control of its propagation and spectral properties, have mainly been based on the use of photonic nanostructures. Within this context, a new emerging field of research are temporal metamaterials. Given the realized successes of this new paradigm, and the manifest parallelism between the areas of photonics and thermal emission, it seems reasonable to think that temporal metamaterials could also revolutionize the field of thermal radiation, both at fundamental and applied levels. However, such an approach, merging thermal emission and time-varying media, has remained quite elusive, and the underlying physics has scarcely been explored as yet. Hence, in this work, we put forward a quantum theoretical framework that sets a rigorous basis to address thermal emission in time-modulated materials. Upon this ground, we unveil new physics, showing the occurrence of non-local correlations, the potential of temporal metamaterials to radiate outside the black-body spectrum, as well as the existence of quantum vacuum amplification effects at finite temperature. Finally, we show how these features may lead to novel thermal emission effects as well as the conception of innovative thermal emitters dual to spatial gratings.Publication Open Access The role of premorbid IQ and age of onset as useful predictors of clinical, functional outcomes, and recovery of individuals with a first episode of psychosis(MDPI, 2021-06-02) Molina-García, Mariola; Fraguas, David; Rey-Mejías, Ángel del; Mezquida, Gisela; Sánchez Torres, Ana María; Amoretti, Silvia; Lobo, Antonio; González Pinto, Ana; Andreu-Bernabeu, Álvaro; Corripio, Iluminada; Vieta, Eduard; Baeza, Inmaculada; Mané, Anna; Cuesta, Manuel J.; Serna, Elena de la; Payá, Beatriz; Zorrilla, Iñaki; Arango, Celso; Bernardo, Miguel; Rapado-Castro, Marta; Parellada, Mara; PEPs Group; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: premorbid IQ (pIQ) and age of onset are predictors of clinical severity and long-term functioning after a first episode of psychosis. However, the additive influence of these variables on clinical, functional, and recovery rates outcomes is largely unknown. Methods: we characterized 255 individuals who have experienced a first episode of psychosis in four a priori defined subgroups based on pIQ (low pIQ < 85; average pIQ ≥ 85) and age of onset (early onset < 18 years; adult onset ≥ 18 years). We conducted clinical and functional assessments at baseline and at two-year follow-up. We calculated symptom remission and recovery rates using the Positive and Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Schedule (PANSS) and the Global Assessment Functioning (GAF or Children-GAF). We examined clinical and functional changes with pair-wise comparisons and two-way mixed ANOVA. We built hierarchical lineal and logistic regression models to estimate the predictive value of the independent variables over functioning or recovery rates. Results: early-onset patients had more severe positive symptoms and poorer functioning than adult-onset patients. At two-year follow-up, only early-onset with low pIQ and adult-onset with average pIQ subgroups differed consistently, with the former having more negative symptoms (d = 0.59), poorer functioning (d = 0.82), lower remission (61% vs. 81.1%), and clinical recovery (34.1% vs. 62.2%). Conclusions: early-onset individuals with low pIQ may present persistent negative symptoms, lower functioning, and less recovery likelihood at two-year follow-up. Intensive cognitive and functional programs for these individuals merit testing to improve long-term recovery rates in this subgroup.Publication Open Access Influence of clinical and neurocognitive factors in psychosocial functioning after a first episode non-affective psychosis: differences between males and females(Frontiers Media, 2022-10-20) Serra-Navarro, María; Amoretti, Silvia; Verdolini, Norma; Forte, María Florencia; Sánchez Torres, Ana María; Vieta, Eduard; Clougher, Derek; Lobo, Antonio; González Pinto, Ana; Panadero-Gómez, Rocío; Roldán, Alexandra; Carvalho, André F.; Serna, Elena de la; Toll, Alba; Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni; Torrent, Carla; Cuesta, Manuel J.; Bernardo, Miguel; PEPs Group; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: Deficits in psychosocial functioning are present in the early stages of psychosis. Several factors, such as premorbid adjustment, neurocognitive performance, and cognitive reserve (CR), potentially influence functionality. Sex differences are observed in individuals with psychosis in multiple domains. Nonetheless, few studies have explored the predictive. factors of poor functioning according to sex in first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to explore sex differences, examine changes, and identify predictors of functioning according to sex after onset. Materials and methods: The initial sample comprised 588 individuals. However, only adults