Comunicaciones y ponencias de congresos - Biltzarrak eta Argitalpenak

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Open Access
Optimum horn antennas for high order mode beam waveguides
(1995) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Thumm, Manfred; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Higher order free space modes can be considered as serious candidates for power millimeter wave transmission in advanced material processing by using medium power CW gyrotrons. These modes can be propagated in a beam waveguide with properly designed mirrors. Here, we present some optimal ways to excite these higher order free space modes from circular symmetric cylindrical waveguide modes by using optimal non linear horn launchers. An original synthesis procedure is proposed which has been successfully tested by computational simulation.
Open Access
High order mode beam waveguide for technological medium power millimeter wave applications
(1995) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Marín Pilz, Miguel; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Möbius, Arnold; Thumm, Manfred; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The use of medium power millimeter wave CW gyrotrons (10- 30 kW and 30-100 GHz) has several potential applications in advanced materials processing. Since a stochastic field distribution in the applicator is desirable no pencil beam is necessary. Then the possibility to couple the circular symmetric gyrotron output to a higher order free space mode can be considered. Beam waveguides based on iterative reflection of such high order beams on properly designed mirrors opens the possibility to increase the efficiency and to reduce costs of present compact transmission lines in gyrotron technological systems.
Open Access
Estudio de la posibilidad de utilizar modos de orden superior en guías de onda cuasi-ópticas
(1995) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Marín Pilz, Miguel; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Möbius, Arnold; Thumm, Manfred; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The possibility to employ low power gyrotron tubes (10-30 kW, CW) at millimeter wave frequencies (30-100 GHz) has potential applications in advanced ceramic sintering, surface coating, radar, remote sensing, etc.. In materials processing applications, the final shape of the beam is not relevant, because the experiment have to be done in a cavity which has a metallic mode stirrer in order to obtain inside a uniform distribution of the electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we present a preliminar study, showing that it is possible to use high order modes in the transmission line to carry the power to the final experiment efficiently.
Open Access
Antenas de bocina optimizadas para acoplar modos gaussianos de orden superior
(1995) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Thumm, Manfred; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The concept of higher order free space modes, gaussian-like beam modes can be applied to efficiently transport the power generated by a gyrotron for technological applications. Waveguide modes can be coupled properly to higher order gaussian modes. These modes can be guided by an optimized higher order beam waveguide to the final experiment. A family of optimized non linear horn antennas is investigated in order to maximize the coupling between the guided output modes of a technological gyrotron and the free space modes. The numerical computations show very favourable coupling to higher order gaussian modes, with a conversion effiencies of about 99.8%.
Open Access
La reforma fiscal de Mon-Santillán y su repercusión en Navarra
(Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Presidencia, Justicia e Interior, 1995) Alli Aranguren, Juan Cruz; Derecho Público; Zuzenbide Publikoa
La reforma fiscal de Mon-Santillán de 1845 constituye la transformación tributaría más importante de los siglos XIX y XX hasta la reforma de 1978, que cambió la imposición directa, y la de 1986 que lo hizo con la indirecta. Los criterios de reparto de la carga tributaria establecidos en 1845 no fueron modificados en la realidad recaudatoria hasta 1978. Se trata del primer sistema tributario moderno que se implanta en España. La reforma fiscal de 1845 recoge la doctrina fiscal de la revolución burguesa, en cuanto a la igualdad personal y geográfica en el impuesto, así con el afán de centralización y racionalización de la Administración que presidió el Gobierno moderado. Sin embargo no logró la uniformidad en todo el terntorio nacional ni en el modelo, ni en la presión fiscal, ni en la recaudación, por cuanto los territorios forales de Navarra y las provincias vascongadas, llamadas "provincias exentas", mantuvieron sus viejos sistemas históricos como parte consustancial de la foralidad, aun cuando sufrieron alguna acomodación al nuevo régimen.
