Colecciones de Investigación y Producción Científica - Ikerketa eta ekoizpen zientifikoko Bildumak

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Open Access
15-item version of the Boston naming test: normative data for the Latin American spanish-speaking adult population.
(American Psychological Association, 2023) Del Cacho Tena, Ana María; Merced, Kritzia; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Rivera, Diego; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective: Naming is commonly impaired in people with neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury, and as a result, its accurate assessment is essential. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the 15-item Spanish version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) for an adult population from eight Latin American countries/regions. Method: The total sample consisted of 2,828 participants from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico. Multiple regressions were used to generate normative data following a four-step process. Results: Regression models showed a linear effect of age on the 15-item BNT total score for Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. In contrast, Paraguay showed a quadratic age effect. Almost all countries showed a positive linear effect of education, except Cuba which had a quadratic effect. Sex was a significant predictor in Argentina, Chile, Cuba, and Mexico, where in women scored lower than men. Conclusions: This study generates normative data for the 15-item Spanish version of the BNT and offers a free open-source calculator that will assist in the efficacious use of this neuropsychological test in clinical practice and research.
Open Access
20-Year trajectories of six psychopathological dimensions in patients with first-episode psychosis: could they be predicted?
(Elsevier, 2024) Cuesta, Manuel J.; Gil Berrozpe, Gustavo José; Sánchez Torres, Ana María; Moreno-Izco, Lucía; García de Jalón, Elena; Peralta Martín, Víctor; SEGPEPs Group; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Patients with first-episode psychoses (FEP) exhibit heterogeneity in clinical manifestations and outcomes. This study investigated the long-term trajectories of six key psychopathological dimensions (reality-distortion, negative, disorganization, catatonia, mania and depression) in patients diagnosed with FEP. A total of 243 patients were followed up for 20 years and the trajectories of the dimensions were analysed using growth mixture modelling. These dimensions showed varied course patterns, ranging from two to five trajectories. Additionally, the study examined the predictive value of different factors in differentiating between the long-term trajectories. The exposome risk score showed that familial load, distal and intermediate risk factors, acute psychosocial stressors and acute onset were significant predictors for differentiating between long-term psychopathological trajectories. In contrast, polygenic risk score, duration of untreated psychosis and duration of untreated illness demonstrated little or no predictive value. The findings highlight the importance of conducting a multidimensional assessment not only at FEP but also during follow-up to customize the effectiveness of interventions. Furthermore, the results emphasize the relevance of assessing premorbid predictors from the onset of illness. This may enable the identification of FEP patients at high-risk of poor long-term outcomes who would benefit from targeted prevention programs on specific psychopathological dimensions.
Open Access
Abordando las necesidades de los largos supervivientes de cáncer y sus familias: una reflexión comunitaria
(SEAPA, 2024-12-01) García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
En Europa, más de 23 millones de personas han tenido un diagnóstico de cáncer. Según el estudio EUROCARE 6, que analiza la prevalencia del cáncer en Europa, se ha identificado que los largos supervivientes de cáncer, aquellos que han superado los cinco años tras su diagnóstico, constituyen una proporción creciente y predominante de la población de supervivientes. Esta tendencia se espera que continúe en aumento, generando preocupación sobre la capacidad de los sistemas de salud para satisfacer las necesidades específicas de este grupo poblacional.
Open Access
Absence of nuclear p16 is a diagnostic and independent prognostic biomarker in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
(MDPI, 2020) Mendaza Lainez, Saioa; Fernández Irigoyen, Joaquín; Santamaría Martínez, Enrique; Zudaire, Tamara; Guarch, Rosa; Guerrero Setas, David; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The tumor-suppressor protein p16 is paradoxically overexpressed in cervical cancer (CC). Despite its potential as a biomarker, its clinical value and the reasons for its failure in tumor suppression remain unclear. Our purpose was to determine p16 clinical and biological significance in CC. p16 expression pattern was examined by immunohistochemistry in 78 CC cases (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix –SCCCs). CC cell proliferation and invasion were monitored by real-time cell analysis and Transwell® invasion assay, respectively. Cytoplasmic p16 interactors were identified from immunoprecipitated extracts by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and colocalization was confirmed by double-immunofluorescence. We observed that SCCCs showed significantly more cytoplasmic than nuclear p16 expression than HSILs. Importantly, nuclear p16 absence significantly predicted poor outcome in SCCC patients irrespective of other clinical parameters. Moreover, we demonstrated that cytoplasmic p16 interacted with CDK4 and other unreported proteins, such as BANF1, AKAP8 and AGTRAP, which could sequester p16 to avoid nuclear translocation, and then, impair its anti-tumor function. Our results suggest that the absence of nuclear p16 could be a diagnostic biomarker between HSIL and SCCC, and an independent prognostic biomarker in SCCC; and explain why p16 overexpression fails to stop CC growth.
