Open Access
Technology transfer activities of universities and research institutes - Open Innovation Model - Case of Navarre
(2012) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
The company survey falls within the scope of the EURIS-ORP subproject, co-financed by the European Union’s Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the INTERREG IV c programme. The objective of the survey is to ascertain to what extent the technology transfer activities of universities and research institutes conform to the open innovation model. Additionally, the survey seeks to appraise what role higher education and research institutions play in the regional innovation system. To this end, 73 telephone interviews have been conducted with heads of R&D departments of companies with previous collaboration ties with Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) or having received aid for R&D projects from public administrations.
Open Access
Harmony in diversity: unraveling the global impact of K-Pop through social media and fandom dynamics
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-04-04) Gutiérrez Jauregi, Alaitz; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gómez Cámara, Irene; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Economía; Ekonomia; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
South Korean pop culture, K-Pop, is a global cultural force driven by catchy melodies, exceptional vocal abilities, captivating dance movements, and active social media engagement. This study explores the global dissemination of K-Pop, focusing on the role of social media and fan communities in examining cultural impact, fan dynamics, and transformative potential. Key research inquiries address fan engagement¿s contribution to global dissemination, challenges to cultural norms, the influence of fan characteristics on social media behavior, and transformative impacts on societal issues. Organized into four parts, the research delves into the evolution of K-Pop, conducts a literature review on K-Pop fandom, analyses characteristics of K-Pop fandom members per their perceptions, and surveys 315 enthusiasts on engagement dynamics, idol influence, and fandom¿s role in social and political initiatives. Findings reveal the intricate evolution of K-Pop, highlighting social media¿s role in forming emotional connections and shaping fan behavior. The study concludes that K-Pop operates as a dynamic cultural force challenging norm, with fan engagement playing a pivotal role in dissemination, societal impact, shaping narratives, and addressing social issues. Originality is found in the holistic approach, theoretical frameworks, and a comprehensive survey, offering a distinctive understanding of the K-Pop phenomenon and its fan community.
Open Access
e-Bridge to mobility: a non-formal online learning European platform
(Information Science Reference, 2012) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Galarza-Lanz, Juan Ramón; Mañas-Larraz, Marta; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
e-Bridge to mobility is a platform designed to encourage a more prospective future for people from Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Romania. The objective of this project is to promote mobility to the UK, Germany, and Spain, by offering education, via English, German, and Spanish language courses; practical information about the UK, Germany, and Spain; and membership in an e-community. The project is aimed at people who seek employment in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Spain. Its main goal is teaching English, German, and Spanish, and gaining knowledge about the country that the project participant intends to visit. The products and information regarding country-specific characteristics of UK, Germany, and Spain are complementary to the course. e-Bridge supports adjustment to the requirements of the European job market, and its users have the opportunity to learn a foreign language with the aid of innovative communication tools, such as the Internet and mobile phones.
Open Access
El nuevo instrumento "Next Generation EU": reseña
(Ministerio de Industria, Energía y Turismo, 2023) Barrio Saralegui, Cristina; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El libro es capaz de analizar desde una perspectiva crítica la definición e implementación de los Fondos NGEU y su correspondiente plan español, el PRTR, con especial hincapié en la dimensión ambiental, la transición energética y el acceso de las PYMES.
Open Access
Spread the word – The effect of word of mouth in e-marketing
(De Gruyter, 2017) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Word of mouth (WOM) is an extraordinary mechanism with which to spread information and disinformation. There is an interaction between WOM and eWOM, creating different channels for the dissemination of information. However, this information cannot be controlled by marketers; at least this is seldom the case. Positive and negative comments are found in eWOM and they have a powerful influence on credibility, trust and persuasiveness, where influ- encers play a main role. Brand reputation is shaped by the flow of information and disinformation on the Internet. Social networks are a real tool with which to create and place information. A comment may greatly benefit consumers, pre- venting uncertainty and boosting sales. eWOM disseminates both information and disinformation, and so internet users and marketers are faced with the problem of how to turn this to their own benefi
Open Access
Instagram's marketing strategy of the main fast fashion brands: best practices to improve customer engagement
(IGI Global, 2023) Martinicorena-Goñi, Naiara; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
About 1,000 million users are active on Instagram monthly, and the number of daily users is 500 million. Fifty percent of Instagrammers follow at least one business account, and 130 million Instagrammers tap on a shopping post to learn about products offered in the app every month. Moreover, more than 200 million Instagrammers visit at least one business profile every day. The objective of the study is to assess the Instagram strategy of four of the main fast fashion brands: Zara, H&M, Mango, and Forever 21. Results show videos achieve 3.88 times more engagement than pictures. The effect of the shopping bag tool, which has been recently introduced, is very promising: the pictures with the shopping bag tool achieved a 121.03% higher average. The authors also found spontaneity increases engagement, while Zara, H&M, and Mango posts experienced an increase in the average likes in the pictures that had faces in them.