Open Access
Size and number variation of adipocytes during the growth of Rasa Aragonesa lambs
(CIHEAM, 1995) Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Horcada, Alberto; Lizaso, G.; Mendizábal Múgica, Francisco Javier; Arana Navarro, Ana; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
The size and number of adipocytes of different fat depots was studied in 45 male lambs of the Rasa Aragonesa breed, distributed in three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36), slaughtered respectively at 11.7 ± 0.67,24.5 ± 0.57 and 35.8 ± 1.74 kg live weight (LW) and at an age of 32 ± 5, 89 ± 8 and 123 ± 8 days. G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, G24 and G36 lambs were weaned respectively at 16.2 ± 1.32 and 18.3 ± 2.46 kg LW and were fed from then onwards on concentrated fodder and barley straw ad libitum until they were slaughtered. The results obtained show that there is a significant increase in the amount of fat deposited in three internal (omental, mesenteric and kidney knob and channel) fat depots as the LW at slaughter increases (P<0.01). A similar phenomenon occurs in the size of the adipocytes, hypertrophy being more evident between 24 and 36 kg (P<0.01) than between 12 and 24 kg, except in the intermuscular fat depot, where the differences were between the two most extreme weight(P <0.01). The number of adipocytes in the omental and mesenteric fat depots increased significantly during the period of the study (P<0.01) while no variation occurred in the kidney knob and channel fat depot during the same period.
Open Access
Lipogenic enzyme activity in growing Rasa Aragonesa lambs
(CIHEAM, 1995) Arana Navarro, Ana; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Corroza Muro, Manuel; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Mendizábal Múgica, Francisco Javier; Horcada, Alberto; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Química Aplicada; Kimika Aplikatua
The lipogenic enzyme activity of the following enzymes was studied: Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), fatty acids synthetase (FAS), NADP-Malate dehydrogenase (ME) and Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in five fat depots (omental, OM; mesenteric, MES; kidney knob and channel, KKC; subcutaneous, SC; intermuscular, IM) in 45 male Rasa Aragonesa lambs divided into three groups of 15 lambs (G12, G24, G36). They were slaughtered respectively at 11.70 ± 0.67; 24.50 ± 0.57 and 35.80 ± 1.74 kg of live weight (LW) and at 32 ± 5; 89 ± 8, and 123 ± 8 days old. The G12 lambs were slaughtered on the day of weaning, having consumed solely their mother's milk; those in the G24 and G36 groups were weaned at 16.20 ± 1.32 and 18.30 ± 2.46 kg LW respectively, were fed from then onward concentrated fodder and barley straw ad libitum until they were slaughtered. Between 24 and 36 kg LW an increase in the activity of the G3PDH and FAS lipogenic enzymes was observed. The increasine the 'de novo' synthesis (FAS) at 36 kg LW was matched by G6PDH activity, which indicates greater use of acetate as a precursor of fatty acids. Furthermore, the maintenance of ME activity during the period studied would indicate that the glucose rate utilization for the fatty acids synthesis was not modified throughout this period.
Open Access
Clero e historia social: nuevas perspectivas de estudio
(Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 1995) Benito Aguado, María Teresa; Ciencias humanas y de la educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
Open Access
Generation of the HE11 mode from monomode smooth circular waveguide
(1996) Gonzalo García, Ramón; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we present an original taper design to obtain the HE11 corrugated circular waveguide mode exciting with a pure TE11 monomode smooth circular waveguide mode. The proposed corrugated taper has a longitudinal section composed of two hyperbolic profiles in series, one concave and the other convex united at a point, such that the derivative is continuous. Superimposed there is an additional tapering of the corrugation depth that goes from l/2 at taper input to l/4 within the first hyperbola. This original synthesis procedure has been successfully tested by computational simulation. The calculation method has been validated be experimental results of other authors.
Open Access
Diseño óptimo de antenas de bocina multimodo para excitar un haz gaussiano fundamental de alta pureza
(1996) Gonzalo García, Ramón; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we present an original and optimal multimode horn antenna design to excite the fundamental Gaussian beam from an overmoded waveguide. In particular, we focus the study in overmoded circular corrugated waveguide. The main idea to design this multimode horn antenna, is to increase the waveguide radius as the desired gaussian mode expands. This principle has also been applied to smooth circular waveguides to excite higher order Gaussian beams from TE0n modes. The horn antenna design considered here, improves the gaussian conversion efficiency, the crosspolarisation and the sidelobes level of some good mixture ( aprox. 85% of TE11 and 15% of TM11 ).