Open Access
Accelerated bacterial identification with MALDI-TOF MS leads to fewer diagnostic tests and cost savings
(MDPI, 2024-12-02) Uzuriaga, Miriam; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Rua, Marta; Leiva, José; Yuste, José R.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Introduction: Rapid microbiology reporting can enhance both clinical and economic outcomes. Material and Methods: This three-year, quasi-experimental study, single-group pretest¿posttest study, conducted at a university medical center, aimed to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of rapid microbiological identification reporting using MALDI-TOF MS. A total of 363 consecutive hospitalized patients with bacterial infections were evaluated, comparing a historical control group (CG, n = 183) with an intervention group (IG, n = 180). In the CG, microbiological information (bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility) was provided between 18:00 and 22:00 h, while in the IG, bacterial identification was reported between 12:00 and 14:00 h, and antibiotic susceptibility was reported between 18:00 and 22:00 h. Results: The IG demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of patients undergoing Microbiology (p = 0.01), Biochemistry (p = 0.05), C-Reactive Protein (p = 0.02), Radiological Tests (p = 0.05), Computed Tomography Tests (p = 0.04), and Pathology (p = 0.01). However, no statistically significant reduction was observed in economic costs related to microbiological testing (p = 0.76) or antibiotic consumption (p = 0.59). The timely reporting of microbiological identification to clinicians resulted in fewer patients undergoing additional diagnostic tests, ultimately contributing to reduced healthcare resource utilization without adversely affecting clinical outcomes.
Open Access
Accelerated forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it occur?
(Elsevier, 2021) Contador Castillo, Israel; Sánchez, Abraham; Kopelman, Michael D.; González de la Aleja, Jesús; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective: the main goal of the study was to analyse differences in the forgetting rates of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) patients at different intervals (30 sec, 10 min, 1 day and 1 week) compared with those of healthy controls. A secondary aim of this research was to provide an assessment of the relationship between clinical epilepsy-related variables and forgetting rates in TLE patients. Method: the sample was composed of 14 TLE patients and 14 healthy matched controls. All participants underwent a full standardised neuropsychological assessment including general intelligence, executive functioning, memory, language and other variables, such as depression, anxiety or everyday memory failures. Two specific memory tasks, consisting of cued recall of 4 short stories and 4 routes, were carried out at four different intervals. Results: there was a significant difference between groups at 10-min interval on the stories task, with the TLE group displaying greater forgetting than healthy controls. None of the other intervals on either task showed significant group differences. No differences were found when controlling for clinical epilepsy-related variables. Conclusion: forgetting of verbal information at 10 min was greater in patients with TLE compared with controls, but accelerated longer term forgetting was not found. This study suggests that a late consolidation process is not necessarily impaired in TLE patients.
Open Access
Accuracy of smartwatch electrocardiographic recording in the acute coronary syndrome setting: rationale and design of the ACS WATCH II Study
(MDPI, 2024) Buelga Suárez, Mauro; Pascual Izco, Marina; García Montalvo, Jesús; Alonso Salinas, Gonzalo Luis; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), with or without ST-segment elevation, is a major contributor to global mortality and morbidity. Swift diagnosis and treatment are vital for mitigating cardiac damage and improving long-term outcomes. The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) currently serves as the gold standard for diagnosis in ACS with ST-segment elevation and may support the diagnosis in ACS without ST-segment elevation. However, the growing prevalence of smartwatches enables the acquisition of electrocardiographic data without traditional ECG equipment. While smaller studies support smartwatch ECG use, larger-scale validation within ACS remains lacking. The ACS WATCH II study aims to validate smartwatch ECG recordings for ACS. Methods: The primary objective is to validate smartwatch-obtained electrocardiographic data in patients presenting with ACS. Two cohorts of 120 patients each, presenting ACS with and without ST-segment elevation, will be assessed. Smartwatches will capture recordings of leads I, III, and V2 alongside standard ECGs. These leads, chosen due to a 97% ACS diagnosis sensitivity in previous studies, will undergo blind evaluation by two experienced external assessors against conventional ECG. Additionally, a control sample of 60 healthy individuals will be included. Conclusions: ACS WATCH II pioneers large-scale prospective validation of smartwatch ECG recordings in ACS patients. Additionally, it indirectly validates a swift diagnostic approach using three leads (I, III, and V2). This could expedite time-critical ACS diagnoses and simplify access through smartwatch-based diagnosis.
