Open Access
Mode transition in complex refractive index coated single-mode–multimode–single-mode structure
(Optical Society of America, 2013) Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
By coating a single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) structure with a high refractive index thin-film it is possible to obtain a transition of modes for specific combinations of thin-film thickness, thinfilm refractive index and surrounding medium refractive index, which permits to develop devices with a high sensitivity to specific parameters. In order to gain a better knowledge of the phenomenon the experimental results are corroborated numerically with the Transfer-Matrix-Method. The influence of losses in the thin-film has also been studied. The results obtained prove that a thin-film coated SMS structure is a simple and costeffective platform for development of sensors and optical filters.
Open Access
Micro and nanostructured materials for the development of optical fibre sensors
(MDPI, 2017) Elosúa Aguado, César; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Bariáin Aisa, Cándido; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Rivero Fuente, Pedro J.; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
The measurement of chemical and biomedical parameters can take advantage of the features exclusively offered by optical fibre: passive nature, electromagnetic immunity and chemical stability are some of the most relevant ones. The small dimensions of the fibre generally require that the sensing material be loaded into a supporting matrix whose morphology is adjusted at a nanometric scale. Thanks to the advances in nanotechnology new deposition methods have been developed: they allow reagents from different chemical nature to be embedded into films with a thickness always below a few microns that also show a relevant aspect ratio to ensure a high transduction interface. This review reveals some of the main techniques that are currently been employed to develop this kind of sensors, describing in detail both the resulting supporting matrices as well as the sensing materials used. The main objective is to offer a general view of the state of the art to expose the main challenges and chances that this technology is facing currently.
Open Access
Sensitivity enhancement in low cutoff wavelength long-period fiber gratings by cladding diameter reduction
(MDPI, 2017) Del Villar, Ignacio; Partridge, Matthew; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Fuentes Lorenzo, Omar; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; James, Stephen; Tatam, Ralph; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: 2017/PI044
The diameter of long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) fabricated in optical fibers with a low cutoff wavelength was be reduced by hydrofluoric acid etching, enhancing the sensitivity to refractive index by more than a factor of 3, to 2611 nm/refractive index unit in the range from 1.333 to 1.4278. The grating period selected for the LPFGs allowed access to the dispersion turning point at wavelengths close to the visible range of the optical spectrum, where optical equipment is less expensive. As an example of an application, a pH sensor based on the deposition of a polymeric coating was analyzed in two situations: with an LPFG without diameter reduction and with an LPFG with diameter reduction. Again, a sensitivity increase of a factor of near 3 was obtained, demonstrating the ability of this method to enhance the sensitivity of thin-film-coated LPFG chemical sensors.
Open Access
Application of active methodologies based on real cases - university-industry collaboration
(IEEE, 2024-08-01) Andueza Unanua, Ángel María; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Erro Betrán, María José; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Leandro González, Daniel; Elosúa Aguado, César; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PINNE2022-UPNA
During the last academic years, the industrial electronics specialties of the Industrial Engineering Bachelor's Degrees of the Public University of Navarra (UPNA) suffered a gradual loss of students. In order to reverse this trend, a teaching innovation project was designed based on the planned use of active learning methodologies in collaboration with Navarra's leading companies in industrial electronics. The project aims to enhance student learning by making teaching more engaging and practical, as well as boost the social visibility of electronics by improving the perception among students of this strategic industrial sector in the region of Navarra.
Open Access
Refractometric sensors based on multimode interference in a thin-film coated singlemode– multimode–single-mode structure with reflection configuration
(Optical Society of America, 2014) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Thin-film coated single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) structures have been analyzed both theoretically and experimentally with the aim of detecting different refractive indices. By adequate selection of the thickness of the thin film and of the diameter of the multimode segment in the SMS structure, a seven-fold improvement can be obtained in the sensitivity of the device to the surrounding medium refractive index, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 1199.18 nm∕refractive index unit for the range of refractive indices from 1.321 to 1.382. Using layer-by-layer self-assembly for deposition, both on the cladding and on the tip of the multimode segment, allows the reflected power to increase, which avoids the application of a mirror on the tip of the multimode segment.