Open Access
SCATTMAT: herramienta C.A.D. para el análisis de componentes en guía de onda circular con variaciones simétricas del radio
(1996) Liberal, Antonio; Lahera, Miguel; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, a C.A.D. tool to simulate simmetrical radial deformation microwave devices, using the modal analysis and scattering matrix techniques is presented. The code has been developed in C++ language, working with Windows resources, in a personal computer. The user can obtain as graphic result the internal evolution of power along the component. The profile component is defined using a 2-D function because of the simmetrical variations. The results have been succesfully tested with experimental results of differents authors.
Open Access
Nuevas consideraciones al diseño de conversores de modos TE0m-TE0n para aplicaciones de alta potencia a frecuencias milimétricas
(1996) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this work, the new results of a study about the general Kovalev’s coherence principle are presented. As we will show here, despite Kovalev presents the coherence principle as general, only the fundamental case can be considered in order to design a total mode converter. Only when the perturbation period length is equal to the beat length between the two desired modes we will have a total power interaction between these modes.
Open Access
Consideraciones de paraxialidad en modos gaussianos de orden superior
(1996) Ruiz de la Cuesta, María Teresa; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Usually, the gaussian beam modes are assumed to be solutions of the wave equation in the free space. Nevertheless, these modes are obtained supposing some paraxial restrictions. Therefore, we will have to check if our working conditions are obeying or not these paraxial restrictions to consider these beam modes as really solutions in free space. In other hand, applications of processing materials, surface coating, etc can use these beam modes to simplify considerably the transmision line between the generator and the final cavity. In this paper, an original study of paraxial considerations for the higher order gaussian modes is presented.
Open Access
Optimized antenna system for low power testing of the quasioptical transmission line at TJ-II experiment
(1996) Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sánchez Corpas, Alberto; Martín, Romualdo; Fernández, Ángela; Cepero, José R.; Likin, Konstantin M.; Sarksyan, Karen; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper we present a high performance antenna system to carry out low power testing of the main parameters of the quasioptical transmission line system for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) at TJ-II experiment under construction in Madrid. The system uses a practically pure Gaussian Beam at 53.2 GHz obtained by means of an optimized corrugated horn launcher. The main goal of the system is to make low power measurements of the beam waveguide by means of a simulation of the gyrotron beam size. Previous experience of both teams in the Millimeter Wave Plasma Heating has been very useful for the design.
Open Access
Generación del modo HE11 a partir de una guía circular lisa monomodo
(1996) Gonzalo García, Ramón; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we present an original taper design to obtain the HE11 corrugated circular waveguide mode exciting with a pure TE11 monomode smooth circular waveguide mode. The proposed corrugated taper has a longitudinal section composed of two hyperbolic profiles in series, one concave and the other convex united at a point, such that the derivative is continuous. Superimposed there is an additional tapering of the corrugation depth that goes from l/2 at taper input to l/4 within the first hyperbola. This original synthesis procedure has been successfully tested by computational simulation. The calculation method has been validated by experimental results of other authors.
Open Access
Paraxiality considerations of higher order gaussian modes
(1996) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
Frequently, gaussian modes are used as free space wave equation solutions. This is not true since they are obtained assuming certain paraxial character in them. In this paper, we present an original study of the condition for paraxiality of higher order gaussian modes solutions of the wave equations in free space. A bound for the product of number (k) in free space and the beam waist of a family of modes is obtained, in terms of the mode indexes - the bound being more restrictive the larger the order of the mode.