with non-affective FEP (n = 247, 161 males and 86 females) and healthy controls (n = 224, 142 males and 82 females) were included. A comprehensive assessment including functional, neuropsychological, and clinical scales was performed at baseline and at 2-year follow-up. A linear regression model was used to determine the predictors of functioning at 2-year follow-up. Results: FEP improved their functionality at follow-up (67.4% of both males and females). In males, longer duration of untreated psychosis (β = 0.328, p = 0.003) and worse premorbid adjustment (β = 0.256, p = 0.023) were associated with impaired functioning at 2-year follow-up, while in females processing speed (β = 0.403, p = 0.003), executive function (β = 0.299, p = 0.020) and CR (β = −0.307, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with functioning. Conclusion: Our data indicate that predictors of functioning at 2-year followup in the FEP group differ according to sex. Therefore, treatment and preventative efforts may be adjusted taking sex into account. Males may benefit from functional remediation at early stages. Conversely, in females, early interventions centered on CR enhancement and cognitive rehabilitation may be recommended.Publication Embargo Dispersion effects in thermal emission from temporal metamaterials: high-frequency cutoffs(Optica, 2025-02-03) Vertiz Conde, Amaia; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Vázquez Lozano, Juan Enrique; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe latest breakthroughs in time-varying photonics are fueling novel, to the best of our knowledge, thermal emission phenomena, e.g., showing that the dynamic amplification of quantum vacuum fluctuations, induced by the time modulation of material properties, enables a mechanism to surpass the blackbody spectrum. So far, this issue has only been investigated under the assumption of non-dispersive time modulations. In this work, we identify the existence of a nonphysical diverging behavior in the time-modulated emission spectra at high frequencies and prove that it is actually attributed to the simplistic assumption of a non-dispersive (temporally local) response of the time modulation associated with memory-less systems. Accordingly, we upgrade the theoretical formalism by introducing a dispersive response function, showing that it leads to a high-frequency cutoff, thereby eliminating the divergence and hence allowing for the proper computation of the emission spectra of time-modulated materials.Publication Open Access Single-pixel compressive terahertz 3D imaging(IEEE, 2025-04-24) Ndagijimana, Adolphe; Ederra Urzainqui, Íñigo; Heredia Conde, Miguel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCTerahertz (THz) imaging contends with the lack of cost-effective, off-the-shelf high-resolution array detectors and the slow acquisition speeds associated with pixel-by-pixel raster scanning. Single-pixel imaging with Compressive Sensing (CS) represents a potential solution for resolution and acquisition speed in a cost-efficient manner. Our paper introduces a novel approach for extending 2D single-pixel THz imaging systems to 3D using a single frequency. By leveraging the single-pixel approach, we achieve 3D resolution while avoiding mechanical scanning, and the use of a single frequency eliminates the need for bandwidth, a significant limitation of conventional techniques, where design of THz sources and detectors with large bandwidth remains challenging and typically complex. The Order Recursive Matching Pursuit (ORMP) algorithm is used as the sparse recovery method to exploit the sparsity/compressibility of the 3D THz signal and enable sampling at a rate far lower than that required by the Nyquist Theorem. The 2D sensing matrix is obtained by analyzing the diffracted propagation of THz imaging systems on a 2D surface perpendicular to the optical axis. Moreover, the 3D sensing matrix is based on the diffracted propagation of 2D surfaces at different sampling depth positions. Our system can quickly capture the reflective properties of every point in a 3D space using a single-pixel camera setup that leverages CS, making it a simple and efficient method for creating a fast 3D THz imaging system, particularly suited to high-frequency THz sources that operate efficiently at a single frequency or at small bandwidth.Publication Open Access Thermal emitters based on extreme electromagnetic materials(2025) Navajas Hernández, David; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Pérez Escudero, José Manuel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektriko eta Elektronikoaren eta Komunikazio IngeniaritzarenLa ingeniería de emisores térmicos basada en estructuras o cuerpos más pequeñas que la longitud de onda de la radiación con la que interactúan, permite manipular su emisión térmica. En la primera parte se presenta un diseño experimental, posteriormente comprobado