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Publication Open Access Control of respiration and color modification on minimally processed potatoes by means of low and high O2/CO2 atmospheres(Elsevier, 2008) Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Virseda Chamorro, Paloma; Fernández García, Teresa; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien Teknologia; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertistate PublikoaThis study has demonstrated the potential of several controlled atmospheres for reducing the respiration rate and browning in minimally processed potatoes (cv. Monalisa) during a 14-day storage period at 4 ◦C. The gas combinations tested were 2.5/0, 2.5/5, 5/0, 5/10, 10/0, 10/10, 80/0, 80/10, 80/20, 90/0, and 90/10 (kPa O2/kPa CO2; N2 balance). Compared to the control atmosphere (synthetic air), minimally processed potatoes stored under the controlled atmosphere composed of 80 kPa O2/10–20 kPa CO2 afforded the best results in terms of reduced respiration rates (−68% RO2 and −84% RCO2), antibrowning activity (−35% in total surface color change), and mechanical properties (−37% potato hardening) after storage at 4 ◦C for 14 days. Significant decreases in acidity (higher pH values) compared to the fresh product were found at the end of the storage in the minimally processed potatoes stored under low O2/high CO2 and high O2/high–low CO2 conditions. In contrast, dry matter determinations showed no water losses in any of the experimental gas treatment batches.Publication Open Access Grape seed extract: additive and functional ingredient(Teknoscienze, 2013) Davidov Pardo, Gabriel; Arozarena Martinicorena, Íñigo; Marín Arroyo, Remedios; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODPublication Open Access Color, phenolics, and antioxidant activity of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.), blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth.), and apple wines from Ecuador(Wiley, 2013) Ortíz, Jacqueline; Marín Arroyo, Remedios; Noriega Domínguez, María José; Navarro Huidobro, Montserrat; Arozarena Martinicorena, Íñigo; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaSeventy wines were produced in Ecuador under different processing conditions with local fruits: Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth.) and blueberries (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth.) and Golden Reinette apples. Wines were evaluated for antioxidant activity (AA) using the radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) method, total phenolic content (TPC) using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, total monomeric anthocyanins (TMAs) using the pH differential test, and color parameters using VIS-spectrophotometry. For blackberry wines, ellagitannins and anthocyanins were also analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Apples wines (n=40) hadthe lowest TPC (608±86 mg/L) and AA (2.1±0.3 mM Trolox). Blueberry wines (n=12) had high TPC (1086±194 mg/L) and moderate AA (5.4±0.8 mM) but very low TMA (8±3 mg/L), with a color evolved toward yellow and blue shades. Blackberry wines (n=10) had the highest TPC (1265±91 mg/L) and AA (12±1 mM). Ellagitannins were the major phenolics (1172±115 mg/L) and correlated well with AA (r=0.88). Within anthocyanins (TMA73±16 mg/L), cyanidin-3-rutinoside (62%) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (15%) were predominant. Wines obtained by cofermentation of apples and blackberries (n=8) showed intermediate characteristics (TPC 999±83 mg/L, AA 6.2±0.7 mM, TMA 35±22 mg/L) between the blackberry and blueberry wines. The results suggest that the Andean berries,particularly R. glaucus, are suitable raw materials to produce wines with anin vitroantioxidant capacity that is comparable to red grape wines.Publication Open Access Effect of fermentation and roasting on the phenolic concentration and antioxidant activity of cocoa from Nicaragua(Wiley, 2014) Suazo, Yader; Davidov Pardo, Gabriel; Arozarena Martinicorena, Íñigo; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaThe aim of this work was to quantify the changes in the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) and color hue (CH) of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans of group Trinitario from Nicaragua after fermentation and roasting. Cocoa beans with three different grades of fermentation (nonfermented, poorly fermented and fermented) were put under three different roasting temperatures (110, 130 and 150C). The kinetics of the roasting at 130C for 60 min was also studied. After each treatment, TPC, AA and CH were determined. For all the quantified parameters, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between fermentations and