Open Access
Police as first reponders improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival
(BMC, 2023) Jean Louis, Clint; Cildoz Esquíroz, Marta; Echarri Sucunza, Alfredo; Beaumont, Carlos; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Greif, Robert; Baigorri Iguzquiaguirre, Miguel; Reyero Díez, Diego; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: Police forces are abundant circulating and might arrive before the emergency services to Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest victims. If properly trained, they can provide basic life support and early defibrillation within minutes, probably increasing the survival of the victims. We evaluated the impact of local police as first responders on the survival rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims in Navarra, Spain, over 7 years. Methods: A retrospective analysis of an ongoing Out-of-Hospital Cardiac registry to compare the characteristics and survival of Out-of-Hospital-Cardiac-Arrest victims attended to in first place by local police, other first responders, and emergency ambulance services between 2014 and 2020. Results: Of 628 cases, 73.7% were men (aged 68.9 ± 15.8), and 26.3% were women (aged 65,0 ± 14,7 years, p < 0.01). Overall survival of patients attended to by police in the first place was 17.8%, other first responders 17.4% and emergency services 13.5% with no significant differences (p > 0.1). Time to initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation is significant for survival. When police arrived first and started CPR before the emergency services, they arrived at a mean of 5.4 ± 3 min earlier (SD = 3.10). This early police intervention showed an increase in the probability of survival by 10.1%. Conclusions: The privileged location and the sole amount of personnel of local police forces trained in life support and their fast delivery of defibrillators as first responders can improve the survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims.
Open Access
Design exploration prior to blade multi-disciplinary optimisation
(IOP Publishing, 2018) Echeverría Durá, Fernando; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; San Miguel, Unai; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
The approach of designing blades as a multi-disciplinary, holistic optimisation implies significant challenges owing to the high complexity of the involved factors such as aerodynamics, elasticity, controller and loads. Moreover, the large number of design variables complicates the intuitive analysis of the relationship between the design variables and responses. This paper presents the design variable exploration prior to blade optimisation, which reveals certain design variable combinations that lead to undesirable dynamic load amplification. Statistical tools, such as multiple logistic regression and fast and frugal decision trees, are applied to identify the conditions causing the phenomenon and predict the possible appearance under new design variable combinations.
Open Access
Motor unit action potential duration, I: variability of manual and automatic measurements
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2007) Rodríguez Carreño, Ignacio; Gila Useros, Luis; Malanda Trigueros, Armando; García Gurtubay, Ignacio; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Gómez Elvira, Sagrario; Rodríguez Falces, Javier; Navallas Irujo, Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa
To analyze the variability in manual measurements of motor unit action potential (MUAP) duration and to evaluate the effectiveness of well-known algorithms for automatic measurement. Two electromyographists carried out three independent duration measurements of a set of 240 MUAPs. The intraexaminer and interexaminer variabilities were analyzed by means of the Gage Reproducibility and Repeatability method. The mean of the three closest manually marked positions was considered the gold standard of the duration markers positions (GSP). The results of four wellknown automatic methods for estimating MUAP duration were compared with the GSP. Manual measurements of duration showed a lot of variability, with the combined intraoperator and interoperator variability greater than 30%. The greatest difference between manual positions was 11.2 ms. The mean differences between the GSP and those obtained with the four automatic methods ranged between 0.6 and 8.5 ms. Both manual and automatic measurements of MUAP duration show a high degree of variability. More precise methods are needed to improve the accuracy and reliability of the estimates of this parameter.
Open Access
Modelado de la atención en consulta externa en un hospital público: una herramienta de gestión
(Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (Colombia), 2014) Gáfaro Rojas, Aurora Inés; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Azcárate Camio, Cristina; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa
Problema: aunque se dispone de herramientas que pueden apoyar la planificación de las actividades asistenciales, hasta el momento no existe una distribución de los servicios de atención en salud cuya estructura orgánica obtenga resultados óptimos, es decir, que garantice un flujo normal de pacientes sin generar colas excesiva, con tiempos de espera adecuados, disponibilidad apropiada de personal y directrices estratégicas de programas concretos, centrados en la concepción y organización de actividades de acuerdo con la demanda de la población atendida. Objetivo: describir y aplicar una herramienta para modelar el proceso de llegadas de pacientes en un hospital colombiano, encaminado al mejoramiento de la gestión organizacional. Método: este estudio corresponde a una investigación operativa que aplica un modelo de simulación. Resultado: se generó un modelo matemático útil en otros contextos similares para la generación de llegadas o análisis de la afluencia de pacientes.
Open Access
Dual staining for p 167Ki67 is a more specific test than cytology for triage of HPV-positive women
(Springer, 2018) Areán Cuns, Carolina; Mercado Gutiérrez, María R.; Paniello Alastruey, Irene; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Córdoba Iturriagagoitia, Alicia; Lozano Escario, María; Santamaría Martínez, Mercedes; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
Open Access
Dynamic mean absolute error as new measure for assessing forecasting errors
(Elsevier, 2018-02-14) Frías Paredes, Laura; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Gastón Romeo, Martín; León, Teresa; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Accurate wind power forecast is essential for grid integration, system planning, and electricity trading in certain electricity markets. Therefore, analyzing prediction errors is a critical task that allows a comparison of prediction models and the selection of the most suitable model. In this work, the temporal error and absolute magnitude error are simultaneously considered to assess the forecast error. The trade-off between both types of errors is computed, analyzed, and interpreted. Moreover, a new index, the dynamic mean absolute error, DMAE, is defined to measure the prediction accuracy. This index accounts for both error components: temporal and absolute. Real cases of wind energy forecasting are used to illustrate the use of the new DMAE index and show the advantages of this new index over other error indices.