Open Access
Acidification asymmetrically affects voltage-dependent anion channel implicating the involvement of salt bridges
(Elsevier, 2014-06-24) Teijido Hermida, Óscar; Rappaport, Shay M.; Chamberlin, Adam; Noskov, Sergei Y.; Aguilella, Vicente M.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana K.; Bezrukov, Sergey M.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) is the major pathway for ATP, ADP, and other respiratory substrates through the mitochondrial outer membrane, constituting a crucial point of mitochondrial metabolism regulation. VDAC is characterized by its ability to 'gate' between an open and several 'closed' states under applied voltage. In the early stages of tumorigenesis or during ischemia, partial or total absence of oxygen supply to cells results in cytosolic acidification. Motivated by these facts, we investigated the effects of pH variations on VDAC gating properties. We reconstituted VDAC into planar lipid membranes and found that acidification reversibly increases its voltage-dependent gating. Furthermore, both VDAC anion selectivity and single channel conductance increased with acidification, in agreement with the titration of the negatively charged VDAC residues at low pH values. Analysis of the pH dependences of the gating and open channel parameters yielded similar pKa values close to 4.0. We also found that the response of VDAC gating to acidification was highly asymmetric. The presumably cytosolic (cis) side of the channel was the most sensitive to acidification, whereas the mitochondrial intermembrane space (trans) side barely responded to pH changes. Molecular dynamic simulations suggested that stable salt bridges at the cis side, which are susceptible to disruption upon acidification, contribute to this asymmetry. The pronounced sensitivity of the cis side to pH variations found here in vitro might provide helpful insights into the regulatory role of VDAC in the protective effect of cytosolic acidification during ischemia in vivo.
Open Access
Aclaración de conceptos frecuentemente malinterpretados en deportes practicados por atletas con discapacidad
(CINEMAROS SAC, 2024) Garcia-Carrillo, Exal; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Durante el último tiempo hemos sido testigos del crecimiento sostenido en el ámbito del deporte practicado por personas con discapacidad: incremento en el número de participantes, inclusión de cada vez más deportes, mayor cobertura mediática, y un incremento en la producción científica relacionada. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este documento es el clarificar algunos conceptos clave que los profesionales relacionados deberían considerar al realizar futuras investigaciones o al referirse a ello en cualquier otro contexto.
Open Access
Actionable driver events in small cell lung cancer
(MDPI, 2024) Gutiérrez Núñez, Mirian; Zamora Álvarez, Irene; Freeman, Michael R.; Encío Martínez, Ignacio; Rotinen Díaz, Mirja Sofia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) stands out as the most aggressive form of lung cancer, characterized by an extremely high proliferation rate and a very poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate that falls below 7%. Approximately two-thirds of patients receive their diagnosis when the disease has already reached a metastatic or extensive stage, leaving chemotherapy as the remaining first-line treatment option. Other than the recent advances in immunotherapy, which have shown moderate results, SCLC patients cannot yet benefit from any approved targeted therapy, meaning that this cancer remains treated as a uniform entity, disregarding intra- or inter-tumoral heterogeneity. Continuous efforts and technological improvements have enabled the identification of new potential targets that could be used to implement novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most recent approaches for SCLC treatment, providing an extensive compilation of the targeted therapies that are currently under clinical evaluation and inhibitor molecules with promising results in vitro and in vivo.