teóricamente, de emisores térmicos de alta impedancia basados en SiC, demostrando su capacidad para mantener la forma espectral de emisión frente a variaciones estructurales. Este diseño aprovecha la dispersión de la permitividad de este material para generar emisores robustos y compactos con emisión direccional en el infrarrojo sin necesidad de procesos complejos como fotolitografía. En la segunda parte se aborda el impacto de la rugosidad superficial sobre el comportamiento óptico del SiC en el régimen de permitividad cercana a 0. A través de un estudio experimental y numérico con muestras de rugosidad inducida artificialmente, se observa que la banda ENZ es más robusta frente a irregularidades superficiales que otras bandas como las de fonones superficiales (SPhP) o dieléctricas. Además, se observa una transición progresiva; desde un acoplamiento más perturbativo hacia resonancias localizadas, a medida que aumenta la rugosidad, junto con la aparición de modos longitudinales impulsados por efectos de campo cercano. En conjunto, estos resultados refuerzan la posición del SiC como un buen candidato para diseñar emisores térmicos robustos, y ayudan a entender mejor el papel que juega la rugosidad superficial en el comportamiento óptico de materiales con propiedades ENZ.Publication Open Access Augmented reality for intramuscular injection training: a cluster randomized controlled trial(Elsevier, 2025-07-01) Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Bujanda Sainz de Murieta, Arantxa; Ballesteros Egüés, Tomás; Larráyoz Jiménez, Ana; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCBackground: The acquisition of clinical skills, such as intramuscular injection, is crucial in nursing education, traditionally taught through theory and practice. Recent studies suggest that augmented reality (AR) enhances students' learning. Aim: To evaluate the effect of an augmented reality application (ARSim2care) for training intramuscular injections technique among undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 72 nursing students participated in the study (32 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group). Sociodemographic variables and dependent variables such as knowledge, skills, satisfaction and self-confidence with learning were measured. Results: The groups showed statistically significant differences in age. Knowledge acquisition in the intervention group was 0.56 points higher, this difference was statistically significant. No significant differences were found in technical skills, satisfaction and self-confidence although both groups showed positive results. Conclusions: The ARSim2care application enhanced nursing students' theoretical knowledge of intramuscular injections, although no significant improvements in technical skills were observed. Augmented reality shows potential as an educational tool; however, further research is required to evaluate its long-term effectiveness.Publication Open Access Exploring the complex interplay of anisotropies in magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria(American Chemical Society, 2025-04-14) Gandía Aguado, David; Marcano, Lourdes; Gandarias, Lucía; Gubieda, Alicia G.; García-Prieto, Ana; Fernández Barquín, Luis; Espeso, José Ignacio; Martín Jefremovas, E.; Orue, Iñaki; Abad Díaz de Cerio, Ana; Fernández-Gubieda, María Luisa; Alonso Masa, Javier; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are at the forefront of interest for biophysics applications, especially in cancer treatment. Magnetosomes biomineralized by these bacteria are high-quality magnetic nanoparticles that form chains inside the MTB through a highly reproducible, naturally driven process. In particular, Magnetovibrio blakemorei and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MTB exhibit distinct magnetosome morphologies: truncated hexa-octahedral and cuboctahedral shapes, respectively. Despite having identical compositions (magnetite, Fe3O4) and dimensions within a similar size range, their effective uniaxial anisotropies significantly differ at room temperature, with M. blakemorei exhibiting ∼25 kJ/m3 and M. gryphiswaldense ∼ 11 kJ/m3. This prominent anisotropy variance provides a unique opportunity to explore the role of magnetic anisotropy contributions in the magnetic responses of these magnetite-based nanoparticles. This study systematically investigates these responses by examining static magnetization as a function of temperature (M vs T, 5 mT) and magnetic field (M vs μ0H, up to 1 T). Above the Verwey transition temperature (∼110 K), the effective anisotropy is dominated by the shape anisotropy contribution, notably increasing the coercivity for M. blakemorei by up to twofold compared to M. gryphiswaldense. However, below this temperature, the effective uniaxial anisotropy rapidly increases in a nonmonotonic way, significantly changing the magnetic behavior. Computational simulations using a dynamic