Open Access
Assessing energy forecasting inaccuracy by simultaneously considering temporal and absolute errors
(Elsevier, 2017-04-17) Frías Paredes, Laura; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Gastón Romeo, Martín; León, Teresa; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Recent years have seen a growing trend in wind and solar energy generation globally and it is expected that an important percentage of total energy production comes from these energy sources. However, they present inherent variability that implies uctuations in energy generation that are dicult to forecast. Thus, forecasting errors have a considerable role in the impacts and costs of renewable energy integration, management, and commercialization. This study presents an important advance in the task of analyzing prediction models, in particular, in the timing component of prediction error, which improves previous pioneering results. A new method to match time series is dened in order to assess energy forecasting accuracy. This method relies on a new family of step patterns, an essential component of the algorithm to evaluate the temporal distortion index (TDI). This family minimizes the mean absolute error (MAE) of the transformation with respect to the reference series (the real energy series) and also allows detailed control of the temporal distortion entailed in the prediction series. The simultaneous consideration of temporal and absolute errors allows the use of Pareto frontiers as characteristic error curves. Real examples of wind energy forecasts are used to illustrate the results.
Open Access
Characterization of genetic resources of onion (Allium cepa L.) from the Spanish secondary centre of diversity
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2011) Mallor Giménez, Cristina; Carravedo Fantova, Miguel; Estopañán Muñoz, Gloria; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa
La cebolla es el segundo cultivo hortícola a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre los recursos y la diversidad genética de esta especie es limitado. Por ello, el objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en el estudio morfológico y físico-químico de una colección de 86 cultivares de cebolla procedentes de España (que forma parte del centro secundario de diversificación). Los caracteres evaluados en el bulbo incluyeron: peso, forma, firmeza, contenido en sólidos solubles (SSC), pungencia y contenido en azúcares (glucosa, fructosa y sacarosa). Los resultados evidenciaron una gran variabilidad en todos los caracteres evaluados. Las correlaciones fueron significativas entre la pungencia y SSC (r = 0,34), firmeza (r = 0,32) y contenido en sacarosa (r = 0,34); entre contenido en fructosa y glucosa (r = 0,79); entre contenido en sacarosa y SSC (r = 0,57); entre SSC y peso (r = –0,35); entre contenido en fructosa y sacarosa (r = –0,22) y entre el peso y contenido en sacarosa (r = –0,43). El análisis discriminante dio lugar a la formación de cuatro grupos con un ajuste del 95,3%. El grupo 1 está formado por bulbos grandes, firmes y picantes, el grupo 2 por cebollas grandes, suaves y dulces, el grupo 3 por cebollas pequeñas, picantes y con un alto SSC y el grupo 4 por bulbos de forma alargada. La variabilidad encontrada para caracteres de interés agronómico indica que este material podría ser utilizado en futuros programas de mejora genética de esta especie. Además, la agrupación de los cultivares contribuiría a localizar mejor el material vegetal de interés y las correlaciones halladas entre los caracteres evaluados a establecer una adecuada estrategia de selección.
Open Access
Motor unit action potential duration, II: a new automatic measurement method based on the wavelet transform
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2007) Rodríguez Carreño, Ignacio; Gila Useros, Luis; Malanda Trigueros, Armando; García Gurtubay, Ignacio; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Gómez Elvira, Sagrario; Rodríguez Falces, Javier; Navallas Irujo, Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa Operatiboa
To present and evaluate a new algorithm, based on the wavelet transform, for the automatic measurement of motor unit action potential (MUAP) duration. A total of 240 MUAPs were studied. The waveform of each MUAP was wavelet-transformed, and the start and end points were estimated by regarding the maxima and minima points in a particular scale of the wavelet transform. The results of the new method were compared with the gold standard of duration marker positions obtained by manual measurement. The new method was also compared with a conventional algorithm, which we had found to be best in a previous comparative study. To evaluate the new method against manual measurements, the dispersion of automatic and manual duration markers were analyzed in a set of 19 repeatedly recorded MUAPs. The differences between the new algorithm’s marker positions and the gold standard of duration marker positions were smaller than those observed with the conventional method. The dispersion of the new algorithm’s marker positions was slightly less than that of the manual one. Our new method for automatic measurement of MUAP duration is more accurate than other available algorithms and more consistent than manual measurements.
Open Access
Assessing the impact of physicians' behavior variability on performance indicators in emergency departments: an agent-based model
(IEEE, 2025-01-20) Baigorri Iguzquiaguirre, Miguel; Cildoz Esquíroz, Marta; Mallor Giménez, Fermín; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
In emergency departments (EDs), traditional simulation models often overlook the variability in physician practice, assuming uniform service provision. Our study introduces a hybrid agent-based discrete-event simulation (AB-DES) model to capture this variability. Through simulation scenarios based on real ED data, we assess the impact of physician behavior on key performance indicators such as patient waiting times and physician stress levels. Results show significant variability in both individual physician performance and average metrics across scenarios. By integrating physician agent modeling, informed by literature from medical and workplace psychology, our approach offers a more nuanced representation of ED dynamics. This model serves as a foundation for future developments towards digital twins, facilitating real-time ED management. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering physician behavior for accurate performance assessment and optimization.