Open Access
The use of concentrates rich in orange by-products in goat feed and its effects on physico-chemical, textural, fatty acids, volatile compounds and sensory characteristics of the meat of suckling kids
(MDPI, 2020) Guzmán, José Luis; Delgado Pertíñez, M.; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Pino, Rafael; Zarazaga, Luis Ángel; Horcada, Alberto; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
We analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. Three experimental diets for mother goats were designed. The DOP-0 diet contained commercial concentrates and alfalfa hay. In the DOP-40 and DOP-80 diets, 40% and 80% (respectively) of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced with pellets of DOP (the alfalfa hay component was unchanged). We evaluated the chemical composition, texture, water holding capacity, colour, fatty acids (FAs) profile, volatile compounds, and sensorial appraisal of the meat from 30 male suckling kids (cold carcass weight 4.74 kg, 4.82 kg, and 4.65 kg for DOP-0, DOP-40, and DOP-80, respectively) of the Payoya breed (n = 10 for each diet). Meat from kids in the DOP-40 and DOP-80 groups exhibited characteristics favourable for human health, including the meat’s thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio (0.60 index), and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio (approximately 7.50). The meat also exhibited reduced MUFA content (around 460 mg/100 g fresh meat). An increase in ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide and heptane was observed in grilled meat from goats that were fed using DOP. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the kid’s meat.
Open Access
Influencia de la maduración y el tipo de cocinado en la valoración sensorial y el perfil de compuestos aromáticos del cruce industrial de raza Retinta
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2019) Panea Doblado, Begoña; Ripoll, Guillermo; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Sañudo Astiz, Carlos; Albertí, P.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
Se estudió el efecto del tiempo de maduración y tipo de cocinado sobre la valoración sensorial y el perfil de los compuestos aromáticos de la carne de animales de los cruces de toros de las razas Retinta, Limousine, Pirenaica y Asturiana de los Valles con vacas Retintas. Se utilizaron dos paneles, uno para el efecto de la maduración y otro para el tipo de cocinado. El entrenamiento de los catadores y la temperatura de cocinado fueron idénticos en ambos casos, aunque los perfiles difieren entre sí. En la valoración sensorial no se encontraron interacciones entre efectos. El cruce sólo afectó a la terneza, siendo la carne de Pirenaica x Retinta y Retinta x Retinta algo más dura. La terneza, el flavor a hígado y el flavor ácido aumentaron con la maduración, al contrario que la jugosidad. El tipo de cocinado afectó a la terneza y a la facilidad al tragar, estando ambas variables inversamente correlacionadas. Se identificaron 50 compuestos aromáticos. El cruce tuvo menos influencia que el tipo de cocinado y se encontró una interacción significativa entre efectos para 15 de los compuestos, especialmente hidrocarburos. El cruce afectó al porcentaje de alcoholes, compuestos azufrados y cetonas pero no al resto y el tipo de cocinado, a todos los compuestos. Los hidrocarburos y las cetonas presentaron mayores concentraciones que el resto. Para todos los grupos de compuestos excepto para los azufrados, las cantidades detectadas fueron mayores cuando el método de cocinado fue la cocción.
Open Access
Los alimentos: clasificación y valor nutricional (3)
(Eunate, 2024) Salmerón Egea, Jesús; Barcina Angulo, Yolanda; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura
En esta última parte sobre los alimentos se presentan dos grupos: el de las grasas y el misceláneo, un conjunto muy heterogéneo tanto en los tipos de alimentos que lo integran como en su composición química. El rasgo definitorio y común de este último grupo es que, desde el punto de vista de la nutrición, los correspondientes alimentos no tienen un aporte significativo de nutrientes (con la salvedad del agua) y por eso se puede prescindir de ellos en la dieta. No obstante, por razones culturales algunos están muy arraigados en la tradición gastronómica y, por tanto, se hará una revisión de los mismos.
Open Access
Caracterización de las 'Costillas de Palo' de cordero de raza Navarra. II. Composición en ácidos grasos
(Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU. Fundación Universitaria San Pablo-CEU, 2002) Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Horcada, Alberto; Gorraiz Olangua, María Cristina; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Induráin Báñez, Gregorio; Arana Navarro, Ana; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Se ha estudiado la composición en ácidos grasos de la grasa intramuscular y subcutánea de las costillas de palo de 23 corderos ternascos de raza Navarra. La grasa intramuscular presentó un 58,9% de ácidos grasos insaturados (AGI) y un 40,8% de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS). Los AGI mayoritarios fueron el oleico (C 18:1), el linoleico (C 18:2) y el araquidónico (C 20:4) que supusieron un 38,6, 7,3 y 8,5% respectivamente del total de ácidos grasos. Entre los AGS los mayoritarios fueron el palmítico (C 16:0) y el esteárico (C 18:0), los cuales supusieron un 29,7 y 13,7% respectivamente. La grasa subcutánea mostró un mayor contenido en AGS que la grasa intramuscular (47,7 vs 40,8%). Estas diferencias se reflejaron en la relación entre ácidos grasos poliinsaturados y saturados (AGP/AGS) que fue de 0,1 para la grasa subcutánea y de 0,5 para la grasa intramuscular.