Stoner–Wohlfarth model provide insights into these phenomena, enabling careful interpretation of experimental data. According to our simulations, below the Verwey temperature, a uniaxial magnetocrystalline contribution progressively emerges, peaking around 22–24 kJ/m3 at 5 K. Our study reveals the complex evolution of magnetocrystalline contributions, which dominate the magnetic response of magnetosomes below the Verwey temperature. This demonstrates the profound impact of anisotropic properties on the magnetic behaviors and applications of magnetite-based nanoparticles and highlights the exceptional utility of magnetosomes as ideal model systems for studying the complex interplay of anisotropies in magnetite-based nanoparticles.Publication Open Access Exploring crowdshippers' behavior and preferences: intertwining urban distribution and people mobility(Elsevier, 2025-05-14) García Herrera, Alisson Maurinne; Serrano Hernández, Adrián; Faulín Fajardo, Javier; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaCollaborative economy companies in the transport field have been a disruptive force in the urban mobility landscape around the world during the last decade 2010-2020. Crowdshipping has emerged as a collaborative economy option promoting improved utilization of currently underutilized transportation capacity, thereby reducing transportation costs and emissions. This article aims to analyze and synthesize existing research on the impact of the crowdshipper (individuals responsible for collecting and delivering the product) behavior on the system and the factors that drive his or her willingness to participate, to identify best practices and opportunities to enhance business analytics, decision-making, and model efficiency in this emerging area.Publication Open Access Programa de ejercicio físico multicomponente VIVIFRAIL: guía práctica para la prescripción de un programa de entrenamiento físico multicomponente para la prevención de la fragilidad y caídas en mayores de 70 años(2016) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Casas Herrero, Álvaro; Zambom Ferraresi, Fabrício; Martínez Velilla, Nicolás; Alonso-Bouzón, Cristina; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakEn esta guía encontrará una serie de ejercicios que permitirán, dependiendo del nivel de capacidad funcional del anciano (limitación grave, limitación moderada y limitación leve, evaluada según la puntuación en el SPPB y la velocidad de la marcha), trabajar: la fuerza y la potencia, tanto de brazos como de piernas; el equilibrio y la marcha, con el fin de evitar las caídas; la flexibilidad; la resistencia mediante ejercicios de cardiovascular. Todos los ejercicios detallan el procedimiento, la pauta de inicio, frecuencia y progresión para poder realizar un correcto seguimiento de la pauta prescrita al paciente y mejorar su salud.Publication Open Access Transfering sustainability competences through green pedagogies and service-learning in higher education(European Center of Sustainable Development, 2025-02-01) Cantalejo Díez, María Jesús; Martínez Aldaya, Maite; Navarlaz Fernández, Isabel; Ciencias; Zientziak; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta ElikaduraSustainability competences are reflected in the ability to look ahead to change and shape the future of the societies in which they live through active participation in the sense of sustainable development. Through service-learning, students take responsibility for their actions. The complex nature of sustainability issues makes it useful to explore problems and their solutions holistically. In the framework of the NEMOS project (A New Educational Model for Acquiring Sustainability Competences through Service-Learning), a collaborative process was initiated to pool the knowledge and experience of five Higher Education Institutions working together to implement new educational models for effectively acquiring sustainability competences through service-learning in food-related degrees. This EU-funded project was launched and aimed to advance the transition to sustainability education through practical and innovative educational approaches and interventions. Green pedagogy can support transformative learning through the exploration and clarification of learnersPublication Open Access Lithography-free perfect narrowband absorbers using simple layered structures(IEEE, 2024-10-08) Lezaun Capdevila, Carlos; Navajas Hernández, David; Liberal Olleta, Íñigo; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCLight absorbers are key components for multiple applications ranging from heat and energy management to communications and sensing. This work explores different complex permittivity combinations for material-reflector and material-spacer-reflector configurations, achieving perfect absorption under different permittivity regimes and thicknesses. Using silicon carbide, we discuss polarization and angle