Artículos de revista DABA - ABES Aldizkari artikuluak

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Browsing Artículos de revista DABA - ABES Aldizkari artikuluak by Author "Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo"

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    PublicationOpen Access
    Adipose tissue modification through feeding strategies and their implication on adipogenesis and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants
    (MDPI, 2020) Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Arana Navarro, Ana; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Development of a duplex qPCR assay with locked nucleic acid probes for A, B and E kappa-casein variants detection
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Jiménez Montenegro, Lucía; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Azparren Domínguez, Leire; Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
    Milk proteins determine important milk technological characteristics. Among caseins, Ƙ-casein has been correlated with fat and protein content and cheese yield. Fourteen Ƙ-caseins variants have been described but the alleles A, B and E are the most important ones due to their frequency and/or influence on the technological aptitudes of milk. Therefore, in the present study two different duplex qPCR assays with locked nucleic acid probes (for positions 13104 and 13124 of the Ƙ-casein gene) were developed for the detection of A, B and E variants. Firstly, DNA isolation method from milk somatic cells and hair was optimised. The developed 13124-qPCR assay showed an increased sensitivity reaching up to 6.7 copies DNA copies/reaction at a 95% confidence level with A, B and E alleles reference samples. The 13104-qPCR assay reached up to 6.7 DNA copies/reaction for A allele reference sample and 67 DNA copies/reaction for B and E samples. Intra-assay variation results were below 6%. Applicability was determined using DNA samples from animals with known genotype for Ƙ-casein (AA, AB, BB, BE, AE, EE) and both assays were able to discriminate among the six genotypes with 100% accuracy. Thus, this qPCR method represents a sensitive and rapid option for the detection of Ƙ-casein alleles in both hair and milk samples.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    DNA extraction procedures and validation parameters of a real-time PCR method to control milk containing only A2 β-casein
    (Elsevier, 2022) Jiménez Montenegro, Lucía; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Bovine milk mainly contains two types of β-casein: A1 and A2 variants. In recent years, a new variety of cows’ milk has emerged in the dairy sector called “A2 milk”. This novel product is characterised by the absence of A1 β-casein, which has been associated with possible gastrointestinal discomfort due to β-casomorphin-7 (BCM-7) release during gastrointestinal digestion. In this context, methods to verify the A1 allele absence in A2 milk are required as a quality control in the A2 milk commercialisation. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to develop a locked nucleic acid (LNA) probe-based duplex real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for A1 allele detection in A2 milk samples. Firstly, four DNA isolation methods from milk somatic cells were optimised and evaluated. The results suggests that the commercial kit NucleoSpin Tissue was the most suitable method in terms of DNA quality and amplificability for downstream applications. Then, optimisation and validation of the qPCR assay were carried out. For both A1 and A2 alleles, the absolute limits of detection of this qPCR assay were 7.3 DNA copies/reaction (2 x 10−5 ng DNA) and 30.4 DNA copies/reaction (0.1 ng DNA) at a 95% confidence level with synthetic reference DNA samples and heterozygous genotyped DNA sample, respectively. The relative limits of detection were 2% (15 copies) and 5% (152 copies) for the A1 allele in A2 samples at 95% confidence with synthetic reference and genotyped DNA samples, respectively. The qPCR assay was robust, with intra- and inter-assay variability below 4.3%, and specific, differentiating between A1 and A2 alleles with 100% genotyping accuracy. In conclusion, this cost-effective and fast method could be used to discriminate A1 allele in A2 samples and, consequently, to verify the A1 allele absence in “A2 milk” by screening commercial products on the market.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Expression of key myogenic, fibrogenic and adipogenic genes in Longissimus thoracis and masseter muscles in cattle
    (Cambridge University Press, 2020) Martínez del Pino, Lara; Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Arana Navarro, Ana; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación
    Adipogenesis, myogenesis and fibrogenesis are related processes that can contribute to meat quality. Therefore, extending the knowledge of these processes would facilitate the identification of molecular markers that predict intramuscular fat accretion. The main purpose of this work, based on previous results, was to further study the expression of key genes related to adipogenic, myogenic, fibrogenic processes and some cytokines in Longissimus thoracis (LT) and Masseter (MS) muscles of Pirenaica and Holstein young bulls. Longissimus thoracis and MS muscles from Pirenaica (n = 4) and Spanish Holstein (n = 4) were sampled for proximate analysis, determination of adipocyte size distribution and expression of key candidate genes. Fat percentage was lower in LT than in MS muscle in Pirenaica young bulls (P = 0.023) and was higher in LT muscle in Holstein than in Pirenaica young bulls (P = 0.007). Gene expression analysis revealed that the mRNA level of myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD) was higher in LT than in MS muscles in both groups of animals (P < 0.001) and that myostatin (MSTN) expression was also higher in LT than in MS muscle in Holstein bulls (P = 0.001). On the other hand, MSTN and PPARG showed higher expression in LT and MS in Pirenaica young bulls (P = 0.026), while the expression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) was higher in Holstein young bulls, also in both muscles (P < 0.001). The results suggested that the development of intramuscular adipose depot was directly related to the expression of adipogenic genes, such as FABP4, but inversely related to the expression of the cytokine MSTN and the myogenic gene MYOD, genes which showed a muscle-specific expression.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Textile characteristics of fiber from Huacaya alpacas (Vicugna pacos)
    (Universidad Nacional de Trujillo (Perú). Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, 2019) Paucar Chanca, Rufino; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Mendoza Ordóñez, G.; Alvarado Quezada, F.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
    Fiber from alpacas represents a substantial component of economic output for South American countries. In this study it determined the textile characteristics of fibers obtained from Huacaya alpacas raised at the South American Camelids Research and Development Center-Lachocc (CRDC-Lachocc) located at The National University of Huancavelica (UNH). Fleece samples were obtained from the mid-side rib area of 74 white alpacas (42 females and 32 males) of varying ages. The Average Fiber Diameter (AFD), Standard Deviation of the Average Fiber Diameter (SDAFD), Fiber Diameter Coefficient of Variation (FDCV), Comfort Factor (CF) and Staple Length (SL) were measured as textile characteristics and related to sex and age group. Most of the fleece samples could be classified as baby alpaca fleece according to the Peruvian Technical Standard classification (231.301.2014). Sex had no influence on any textile characteristic (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, age affected only AFD and CF (p < 0.05). Together the results indicated that alpacas farmed at CRDC-Lachocc had good potential to produce high quality fibers.