Open Access
Grey water footprint as an indicator for diffuse nitrogen pollution: the case of Navarra, Spain
(Elsevier, 2019) Martínez Aldaya, Maite; Rodríguez, Corina Iris; Fernández Poulussen, Álex; Merchán Elena, Daniel; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Llamas, Ramón; Ingeniaritza; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ingeniería
Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth, while its application and associated pollution is a worldwide concern. Generally, diffuse source pollution and its impacts on ecosystem health are difficult to monitor and regulate. Here we used the grey water footprint (GWF) and water pollution level (WPL) indicators, based on a soil nitrogen balance approach to differentiate between surface and groundwater, in order to better understand and quantify the pressure that nitrogen fertilisation generates on freshwater. For the first time, we compared the results of these indicators with actual nitrogen concentration data in surface and groundwater bodies, showing in both cases a positive significant correlation according to Spearman correlation coefficient. This means that the theoretical WPL results might be valuable to anticipate and identify nitrate pollution in surface and groundwater bodies. However, several factors influence the N-related processes that should be considered, such as natural attenuation. We estimated the agricultural and livestock nitrogen loads delivered to freshwater and the associated GWFs and WPLs at the municipality level in Navarra. Large GWFs are observed in southern Navarra, particularly in intensive agricultural regions such as Ribera Alta-Aragón and Ribera Baja. We estimated that 64% of the GWF related to nitrogen loads came from artificial fertilisers, 16% from manure, 11% from atmospheric deposition and the remaining 9% from biological fixation, seeds and other organic fertilisers. Among the crops, cereals had the largest contribution to the nitrogen-related GWF (54%) followed by vegetables (17%) and fodder (11%).
Open Access
Efecto del peso de sacrificio en la calidad de la carne de cordero de raza Lacha
(SEOC, 1996) Horcada, Alberto; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Lizaso, G.; Chasco Ugarte, Julia Margarita; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Mendizábal Múgica, Francisco Javier; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
En 57 corderos machos de raza Lacha sacrificados con 12, 18, 24 y 36 kg de peso vivo (PV) y aproximadamente 25, 70, 90 y 130 días de edad respectivamente, se han determinado varios parámetros relacionados con la calidad de la carne (pH, Capacidad de retención de agua, dureza, contenido de mioglobina, y medidas físicas del color) y con la composición química (humedad, proteína total, grasa intramuscular y cenizas) del músculo longissimus dorsi. Así mismo, se ha estudiado la naturaleza y composición de la grasa intramuscular (IM) del músculo longissimus dorsi y de la grasa subcutánea (SC) que rodea al mismo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la carne procedente de los corderos de 24 kg ha presentado valores de pH final (pH24h) más elevados que la del resto de los pesos vivos (p<0,01), así como una mayor facilidad para desprender agua que la de los corderos sacrificados con 12 kg de PV (p<0,001). Con el incremento del peso de sacrificio se ha observado en el músculo longissimus dorsi un aumento del contenido de grasa IM (p<0,01), de mioglobina (p<0,01), del índice de rojo (coordenada a*) (p<0,001) y un descenso de la luminosidad (coordenada L*) (p<0,001). Respecto a la naturaleza de la grasa se ha observado que con el incremento del peso vivo, el valor de índice de yodo aumentó en la grasa SC (p<0,01), mientras que en la grasa IM disminuyó (p<0,001). Así mismo, se ha observado que en ambos depósitos grasos (IM y SC) el contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados totales aumentó (p<0,001) debido principalmente al incremento del porcentaje del ácido graso mayoritario oleico (C18:1) (p<0,001).
Open Access
Effect of including whole linseed and vitamin E in the diet of young bulls slaughtered at two fat covers on the sensory quality of beef packaged in two different packaging systems
(Wiley, 2017) Albertí, P.; Campo, María M.; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Ripoll, Guillermo; Sañudo Astiz, Carlos; Ciencias del Medio Natural; Natura Ingurunearen Zientziak
Background: Forty-six Pirenaica young bulls, slaughtered at two levels of fatness (3 and 4 mm), were used to evaluate theeﬀect of the inclusion of 50 g kg−1 linseed alone or with 200 IU vitamin E kg−1 in the concentrate and of the meat packaging system (vacuum or modiﬁed atmosphere packaging (MAP)) on the beef sensory quality. Results: The inclusion of linseed or supplementation with vitamin E in the concentrate induced no signiﬁcant diﬀerences in the main meat sensory scores and overall appraisal except under MAP, where small diﬀerences due to concentrate ingredients were found in juiciness and metallic ﬂavor intensity. Extending the display time up to 4 or 8 days in high-oxygen MAP had detrimental eﬀects on sensory attributes. Meat from animals with 4 mm fat cover depth were rated more tender and juicy, less ﬁbrous and with a higher intensity of beef ﬂavor and rancid odor than meat from 3 mm fat cover bulls when both samples were vacuum packaged. Conclusion: The inclusion of 50 g kg−1 linseed in the concentrate fed to bulls had no detrimental eﬀect on the beef sensory quality. The vacuum-packaged meat of bulls slaughtered at 4 mm fat cover was rated higher on sensory analysis than that at3 mm fat cover.