Open Access
Guest editorial: introduction to special issue on "History of marketing in Spain", part I
(Emerald, 2024) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Ruiz Moreno, Felipe; Martínez-Ruiz, María Pilar; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa
Special issue of the Journal of Historical Research in Marketing (JHRM) on “History of Marketing in Spain” – part I. A thorough exploration into the intricate history of marketing in Spain in several fields is presented, especially in the context of tourism. The exploration goes beyond a chronological account, aiming to spotlight the lasting impact of Generation X – a generation that has witnessed and influenced the evolution of marketing practices in Spain. Besides, an analysis of the history of marketing in Spain would not be complete without contemplating the future. As we stand on the cusp of new economic, technological, and societal changes, understanding our past becomes a compass for navigating the complexities of the marketing landscape in the years to come.
Open Access
Green products in the fashion industry: consumer segmentation to develop communication campaigns
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-12-16) Martínez Huete, Laura; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The rise of green awareness due to the environmental challenges the world faces has enhanced consumers' consciousness of, and attitudes toward green products. This study explores consumers' perceptions of green fashion products by analyzing consumer profiles. A cluster analysis differentiated four consumer segments with divergent demographic and behavioral features. Antigreeners, green followers, green professionals and supergreeners differ in green fashion awareness and their level of understanding of the benefits, challenges, enablers and attitudes of using green products. Overall, extensive ignorance of green fashion products was found, particularly among antigreeners and green followers, which should incentivize fashion companies to increase green fashion awareness and position their green fashion brands in this niche market. The present study helps bridge the research gap about consumers' buying behavior regarding green fashion products. Considering the fashion industry's global standing as one of the most polluting yet profitable sectors, this analysis offers valuable insights into the Circular Economy Action Plan of the European Green Deal.
Open Access
The power of persuasion: exploring the relationship between advertising and nuclear energy in Spain
(Emerald, 2024-12-09) Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Rubio Varas, María del Mar; Torre Campo, Joseba de la; Economía; Ekonomia; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA2023–11931
Purpose: this study aims to examine how the nuclear energy issue was used for advertising purposes at the dawn of the atomic era in Spain. Design/methodology/approach: newspapers and magazines from the atomic era were reviewed to assess the impact of nuclear energy on advertising campaigns for all kinds of unrelated products. This study interprets the message and information contained in several marketing campaigns from the detonation of the first nuclear bomb in 1945 until the inauguration of the first nuclear facility in Spain in 1968. Findings: private companies leapt at the chance to use the new technology, with its promises of a brighter future, to promote their products, including watches, Venetian blinds, anisette, chocolates, pencils and fountain pens, spa resorts, books and encyclopaedias, laundry detergents, pressure cookers, concentrate feeds and hair restorers. This study makes a major contribution to the history of marketing literature, focusing on nuclear energy as an influential agent in industry, advertising agencies and popular culture. It shows how advertising campaigns used terms such as 'nuclear', 'atomic' and 'atomic bomb' and images of mushroom clouds or atom symbols to denote modernity and allure and explores how government policies - in this case, concerning nuclear energy - can influence marketers and advertisers. Originality/value: the paper's originality stems from its analysis of Spanish advertisements to explore marketing history through the terms and imagery associated with nuclear energy and its industry. It further contributes to the understanding of how nuclear energy is represented and conceptualised for various purposes in popular culture.
Open Access
Perception of technology use, online safety, and advertising among minors
(IGI Global, 2025) Gutiérrez Jauregi, Alaitz; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Alarcón López, Rocío; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The spread of communication technology has transformed socialization, with Spain consistently exceeding the European average in internet access¿Navarra notably leads in connectivity. However, excessive internet use, particularly among youth, poses challenges. Responsibility for minors' tech use extends beyond parents to society and institutions. This study uses quantitative research on a representative sample of minors, analysing both perceived and actual usage, and the role of social agents in shaping internet habits and safety perceptions. Results highlight the importance of social context in digital habits, revealing links between safety perceptions, parental control, and technology norms. The study also explores perceptions of online advertising, emphasizing the need to raise privacy awareness and regulate ads targeting minors, offering insights into youth digital consumption challenges.