dependencies, and the potential of exploiting different permittivity regimes within a device for multi-band absorption. This work helps standardize absorber design and offer insights to engineer perfect absorbers for applications such as thermal emission, absorption, communication and sensing.Publication Open Access A reliability-extended simheuristics for the sustainable vehicle routing problem with stochastic travel times and demands(Springer, 2025-04-01) Abdullahi, Hassana; Reyes-Rubiano, Lorena Silvana; Ouelhadj, Djamila; Faulín Fajardo, Javier; Juan, Ángel A.; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaReal-life transport operations are often subject to uncertainties in travel time or customers'demands. Additionally, these uncertainties greatly impact the economic, environmental, and social costs of vehicle routing plans. Thus, analysing the sustainability costs of transportation activities and reliability in the presence of uncertainties is essential for decision makers. Accordingly, this paper addresses the Sustainable Vehicle Routing Problem with Stochastic Travel times and Demands. This paper proposes a novel weighted stochastic recourse model that models travel time and demand uncertainties. To solve this challenging problem, we propose an extended simheuristic that integrates reliability analysis to evaluate the reliability of the generated solutions in the presence of uncertainties. An extensive set of computational experiments is carried out to illustrate the potential of the proposed approach and analyse the influence of stochastic components on the different sustainability dimensions.Publication Embargo Development of sustainable stabilized rammed earth building materials based on by-products(2025) Martín Antunes, Miguel Ángel; Bascoules Perlot, Céline; Seco Meneses, Andrés; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaEn esta tesis doctoral, se desarrolló un material basado en subproductos locales para su uso como material de construcción de Tapial Estabilizado (SRE) en el sector de la construcción. Los materiales considerados como subproductos son producidos localmente dentro de la Eurorregión, específicamente en Navarra. El material desarrollado en la tesis doctoral constituye una aplicación para estos subproductos, que carecen de formas efectivas de valorización, evitando su disposición en vertederos, reduciendo los costos de gestión y ahorrando recursos naturales. Además, ayudaría al sector de la construcción de la Eurorregión a mitigar su huella ambiental. La ejecución del proceso de investigación requerido para el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral se llevó a cabo utilizando una metodología dividida en cuatro fases. En la primera fase, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva sobre SRE. A través del análisis de la información recopilada, se propuso una metodología para la fabricación, curado y caracterización del material de construcción SRE. Esta metodología se aplicó en las siguientes fases de investigación que constituyen esta tesis doctoral. En la segunda fase, se identificaron y caracterizaron los subproductos locales con potencial para su uso en la construcción de SRE, con el fin de desarrollar una mezcla de subproductos naturales que pudiera reemplazar el suelo en la construcción de SRE. Se consideraron cuatro subproductos (tres diferentes subproductos mineros con diferente granulometría y un subproducto industrial, arena) como componentes de esta mezcla. Se llevó a cabo una campaña experimental para establecer las proporciones adecuadas para combinarlos en una mezcla optimizada adecuada para su uso en la construcción de tierra compactada mediante el modelo de diseño experimental Taguchi. Este método estadístico se aplicó para estudiar el efecto de diferentes distribuciones de tamaño de partículas (PSDs) en la construcción de tierra compactada, con el objetivo de maximizar la densidad en seco del material y la resistencia a compresión no confinada (UCS). En la tercera fase se decidió estabilizar la combinación en la que la PSD optimizó la densidad en seco con tres estabilizadores convencionales diferentes: cemento, cal hidratada calcárea y cal hidráulica natural. En la cuarta fase, con el fin de reducir el impacto ambiental de los estabilizadores convencionales, se estabilizó el material con PSD optimizada utilizando dos estabilizadores no convencionales diferentes. Se caracterizaron sus propiedades mecánicas y de durabilidad, siguiendo la metodología de la primera fase, y se compararon con las propiedades de SRE obtenidas con estabilizadores convencionales. Los estabilizadores no convencionales estudiados fueron un estabilizador basado en Mg (GGBS-PC8) y un cemento supersulfatado (SSC). Se realizaron dos campañas experimentales diferentes, donde se fabricaron seis combinaciones que fueron sometidas a pruebas de UCS, UCS sumergido, pruebas de durabilidad por humedecimiento y secado, SEM/EDS, TG/DTG