roasting conditions. TPC and AA showed decrease with fermentations and CH showed increases. Roasting decreased TPC except for the 150C treatment, while AA and CH increased. When studying the kinetics at 130C, TPC showed greater reductions with longer treatments while AA and CH showed increases.Publication Open Access Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) quality as affected by harvest maturity and storage conditions(Elsevier, 2017) Horvitz Szoichet, Sandra Susana; Chanaguano, Diana; Arozarena Martinicorena, Íñigo; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaMaturity stage at harvest and storage conditions are critical factors determining fruit postharvest quality. Physicochemical (fruit size, mass loss, color, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity), microbiological (total aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophes, and yeasts and molds) and sensory quality of Andean blackberries harvested at two maturity stages and stored under room (18 ± 2 °C) and cold storage (8 ± 1 °C) was studied. Total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and organic acids content, and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. The more mature fruit was classified as “big”, according to the Ecuadorian Standard and showed lower acidity and higher total soluble solids, anthocyanins content and sensory scores compared with the fruit harvested earlier, whilst maturity at harvest did not affect the microbial counts of any of the groups studied. Cold storage was effective in delaying weight loss, softening and microbial growth and also in maintaining a better sensory quality of the blackberries. What’s more, under refrigeration it was possible to extend the shelf-life of the fruit to up to 8 d. The main limiting factors for shelf-life were microbial growth and loss of firmness at room storage and cold storage, respectively. Based on these results, it would be advisable to harvest the fruit at maturity stage 5 in order to achieve an appropriate fruit size, a high anthocyanin concentration, a better sugars/ acids equilibrium, and a better sensory quality and the fruit should be maintained under refrigerated storage.Publication Open Access Study of modified atmosphere packaging on the quality of ozonated freeze-dried chicken meat(Elsevier, 2016) Zouaghi, Ferdaous; Cantalejo Díez, María Jesús; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien Teknologia; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions on the physicochemical and sensory properties of ozonated freeze-dried chicken meat stored at 21 ± 1 °C for 28 days. To this end, 14 MAP treatments were performed to obtain the most suitable packaging atmosphere.High concentrations of O2in MAP promoted loss of redness and increased the pH values. Moreover, when the concentration of CO2in MAP was more than 40%, high values of textural parameters and low scores of sensory hardness and chewiness were achieved. The 20%CO2/80%N2 gas combination was found to be the most effective treatment for best maintaining the physicochemical and sensory quality of ozonated dried chicken samples similar to that of raw meat.Publication Open Access Combined effects of ozone and freeze-drying on the shelf-life of Broiler chicken meat(Elsevier, 2016) Cantalejo Díez, María Jesús; Zouaghi, Ferdaous; Pérez Arnedo, María Irache; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaThe effects of ozone on the shelf-life extension of freeze-dried chicken meat fillets stored at 21 ± 1 C were investigated. The samples were exposed to gaseous ozone with three ozone concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.72 ppm during 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. The shelf-life of the ozonated freeze-dried chicken meat samples was determined using both microbiological and sensory analyses during 8 months of storage. Ozone and lyophilisation (Combined treatments) were shown to be valid in retarding the growth of most microbial groups from the first month of storage. High microbial counts were found in frozen meat from month 6 onwards, with total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) counts above 7 log cfu/g and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts above 5 log cfu/g, whereas decreases of 6.8 and 4.77 log cfu/g for TAMB and LAB counts were reported in combined treated samples when compared with untreated meat (frozen meat). Also, 3.26 and 1.41-log reductions were observed with respect to non-ozonated freeze-dried meat (trt-0). Regarding sensory characteristics, the combined use of ozone and lyophilisation would be useful in extending the shelf-life of raw chicken breast meat up to 8 months, whilst the samples treated only with lyophilisation