Open Access
Active commuting to and from university, obesity and metabolic syndrome among Colombian university students
(BioMed Central, 2018) García Hermoso, Antonio; Quintero, Andrea P.; Hernández, Enrique; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: There is limited evidence concerning how active commuting (AC) is associated with health benefits in young. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between AC to and from campus (walking) and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a sample of Colombian university students. Methods: A total of 784 university students (78.6% women, mean age = 20.1 ± 2.6 years old) participated in the study. The exposure variable was categorized into AC (active walker to campus) and non-AC (non/infrequent active walker to campus: car, motorcycle, or bus) to and from the university on a typical day. MetS was defined in accordance with the updated harmonized criteria of the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Results: The overall prevalence of MetS was 8.7%, and it was higher in non-AC than AC to campus. The percentage of AC was 65.3%. The commuting distances in this AC from/to university were 83.1%, 13.4% and 3.5% for < 2 km, 2-5 km and > 5 km, respectively. Multiple logistic regressions for predicting unhealthy profile showed that male walking commuters had a lower probability of having obesity [OR = 0.45 (CI 95% 0.25–0.93)], high blood pressure [OR = 0.26 (CI 95% 0.13–0.55)] and low HDL cholesterol [OR = 0.29 (CI 95% 0.14–0.59)] than did passive commuters. Conclusions: Our results suggest that in young adulthood, a key life-stage for the development of obesity and MetS, AC could be associated with and increasing of daily physical activity levels, thereby promoting better cardiometabolic health.
Open Access
Actividad física relacionada con el medio ambiente en personas adultas en la Comunidad de Murcia (proyecto IPEN)
(2017) Rosa Eduardo, Rosanna de la; Aguinaga Ontoso, Inés; Guillén Grima, Francisco; Aguinaga Ontoso, Enrique; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Antecedentes. La actividad fisica es un elemento esencial en la salud de la población y las barreras para su práctica están condicionadas por factores medio ambientales como son diversidad y uso del suelo, uso del transporte activo, infraestructuras e instalaciones, accesibilidad a los servicios, y factores psicosociales, e influyen de forma directa en como las personas practican actividad fisica.El fundamento de esta investigación se encuadra en el proyecto Intemational Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) España, con el objetivo de conocer los posibles factores urbanísticos y medioambientales que influyen en la práctica de actividad fisica en la población de Murcia en el marco de Ciudades Activas. Método. Estudio transversal descriptivo mediante encuesta, los participantes fueron seleccionado mediante un muestro por conglomerado de los residentes mayores de edad de 4 áreas de salud correspondientes al casco urbano y zona metropolitana. El tamaño de la muestra: se enviaron un total de 4,600 encuestas, y fueron respondidas un total de 1813, una tasa de respuesta del 39,41%. El instrumento de medida ha sido mediante el cuestionario e utiliza parte Neighborhood Quality of Life Study (NQLS 1), que engloba 1) cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física IPAQ versión larga para medir la actividad fisica. 2)El Cuestionario Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) y registra las variables sociodemográficas, percepción de las características urbanísticas y ambientales de la población. 3) El cuestionario Life Scale, que valora los aspectos psicosociales y las barreras percibidas para practicar actividad fisica. Los análisis estadísticos realizados fueron Anova de un factor, posthoc,y análisis de regresión logística. Se analizaron en SPSS 21.0. Resultados. La población estudiada no cumple con los criterios de actividad fisica vigorosa, caminar, y los niveles de actividad fisica son insuficientes, es independiente dl nivel socioeconómico de la población. Vivir en viviendas de más de 7 pisos influye en la práctica de AF vigorosa, pero no influye en la práctica de AF moderada ni caminar. Disponer de lugares para caminar y andar en bicicleta por el barrio influye en la práctica de AF vigorosa, pero no en la práctica AF moderada, y en que las personas caminen más. Disponer de señales de cruces de peatones y calles con limitación de velocidades se asocia a una mayor práctica de AF moderada y caminar, pero no con una mayor práctica de AF vigorosa. El acceso a las principales instalaciones deportivas está relacionado con la AF vigorosa, y no con caminar más. Poder acceder a las principales instalaciones y servicios a menos de 15 minutos caminando se asocia a una mayor práctica de actividad fisica vigorosa y moderada. Las principales barreras que influyen en la práctica de actividad fisica son la falta de tiempo, interés, energía y compañía. El apoyo social de familiares y amigos influye en la práctica de actividad fisica vigorosa, pero no en la práctica AF moderada o caminar. Los residentes del área metropolitana presentan mayores percepciones de desventajas urbanísticas que los residentes del casco urbano. Los residentes de los barrios del casco urbano perciben una mayor transitabilidad para los desplazamientos a pie que los residentes en los barrios del área metropolitana. Los participantes en los barrios del área metropolitana perciben una menor cercanía a las principales instalaciones e infraestructuras deportivas, que las personas del casco urbano y coinciden con ser los que menos actividad fisica moderada y vigorosa han declarado. La cercanía con las principales instalaciones de servicios y comercios influye con la práctica de la actividad fisica, pero no necesariamente con la cercanía de los espacios deportivos. Conclusiones. Las características de los barrios estudiados influyen en los niveles de actividad fisica que practica esta población, y los residentes de los barrios localizados en la zona de pedanía o metropolitana de Murcia perciben una mayor precepción de desventajas urbanísticas para poder realizar actividad fisica que los residentes en los barrios localizados en el casco urbano. Estos resultados sugieren que seria necesario considerar dichos aspectos para elaborar políticas urbanísticas que ayuden a aumentar la actividad fisica en los barrios menos urbanizados.