y XRD. Las combinaciones estabilizadas con los estabilizadores no convencionales lograron mejores resultados que aquellas estabilizadas con los convencionales. Estos resultados demostraron el potencial de los estabilizadores no convencionales, los cuales, en el caso del GGBS-PC8, permitieron el desarrollo de un material de construcción 100% basado en materiales reciclados con propiedades técnicas y ambientales mejoradas.Publication Open Access International norms for adult handgrip strength: a systematic review of data on 2.4 million adults aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions(Elsevier, 2024-12-06) Tomkinson, Grant R.; Lang, Justin J.; Rubín, Lukáš; McGrath, Ryan; Gower, Bethany; Boyle, Terry; Klug, Marilyn G.; Mayhew, Alexandra J.; Blake, Henry T.; Ortega, Francisco B.; Cadenas-Sánchez, Cristina; Magnussen, Costan G.; Fraser, Brooklyn J.; Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro; Liu, Yang; Christensen, Kaare; Leong, Darryl P.; International handGRIP Strength Group (iGRIPS); Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakBackground: Muscular strength is a powerful marker of current health status and robust predictor of age-related disease and disability. Handgrip strength (HGS) using isometric dynamometry is a convenient, feasible, and widely used method of assessing muscular strength among people of all ages. While adult HGS norms have been published for many countries, no study has yet synthesized available data to produce international norms. The objective of this study was to generate international sex- and age-specific norms for absolute and body size-normalized HGS across the adult lifespan. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 6 databases/web search engines (MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) up to December 1, 2023. We included full-text peer-reviewed observational studies that reported normative HGS data for adults aged ≥20 years by sex and age. Pseudo data were generated using Monte Carlo simulation following harmonization for methodological variation. Population-weighted Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape were used to develop sex- and age-specific norms for absolute HGS (kg) and HGS normalized by height (Ht, m) squared (i.e., HGS/Ht2 in kg/m2). Norms were tabulated as percentile values (5th to 95th) and visualized as smoothed percentile curves. Results: We included data from 100 unique observational studies representing 2,405,863 adults (51.9% female) aged 20 to 100+ years from 69 countries and regions tested from the year 2000 onward. On average, absolute and normalized HGS values negligibly improved throughout early adulthood, peaked from age 30–39 years (at 49.7 kg (males) and 29.7 kg (females) for absolute HGS or 16.3 kg/m2 (males) and 11.3 kg/m2 (females) for HGS/Ht2), and declined afterwards. The age-related decline in HGS accelerated from middle to late adulthood and was slightly larger for males than for females during middle adulthood. Conclusion: This study provides the world's largest and most geographically comprehensive international norms for adult HGS by sex and age. These norms have utility for global peer-comparisons, health screening, and surveillance.Publication Open Access Didactic voice-over in Secondary Education to develop integrated language skills and raise ecological awareness: a case study with pre-service teachers(Universidad de Córdoba, 2025-01-29) Lertola, Jennifer; Goñi Alsúa, Edurne; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza ZientziakEn los últimos años, ha habido una expansión significativa en la utilización de las TIC en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de idiomas. Por otro lado, para brindar a los estudiantes una educación de calidad, la formación de docentes es de suma importancia ya que esta garantiza que los educadores tengan conocimiento de las últimas estrategias pedagógicas, las herramientas tecnológicas y los enfoques interdisciplinarios necesarios que fomenten un entorno de aprendizaje dinámico y atractivo. Además, por lo que respecta a la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas, los esfuerzos de los docentes se centran cada vez más en promover la concienciación sobre la sostenibilidad. Este enfoque holístico no sólo mejora la experiencia educativa, sino que también se alinea con objetivos sociales más amplios, lo que hace que la educación de idiomas sea una herramienta poderosa para un cambio positivo. Este artículo presenta un estudio de caso con 14 profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera de secundaria en España. El propósito es investigar si los profesores en formación ven factible implementar la traducción audiovisual didáctica (TAD), particularmente las voces superpuestas didácticas en el aula de inglés como lengua extranjera, y si esta puede mejorar las habilidades lingüísticas integradas y promover la conciencia