Open Access
Temperature sensor using a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser
(Hindawi, 2017) Díaz Lucas, Silvia; San Fabián García, Noé; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica
A novel temperature sensor is presented based on a multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber ring laser.The laser is comprised of fiber Bragg grating reflectors as the oscillation wavelength selecting filters.The performance of the temperature sensor in terms of both wavelength and laser output power was investigated, as well as the application of this systemfor remote temperaturemeasurements.
Open Access
Asymmetrically and symmetrically coated tapered optical fiber for sensing applications
(SPIE, 2015) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa
The deposition of a non-metallic thin-film in a symmetrically coated tapered optical fiber leads to the generation of resonances due to guidance of a mode in the thin-film. At certain conditions, the resonances overlap each other, which can be avoided with an asymmetric coated tapered optical fiber, which permits to obtain resonances for TM and TE polarization separately. Numerical results showing the sensitivity to coating thickness and surrounding medium refractive index are also presented for both polarizations.
Open Access
All fiber interferometer for ice detection
(Optica Publishing Group, 2018) Arozarena Arana, Jesús Antonio; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
This work presents an etched single-mode - multimode - single-mode structure that detects the solid-to-liquid change of state of the water due to an increased refractive index sensitivity within the 1.308 - 1.321 RIU range
Open Access
Route towards a label-free optical waveguide sensing platform based on lossy mode resonances
(IFSA Publishing, 2019) Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Elosúa Aguado, César; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; López Torres, Diego; Acha Morrás, Nerea de; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Vitoria Pascual, Ignacio; Imas González, José Javier; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Goicoechea Fernández, Javier; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua,0011-1365-2017- 000117; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA26
According to recent market studies of the North American company Allied Market Research, the field of photonic sensors is an emerging strategic field for the following years and it is expected to garner $18 billion by 2021. The integration of micro and nanofabrication technologies in the field of sensors has allowed the development of new technological concepts such as lab-on-a-chip which have achieved extraordinary advances in terms of detection and applicability, for example in the field of biosensors. This continuous development has allowed that equipment consisting of many complex devices that occupied a whole room a few years ago, at present it is possible to handle them in the palm of the hand; that formerly long duration processes are carried out in a matter of milliseconds and that a technology previously dedicated solely to military or scientific uses is available to the vast majority of consumers. The adequate combination of micro and nanostructured coatings with optical fiber sensors has permitted us to develop novel sensing technologies, such as the first experimental demonstration of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) for sensing applications, with more than one hundred citations and related publications in high rank journals and top conferences. In fact, fiber optic LMR-based devices have been proven as devices with one of the highest sensitivity for refractometric applications. Refractive index sensitivity is an indirect and simple indicator of how sensitive the device is to chemical and biological species, topic where this proposal is focused. Consequently, the utilization of these devices for chemical and biosensing applications is a clear opportunity that could open novel and interesting research lines and applications as well as simplify current analytical methodologies. As a result, on the basis of our previous experience with LMR based sensors to attain very high sensitivities, the objective of this paper is presenting the route for the development of label-free optical waveguide sensing platform based on LMRs that enable to explore the limits of this technology for bio-chemosensing applications.
Open Access
Monitoring the etching process in LPFGs towards development of highly sensitive sensors
(MDPI, 2017) Del Villar, Ignacio; Cruz, José Luis; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Díaz Lucas, Silvia; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: 2016/PI008; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: 2016/PC025; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua: 2016/PC026
In this work, the monitoring of the etching process up to a diameter of 30 µm of two LPFG structures has been compared, one of them had initially 125 µm, whereas the second one had 80 µm. By tracking the wavelength shift of the resonance bands during the etching process it is possible to check the quality of etching process (the 80 µm fibre performs better than de 125 µm fibre), and to stop for a specific cladding mode coupling, which permits to obtain an improved sensitivity compared to the initial structure.