Open Access
Optimal horn antenna design to excite high purity gaussian beam using overmoded waveguides
(1996) Gonzalo García, Ramón; Río Bocio, Carlos del; Teniente Vallinas, Jorge; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, we present an original and optimal multimode horn antenna design to excite the fundamental Gaussian beam from an overmoded waveguide. In particular, we focus the study in overmoded circular corrugated waveguide.The horn antenna design considered here, improves the gaussian conversion efficiency, the cross-polarisation and the sidelobes level of some good mixture (aprox. 85% of TE11 and 15% of TM11).
Open Access
Efecto del peso de sacrificio en la calidad de la carne de cordero de raza Lacha
(SEOC, 1996) Horcada, Alberto; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Lizaso, G.; Chasco Ugarte, Julia Margarita; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Mendizábal Múgica, Francisco Javier; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
En 57 corderos machos de raza Lacha sacrificados con 12, 18, 24 y 36 kg de peso vivo (PV) y aproximadamente 25, 70, 90 y 130 días de edad respectivamente, se han determinado varios parámetros relacionados con la calidad de la carne (pH, Capacidad de retención de agua, dureza, contenido de mioglobina, y medidas físicas del color) y con la composición química (humedad, proteína total, grasa intramuscular y cenizas) del músculo longissimus dorsi. Así mismo, se ha estudiado la naturaleza y composición de la grasa intramuscular (IM) del músculo longissimus dorsi y de la grasa subcutánea (SC) que rodea al mismo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la carne procedente de los corderos de 24 kg ha presentado valores de pH final (pH24h) más elevados que la del resto de los pesos vivos (p<0,01), así como una mayor facilidad para desprender agua que la de los corderos sacrificados con 12 kg de PV (p<0,001). Con el incremento del peso de sacrificio se ha observado en el músculo longissimus dorsi un aumento del contenido de grasa IM (p<0,01), de mioglobina (p<0,01), del índice de rojo (coordenada a*) (p<0,001) y un descenso de la luminosidad (coordenada L*) (p<0,001). Respecto a la naturaleza de la grasa se ha observado que con el incremento del peso vivo, el valor de índice de yodo aumentó en la grasa SC (p<0,01), mientras que en la grasa IM disminuyó (p<0,001). Así mismo, se ha observado que en ambos depósitos grasos (IM y SC) el contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados totales aumentó (p<0,001) debido principalmente al incremento del porcentaje del ácido graso mayoritario oleico (C18:1) (p<0,001).
Open Access
Use of CBR for IP over ATM
(SPIE, 1997) Aracil Rico, Javier; Morató Osés, Daniel; Izal Azcárate, Mikel; Donézar, C.; Automática y Computación; Automatika eta Konputazioa
Internet traffic burstiness allows for statistical multiplexing gain in the available bandwidth of an ATM link. However, a dynamic allocation bandwidth assignment (ABR) has to be performed. In this paper we evaluate the real advantages of ABR versus CBR for Internet service provisioning. We consider performance parameters such as connection setup delay and active waiting time due to flow control and show that CBR schemes can be a good alternative for Internet service provisioning over ATM networks.
Open Access
Línea de transmisión cuasi-óptica con modos gaussianos de orden superior para sistemas basados en gyrotrones tecnológicos para aplicaciones cerámicas
(1997) Río Bocio, Carlos del; Gonzalo García, Ramón; Möbius, Arnold; Sorolla Ayza, Mario; Thumm, Manfred; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
In this paper, a description of a new compact microwave oven system based on a tecnological gyrotron for material processing applications is presented. The whole system has been designed by the Institute of Applied Physics in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) and nowadays is installed in the Forschungszentrum (Karlsruhe, Germany). It consists ot a technological gyrotron working at 30 GHz giving 10 Kw CW in the TE02 circular waveguide mode, a quasi-optical transmission line (optimized in this work) and the final very oversized cavity or applicator. The original transmission line had a transmission efficiency of about 70%, by using a Vlasov launcher to generate a fundamental gaussian beam from the TE02 mode. The power was driven through a total of three mirrors. The improved design presented here increases the transmission efficiency up to 91%, by using a higher order gaussian beam mode, azimuthaly polarized and conical profile, by using only two ellipsoidal mirrors.