Person: Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa
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Urtasun Alonso
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Ainhoa
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Gestión de Empresas
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0000-0003-3688-3231
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2249
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Publication Open Access Computerization and skill bifurcation: the role of of task complexity in creating skill gains and losses(SAGE, 2013) Ben-Ner, Avner; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen KudeaketaDoes computerization increase or reduce the extent of skills that workers are required to have? Autor, Levy and Murnane (2003) show empirically that adoption of computer-based technologies (CBT) was greater in industries historically intensive in routine tasks, and that computerization increased complex problem-solving and communication activities and reduced routine cognitive and manual activities. We extend this argument and argue that the effects of CBT are neither universal nor uniform, but a bifurcation emerges: occupations that historically (pre-computerization) required low skills and entailed low-complexity tasks do not experience a lot of CBT in their environment, or if they do, they remain low skill (or in extremis become less skilled) occupations, whereas historically high-skill occupations that entailed high complexity see much CBT as well as increases in the skills they require. We test these propositions in a unique dataset that includes measures of the degree of computerization and changes attendant to computerization in the level of seven skills of core employees (content, complex problem-solving, etc.) for a sample of 819 firms in 2000. We link this dataset by core employees' occupation to US occupation-level data on three dimensions of task complexity (with respect to data, people and things) in 1971 (pre-CBT). We find that: (1) higher pre-CBT task complexity is associated with subsequent adoption and intensity of CBT; and (2) for occupations that were historically characterized by complex tasks, CBT affects most skills positively, but for simple tasks, CBT does not affect skills or affects them negatively. We replicate our analyses with the dataset and measures used by Autor, Levy and Murnane (2003) and obtain similar results. Our results shed light on the skill-based technological change and skilling-deskilling debates and suggest that the relationships are contingent in more nuanced ways than the literature has suggested.Publication Open Access HPWS, technology and flexibility in the Spanish manufacturing industry: the moderating role of social capital(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2015) Shijaku, Elio; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen KudeaketaThe purpose of this paper is to analyze a specific pattern of social capital and its pivotal role in the HPWS utilization. The paper uses Spanish cross-sectional data from the manufacturing industry to examine the moderating effects of external social capital derived from buyer-supplier relationships on HPWS, technology and flexibility. We propose a model of HPWS in which external social capital not only favours the use of HPWS but also moderates the incidence of other common facilitators such as technology and flexibility. Firms yielding external social capital use HPWS more intensely and that the effect of technology constituents on HPWS utilization is contingent to social capital accumulation. The findings are consistent with existing HR literature on the subject but broaden its perspective by analyzing a specific pattern of social capital and its pivotal role in the HPWS utilization process.Publication Open Access Effects of new technologies on work: the case of additive manufacturing(SAGE Publications, 2022) Ben-Ner, Avner; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Taska, Bledi; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBEThe authors study the effects on work of additive manufacturing (AM), an emerging technology that may replace significant segments of traditional manufacturing (TM). Compared to TM, AM is more integrated and offers greater flexibility in design, materials, and customizability; thus, it should entail more demanding tasks and higher skill levels. The authors analyze vacancies for AM and TM workers, focusing on plants that posted vacancies in both technologies to control for factors that may affect the content of job postings. Findings show that AM jobs are more complex (with more non-routine analytic and less routine cognitive content) in comparison to TM jobs, and AM jobs require more high-level technical skills and more reasoning skills. The relative differences are larger for lower-skill workers (operators) than for high-skill workers (engineers). The authors conclude that AM is an upskilling technology that is skill biased in favor of low-skill workers and therefore reduces the skill gap.Publication Open Access Network centrality and organizational aspirations: a behavioral interaction in the context of international strategic alliances(Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018) Shijaku, Elio; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen KudeaketaConsiderando que el análisis de redes sociales ha estado asociado con aspiraciones organizacionales, poco es conocido sobre cómo el posicionamiento estructural de la empresa y particularmente la centralidad de la red afecta las aspiraciones internacionales para participar de alianzas estratégicas internacionales (AEI). Este estudio examina el impacto de la centralidad de la red en el comportamiento de internacionalización de la empresa dentro del dominio de las alianzas estratégicas internacionales como respuesta a la brecha entre desempeño y aspiración. Desarrollamos las perspectivas sociales y comportamentales para predecir que la centralidad de la red y las aspiraciones basadas en desempeño serán asociadas con el número de alianzas estratégicas internacionales en que la empresa participa. Usando una muestra de 7.760 colaboraciones de alianza de las principales 81 empresas farmacéuticas global para el periodo 1991–2012, encontramos evidencia para apoyar la mayoría de nuestros argumentos.Publication Open Access Intensidade tecnológica e sistemas de trabalho de alto desempenho(Fundaçao Getulio Vargas, 2004) García Olaverri, Carmen; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Estadística e Investigación Operativa; Estatistika eta Ikerketa OperatiboaThe paper examines the moderating effect that the technological intensity of the environment in which the firm operates exerts in the High Performance Work Systems (HPWS) - firm's operational performance relationship. We study this potential moderating effect in a sample of 593 Spanish manufacturing firms divided in two sub-samples of high (n1=301) and low (n2=292) technology firms. The results show that HPWS (positively) influence firm operational performance in the case of high-tech firms, while no effect is observed for low-tech firms.Publication Open Access Empowering undergraduates through machine learning(SAGE, 2022) Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen KudeaketaThis report describes a teaching experience with undergraduates to approach, in a simple and practical way, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) – generalpurpose technologies that are highly demanded in any industry today. The article shows how business undergraduates with no prior experience in coding can use AI and ML to solve business-related problems, particularly human resource management (HRM) problems. AI and ML are powerful technologies that can improve the analytical skills and employability of those who understand them.Publication Open Access Are acquirers different? Identifying firm precursors to acquisitions(Emerald, 2023) King, David; Shijaku, Elio; Urtasun Alonso, Ainhoa; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBEPurpose: The authors propose and test a theoretical framework that develops and analyzes precursors to firm acquisitions to determine if acquirers differ from other firms. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use longitudinal, archival data from a sample of the largest firms in the global pharmaceutical industry from 1991 to 2012 with 1,327 firm-year observations. Findings: The authors integrate prior research to show that the firm characteristics involving (1) R&D investment, (2) prior experience and (3) network centrality influence the likelihood that a firm will complete an acquisition. Originality/value: In contrast to research focusing on the performance of acquiring firms, the authors show that firm characteristics predict acquisition activity by highlighting that acquiring firms differ from other firms. The authors also develop how network synergies can be realized by acquirers that have information advantages from more central network positions.