Open Access
Actividad física, comportamientos sedentarios y condición física en escolares latinos
(2020) Prieto Benavides, Daniel Humberto; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
La presente tesis tiene como eje fundamental estudiar la relación de la actividad física, condición física, y conductas sedentarias, en niños y adolescentes de dos cohortes de países de América del Sur (Colombia y Chile). Se ha propuesto en recientes estudios epidemiológicos, que los comportamientos sedentarismos (como tiempo de exposición a pantallas) se relaciona con el incremento de distintos factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV), que a su vez se asocian a enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) como hipertensión, dislipemia e insulinorresistencia. Adicionalmente, los comportamientos sedentarios y la baja condición física se han relacionado con un menor desempeño escolar, trastornos del sueño, problemas de interacción social e incluso con la aparición temprana de enfermedades crónicas. Por estas razones, se hace necesario evaluar esta relaciones de la condición física y las conductas sedentarias en niños y adolescentes y plantear estrategia que prevengan la aparición temprana de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esta tesis doctoral se basa en dos estudios científicos que han sido publicados en revistas científicas internacionales. En el primer estudio, nuestro objetivo fue examinar la relación entre los niveles de actividad física (AF) de forma objetiva, la condición física (CF) y el tiempo de exposición a pantallas en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia. El segundo estudio tuvo dos objetivos: identificar la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria (CRF) estimada por la prueba de campo del test de ida y vuelta de 20 m (20 mSRT) diferenciadas entre fenotipos 'saludables' y 'no saludables' (por medidas de composición corporal) en adolescentes; y evaluar la asociación entre la obesidad y el consumo pico de oxígeno relativo (VO2pico) en una muestra grande y diversa de jóvenes latinoamericanos.
Open Access
Actores colectivos y modelos de conflicto en el estado de bienestar
(Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 1993) Colom González, Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
La dinámica histórica del "Estado de bienestar", su tan anunciada crisis y su no menos incierto futuro, puede ser mejor comprendida si se la concibe como el fruto de una determinada constelación histórica de estrategias organizativas, frentes de conflicto y actores colectivos. Esa constelación permite configurarlo teóricamente como un espacio político en el que confluyen tres modelos distintos de confrontación de intereses: los del capital y del trabajo, los de la politica institucionalizada y los expresados en formas extrainstitucionales de protesta. De su capacidad institucional para resolver esos tipos de conflicto, así como del recíproco ajuste de equilibrio entre sus escenarios, depende en buena medida el futuro político de los Estados de bienestar.