Open Access
Physicochemical and sensory properties of sous vide meat and meat analog products marinated and cooked at different temperature-time combinations
(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Gómez Bastida, Inmaculada; Ibáñez Moya, Francisco C.; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Ready-to-eat (RTE) products elaborated from beef and meat analog, previously marinated (teriyaki and beer), were subjected to sous vide cooking at different combinations of temperature (70ºC and 80ºC) and time (60, 90 and 120 min for beef; 90, 120 and 150 min for meat analog). The sous vide cooking at 80ºC led to less cooking losses. The shear force values were approximately 50% lower in meat analog samples than in beef samples. The L* and a* value and sensory properties related to odor and color were similar in meat and meat analog products.
Open Access
Application of MIR spectroscopy to the evaluation of chemical composition and quality parameters of foal meat: a preliminary study
(MDPI, 2020) Ruiz Darbonnens, Marta; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Beruete Díaz, Miguel; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Lorenzo, José M.; Sarriés Martínez, María Victoria; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
The aim of this work was to study the potential of mid-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate the chemical composition and quality parameters of foal meat according to differences based on slaughter ages and finishing diets. In addition, the wavelength ranges which contribute to this meat quality differentiation were also determined. Important characteristics as moisture and total lipid content were well predicted using Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) with Rv2 values of 82% and 66%, respectively. Regarding fatty acids, the best models were obtained for arachidonic, vaccenic, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with Rv2 values over 65%. Quality parameters, as instrumental colour and texture and sensory attributes did not reach high prediction coefficients (R2). With the spectra data of the region 2198–1118 cm-1, samples were accurately classified according to slaughter age (78%) and finishing diet (72%). This preliminary research shows the potential of MIR spectroscopy as an alternative tool to traditional meat chemical composition methods. Finally, the wavelength range of the spectrum from 2198 to 1118 cm-1 showed good results for classification purposes.
Open Access
Combined effect of high hydrostatic pressure, sous-vide cooking, and carvacrol on the quality of veal, plant-based, and hybrid patties during storage
(MDPI, 2023) Janardhanan, Rasmi; Olarte, Carmen; Sanz, Susana; Rota, Carmina; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
The effect of carvacrol added to patties stored at 4 ◦C for 14 days, previously pressurized and vacuum-cooked (HPP-SVCOOK), was investigated. Three formulations were prepared (veal, plant-based product, and hybrid product). An emulsion made with olive and linseed oils was added. The physicochemical and microbiological qualities were assessed. Microbial tests indicated negligible growth of spoilage organisms in treated patties. No significant effect of carvacrol on the microbial loads of patties was noticed. Sulfite-reducing clostridia and Enterobacteriaceae were absent in the treated patties, whereas, in the treated veal and hybrid samples, 3 and 2 units of log cfu/g reduction for lactic acid bacteria and molds and yeasts were noted, respectively. On day 7 of storage, veal patties exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the L* (53.9–49.3), hardness (32.3–21.4 N), springiness (0.8–0.7 N), cohesiveness (0.49–0.46), and chewiness (12.2–7.1) and a hike in the a* value (5.3–9.4). No significant changes in L* (59.1–58.6), a* (8.57–8.61), hardness (11.6–10.6 N), or cohesiveness (0.27–0.26) were observed in plant-based patties over the storage times, whereas reductions in springiness (0.5–0.4), chewiness (1.9–1.3), and b* (26.6–29.1) were noted in them. In hybrid patties, the L* (53.9–52.5) and b* values (24.9–24.3) were consistent but had a significant decrease in a* value (5.9–3.5) along the days of storage under study. The texture parameters of the hybrid patties altered were similar to those of veal patties during the 14-day storage time. In all samples, pH decreased with storage time. HPP-SVCOOK was effective on rendering safe and shelf-stable, ready-to-eat patties regardless of their matrix formulation. The addition of carvacrol had limited effects on the textural qualities of the HPP-SVCOOK products. Future studies need to be undertaken to assess the treated patties’ consumer acceptability and sensory profile. The study provides the basis for the development of novel meat-based and plant-based products that are microbiologically safe, with minimum physicochemical alterations during storage.