ecológica. Inicialmente, a los participantes se les presentó la base teórica sobre la TAD y su aplicación práctica, dentro de la plataforma TRADILEX (Fernández-Costales, Talaván y Tinedo-Rodríguez 2023). Posteriormente, se pidió a los participantes que llevaran a cabo una unidad didáctica de voces superpuestas didácticas sobre el proyecto financiado con fondos europeos Speak4Nature-Interdisciplinary Approaches on Ecological Justice. Tras presentar la unidad didáctica de voces superpuestas de 60 minutos, creada según la metodología TRADILEX (Talaván and Lertola 2022), los participantes debían desarrollar una segunda unidad de la misma duración, utilizando el mismo vídeo como base, adaptada a las necesidades específicas de los futuros alumnos. Para triangular los datos, se recogieron las opiniones de los participantes a través de un cuestionario, una rúbrica de observación completada por los dos profesores-investigadores y las respuestas a una breve entrevista que se realizó a un grupo focal, en el que participaron cinco estudiantes. El análisis arroja resultados alentadores, ya que los futuros profesores de inglés como lengua extranjera percibieron la integración de la TAD en la educación secundaria como potencialmente ventajosa para fomentar el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas integradas y la conciencia ecológica.Publication Open Access Editorial: Evidence-based exercise enhances healthy aging(Elsevier, 2024-12-31) Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Fiatarone Singh, Maria; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakAs the global population continues to age, an urgent question arises: how can we improve the quality of life for older adults while reducing the burden of age-related diseases and disabilities? A growing body of evidence suggests that evidence-based exercise, used as both preventive and therapeutic medicine, may hold the key to extending healthy As the global population continues to age, an urgent question arises: howcanweimprovethequalityoflifeforolderadultswhilereducingthe burden of age-related diseases and disabilities? A growing body of evidence suggests that evidence-based exercise, used as both preventive and therapeutic medicine, may hold the key to extending healthy longevity, preventing chronic conditions, and preserving physical and cognitive function. The “Global consensus on optimal exercise recommendations for enhancing healthy longevity in older adults (ICFSR)” emphasizes the importance of integrating tailored exercise regimens into geriatric care, positioning exercise not only as preventive medicine but also as a therapeutic cornerstone in managing age-related decline. The updated consensus document introduces several advancements that distinguish it from the previous consensus published a few years ago. It emphasizes more personalized, evidence-based exercise prescriptions that align with individual health profiles and conditions, moving beyond genericactivityguidelines.Publication Open Access Long-term frailty and physical performance transitions in older people with type-2 diabetes: the MIDFRAIL randomized clinical study(Elsevier, 2025-02-14) Laosa, Olga; Topinkova, Eva; Bourdel Marchasson, Isabelle; Vellas, Bruno; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Paolisso, Giuseppe; Hardman, Timothy C.; Zeyfang, Andrej; Pedraza, Laura; Carnicero Carreño, José Antonio; Rodríguez Mañas, Leocadio; Sinclair, Alan J.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun ZientziakAims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with frailty in older people. We aim to explore changes in frailty status after 18 months of intervention. Methods: 298 community-dwelling older adults (>70 years) participating in MIDFRAIL followed-up for 18–24 months were randomly allocated by trial site (cluster) to intervention IG (16-weeks resistance exercise program, nutritional-educational sessions, optimization of diabetes care), or usual care group (UCG). Frailty status was assessed by the Fried Frailty Phenotype criteria at baseline and final visit. Functional status was assessed by the SPPB in every visit. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression for continuous and dichotomous outcomes. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01654341). Results: Mean age was 77.7 (SD 5.54), 47% were male, 32.9% frail and 67.1% prefrail. The probability of improving the frailty status and decreasing the number of Fried’s frailty criteria was higher in the IG than in the UCG (OR 2.6, 95%CI 1.3–5.4; p = 0.009 and OR 1.9; 95%CI 1.1 3.1; p = 0.02, respectively). IG participants more frequently improved 1 point in SPPB score (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.09–3.12; p = 0.022). These benefits were mainly accounted for the prefrail participants. Conclusions: The MIDFRAIL intervention improved frailty status and physical function at long-term follow-up in older people with T2D.