Open Access
Acute and time-course changes in hemodynamic and physical performance parameters following single and multiple resistance training sets in cognitively impaired individuals: a randomized crossover study
(Elsevier, 2025-01-23) Fonseca, Nuno; Esteves, Dulce; Marques, Diogo Luís ; Faíl, Luís Brandão; Sousa, Tiago ; Pamplona Pinto, Mafalda ; Neiva, Henrique P.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Marqués, Mário C.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This study analyzed the acute and time-course changes following one resistance training (RT) set (1SET) and three sets (3SET) on hemodynamic and physical performance parameters in individuals with different cognitive impairment levels. Thirty-nine individuals (22 women and 17 men aged 80 ± 9 years) grouped by cognitive impairment (mild [MILD], moderate [MOD], and severe [SEV]) randomly performed two protocols, each separated by one week, of 1SET or 3SET of 10 repetitions. Before (PRE), immediately (POST), and 72 h after (POST72) protocols, the participants performed the following measurements: systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), 1-kg medicine ball throw (MBT) distance, five-repetition sit-to-stand (STS) time, and handgrip strength (HGS). A three-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed no significant differences between 1SET and 3SET on SBP, DBP, HR, STS, MBT, and HGS in any group at any time (all p ¿ 0.05). SEV increased SBP and HR from PRE to POST and decreased STS time after 3SET. From POST to POST72, all groups decreased SBP after both protocols, and SEV improved STS time after 3SET and HGS following both protocols. Furthermore, from PRE to POST72, MILD decreased SBP, while SEV improved HGS following 1SET and STS time following 3SET. These findings demonstrate that single and multiple sets cause acute hemodynamic changes, with a tendency to reduce SBP within 72 h. Additionally, individuals with worse cognitive function showed greater adaptive responses over time in physical performance, with 1SET improving HGS and 3SET enhancing STS performance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06185010
Open Access
Acute effect of high-intensity interval training on postprandial glycemia in overweight and obese individuals: a scoping review
(MDPI, 2025-04-17) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; González, David Alejandro; Ordóñez-Mora, Leidy Tatiana; Atencio Osorio, Miguel Alejandro; Triana Reina, Héctor Reynaldo; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background/Objectives: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an effective strategy for mitigating postprandial glycemia in overweight or obese individuals. This scoping review aims to examine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted between 2008 and 2024 that evaluated the impact of HIIT on acute postprandial glycemic response. Methods: A comprehensive search strategy was employed using terms such as “high-intensity interval training (HIIT)” and “postprandial glycemia”, combined with Boolean operators, with no restrictions on study type. Electronic databases searched included PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science from their inception through 2024. Of the 67 studies that met the inclusion criteria, five RCTs were selected for final analysis. All selected studies involved individuals with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25. Results: Each of the five included RCTs featured at least one HIIT intervention group, with variations in frequency, duration, intensity, and testing protocols. Despite differences in glucose tolerance test timelines, the glucose-loading protocol (75 g) and exercise interventions demonstrated minimal heterogeneity across studies. The findings suggest that short-term HIIT interventions may positively influence acute postprandial glycemic responses in overweight and obese populations. Conclusions: Short-term HIIT appears to be a promising intervention for improving postprandial glycemic control in individuals with elevated BMI. Future research is warranted to further elucidate both the acute and long-term effects of HIIT, particularly the role of skeletal muscle in regulating systemic glucose levels in this population.
Open Access
Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults: the brainfit study
(Frontiers Media, 2018) Domínguez Sánchez, María Andrea; Bustos Cruz, Rosa H.; Velasco Orjuela, Gina P.; Quintero, Andrea P.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18–30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., < 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of <600 MET min/week for >6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85–95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75–85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12–15 repetitions per set, at 50–70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5–76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3–2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6–41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3–53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols.
Open Access
Acute effects of high-intensity interval training session and endurance exercise on pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory coupling
(Wiley, 2020) Andrade, David C.; Arce Álvarez, Alexis; Parada, Felipe; Vásquez Muñoz, Manuel; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise and endurance exercise (EE) on pulmonary function, sympathetic/parasympathetic balance, and cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) in healthy participants. Using a crossover repeated-measurements design, four females and four males were exposed to EE (20 min at 80% maximal heart rate [HR]), HIIT (1 min of exercise at 90% maximal HR per 1 min of rest, 10 times), or control condition (resting). Pulmonary function, HR, CRC, and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed before and after the interventions. Results revealed no significant effects of EE or HIIT on pulmonary function. The EE, but not HIIT, significantly increased CRC. In contrast, HRV was markedly changed by HIIT, not by EE. Indeed, both the low-frequency (LFHRV) and high-frequency (HFHRV) components of HRV were increased and decreased, respectively, after HIIT. The increase in LFHRV was greater after HIIT than after EE. Therefore, a single bout of HIIT or EE has no effects on pulmonary function. Moreover, CRC and cardiac autonomic regulation are targeted differently by the two exercise modalities.