showed a 4 month shelf-life.Publication Open Access Effect of antimicrobial edible coatings and modified atmosphere packaging on the microbiological quality of cold stored hake (Merluccius merluccius) fillets(Hindawi / Wiley, 2018) Carrión Granda, Ximena; Fernández Pan, Idoya; Rovira, Jordi; Maté Caballero, Juan Ignacio; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaThe effect of whey protein isolate (WPI) coatings incorporated with essential oils (EOs) and combined with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the microbiological quality of fresh hake fillets was evaluated. Fresh hake fillets were coated with different formulations of WPI-EO coatings and packaged under air and MAP conditions (50% CO2/45% N2/5% O2).When WPI-enriched films were applied with or without the presence of MAP over hake fillets with a high initial microbial population, a limited but significant effect on the microbial growth was observed. This effect was more intense on Enterobacteriaceae and H2S-producing bacteria. When hake fillets with lower initial microbial counts were treated, a more intense antimicrobial effect was observed and a synergistic effect between WPI-EO coatings and MAP was detected. A significant extension of the lag phase and reduction, primarily, on the total viable counts and H2S-producing bacteria, was detected, doubling the shelf-life of hake fillets compared with control samples.The initial microbial load of the samples is a key factor influencing the effectiveness of the treatment.The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of this combined strategy as a promising alternative for enhancing the microbial quality of fish products during storage at refrigeration temperatures.Publication Open Access Qualidade pós-colheita de cerejas cv. Ambrunés utilizando coberturas comestíveis(Sociedade Brasileira de Fruticultura, 2006) Carvalho Filho, C. D.; Honorio, Sylvio Luis; Moure Gil, José; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaThe objective of this study was evaluate the quality of cherries cv Ambrunés (cherries perforated) covered with edible coatings based on zeina and carnaúba wax emulsion, appliied in the form of immersion and pulverization and storage in controlled environ ment with temperature 5 ºC ± 0,5 ºC and humidity 90 - 95 %. The parameters used to evaluate the quality of the fruits were: soluble solid, titratable acidity, loss of weight, soluble solid relation / titratable total acidity and fungal deterioration. The fruits were evaluated until the 52nd day of conservation. The treatment that used the emulsion carnaúba wax was superior in all of the parameters when compared with the control fruits and the fruits coatings with zeina. The coating based on zeína provoked an acceleration in the ripening of the fruits and presented fungal deterioration since the 24th day storage. It was also noticed that this form of cherries without the peduncle (cherries perforated) commercialization, represents a bigger possibility of fungal contamination trought the injured area. The emulsion of carnaúba wax retarded the deterioration until the 45th day of conservation, showed while the better treatment.Publication Open Access Bean moisture diffusivity and drying kinetics: a comparison of the liquid diffusion model when taking into account and neglecting grain shrinkage(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2007) Resende, O.; Correa, P. C.; Jarén Ceballos, Carmen; Moure Gil, José; Proyectos e Ingeniería Rural; Landa Ingeniaritza eta Proiektuak; Tecnología de Alimentos; Elikagaien TeknologiaEl objetivo de este trabajo fue ajustar el modelo de difusión líquida para predecir las pérdidas de volumen de grano en el secado de judía (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Se recolectaron granos de judía con una humedad del 0,92 y se sometieron a un proceso de secado, bajo condiciones controladas, a diferentes temperaturas entre 25 y 55°C y humedades relativas entre 20 y 75%. El volumen de cada grano, considerado como una esfera, fue obtenido utilizando como diámetro el promedio de las tres diagonales principales durante el proceso del secado. Las pérdidas de volumen de grano se determinaron por la relación entre el contenido de agua inicial y final. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el modelo de difusión representa satisfactoriamente la cinética del secado de la judía, y que tiene en cuenta las pérdidas de volumen del grano. El coeficiente de difusión, con valores comprendidos entre 10,8 × 10(-10) y 67,0 × 10(-10) m(2) s(-1), aumenta con la temperatura. La variación del coeficiente de difusión con la temperatura puede ser descrita por la expresión de Arrhenius, con una energía de activación de 40,08 kJ mol(-1).