Open Access
Acute endocrine and force responses and long-term adaptations to same-session combined strength and endurance training in women
(National Strength and Conditioning Association, 2016) Eklund, Daniela; Schumann, Moritz; Kraemer, William J.; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Taipale, Ritva S.; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
This study examined acute hormone and force responses and strength and endurance performance and muscle hypertrophy before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined strength and endurance training in previously untrained women. Subjects were assigned 1 of 2 training orders: endurance preceding strength (E + S, n = 15) or vice versa (S + E, n = 14). Acute force and hormone responses to a combined loading (continuous cycling and a leg press protocol in the assigned order) were measured. Additionally, leg press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), maximal workload during cycling (Wmax), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed. Loading-induced decreases in force were significant (p < 0.01–0.001) before (E + S = 20 ± 11%, S + E = 18 ± 5%) and after (E + S = 24 ± 6%, S + E = 22 ± 8%) training. Recovery was completed within 24 hours in both groups. The acute growth hormone (GH) response was significantly (p < 0.001) higher after S + E than E + S at both weeks 0 and 24. Testosterone was significantly (p < 0.001) elevated only after the S + E loading at week 24 but was not significantly different from E + S. Both groups significantly (p < 0.001) improved 1RM (E + S = 13 ± 12%, S + E = 16 ± 10%), Wmax (E + S = 21 ± 10%, S + E = 16 ± 12%), and CSA (E + S = 15 ± 10%, S + E = 11 ± 8%). This study showed that the acute GH response to combined endurance and strength loadings was significantly larger in S + E compared with E + S both before and after 24 weeks of same-session combined training. Strength and endurance performance and CSA increased to similar extents in both groups during 24 weeks despite differences in the kinetics of GH. Previously untrained women can improve performance and increase muscle CSA using either exercise order.
Open Access
Acute metabolic responses to sprint interval training in individuals with overweight and obesity: the EXERMET study
(2025) Carrillo Arango, Hugo Alejandro; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Alonso Martínez, Alicia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Estudio I (Capítulo I) Las pruebas científicas emergentes indican de forma consistente que el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) es una estrategia eficaz para mitigar la glucemia posprandial en individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad. El objetivo de esta revisión de alcance fue examinar los ensayos controlados aleatorios realizados entre 2008 y 2024 que evaluaron el impacto del ejercicio de alta intensidad sobre la respuesta glucémica postprandial aguda. La estrategia de búsqueda empleó términos clave como entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) y glucemia posprandial, utilizando operadores booleanos sin restricciones de tipo de estudio. Las bases de datos consultadas incluyeron PUBMED, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Taylor & Francis y ScienceDirect. De los 67 estudios que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 5 para el análisis final. Estos estudios investigaron la glucemia postprandial y las intervenciones HIIT en individuos con un índice de masa corporal (IMC) ≥ 25. Estudio II (Capítulo II) Existen evidencias que respaldan que el entrenamiento agudo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) podría mejorar las respuestas metabólicas ante la glucosa posprandial, aunque los resultados son inconclusos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar los efectos del SIT agudo en la respuesta metabólica y la utilización de sustratos en individuos con sobrepeso/obesidad tras una carga oral de glucosa de 75 gramos. Treinta y tres participantes con sobrepeso/obesidad (32.7 ± 8.3 años, 24 hombres, 9 mujeres) participaron en el estudio siguiendo un diseño cruzado. Después de la carga de glucosa de 75 gramos, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a dos grupos: sin ejercicio (reposo) o protocolo de SIT. Se recogieron datos metabólicos, incluyendo el cociente respiratorio (RQ) y las tasas de utilización de sustratos (grasas y carbohidratos), utilizando el calorímetro COSMED QNRG+. Estudio 3 (Capítulo III) La investigación limitada se ha llevado a cabo para investigar las variaciones en la respuesta al entrenamiento agudo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) basadas en las diferencias de sexo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo explorar el impacto del sexo biológico en la respuesta metabólica sistémica al SIT. Se planteó la hipótesis de que las respuestas metabólicas agudas al SIT difieren entre hombres y mujeres. Adultos sedentarios con exceso de adiposidad, definida por un porcentaje de grasa corporal >30% (hombres n=15 y mujeres n=14), fueron emparejados por edad (32.8 ± 7.5 versus 29.5 ± 6.5 años) y masa grasa corporal (33.0 ± 6.9 versus 33.2 ± 6.8 %). Después de una carga de glucosa de 75 gramos, los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a un grupo sin ejercicio (reposo) o a un grupo de intervalos de sprint (SIT) (8 × 30 s de esfuerzos ciclistas 'a fondo' contra una resistencia del 5% de la masa corporal, intercalados con 1 min de recuperación). Los parámetros evaluados incluyeron el cociente respiratorio (RQ), las tasas de utilización de sustratos (grasas y carbohidratos), el gasto energético y los niveles de lactato y glucosa en sangre.