Person: Marroyo Palomo, Luis
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Marroyo Palomo
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Luis
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Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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0000-0002-8344-8374
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495
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Publication Open Access A PV ramp-rate control strategy to extend battery lifespan using forecasting(Elsevier, 2022) González Moreno, Alejandro; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis study analyses and presents a new ramp-rate control algorithm for smoothing PV power fluctuations, designed to address three fundamental objectives: to reduce battery cycling, to meet minimum storage requirements and to be able to operate, without ramp-rate violations, with real publicly-available forecasting. The algorithm was compared to three benchmark methods and, as a performance limit, also to a hypothetical perfect prediction. Different performance variables were analyzed for all the strategies within a restricted ramp-rate constraint (2%/min): minimum storage requirement, battery power distributions, throughput energy, state of charge (SOC) distributions, degradation (calendar and cycling), expected battery lifespan and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The proposal proves to be the most cost-effective smoothing technique and the simulation results show that its performance is comparable to the obtained with the use of an assumed perfect prediction.Publication Open Access Outdoor performance of a CdTe based PV generator during 5 years of operation(IEEE, 2022) Guerra Menjívar, Moisés Roberto; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenTogether with the huge growth of the traditional crystalline silicon (Si-x) PV manufacturers, other thin-film solar cells have also emerged such as cadmium telluride (CdTe) manufacturers. They are characterized by the fact that they were created to reduce costs and by the scarcity of silicon, from which the rest of the modules are made. Despite they need more space to generate the same amount of energy as crystalline modules, their price is supposed to be much lower, and argue that they have a better performance at high temperatures. However, real comparisons between the outdoor performance of CdTe and Si-x modules have been scarcely addressed in the literature. This paper provides a comparison under real operating conditions of a CdTe photovoltaic generator versus a conventional silicon generator during 5 years of operation in a mid-latitude area, identifying the causes of the differences observed.Publication Open Access Analysis of a CIS based PV generator versus a multicrystalline generator under outdoor long-term exposure(IEEE, 2021) Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Guerra Menjívar, Moisés Roberto; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; García Solano, Miguel; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónThe worldwide growth of the PV market has been almost exponential during the last years. Together with conventional crystalline (c-Si) PV modules, “new” commercially available PV technologies such as copper indium selenide (CIS) based solar cells have appeared achieving a similar efficiency comparable to c-Si at similar production cost. In addition to the use of cheaper materials, CIS solar cells manufacturers claim some enhancements such as lower temperature coefficient or higher absorption of diffuse light that achieve to reduce the cost of electrical energy. Although several papers deal with this topic, little is known about real comparisons between CIS technology and conventional crystalline at a PV generator level with real test conditions. This paper analyses the in-field performance and degradation of a commercially available CIS solar based PV generator compared to a conventional c-Si one during four years of operation attributing the differences observed to the possible factors that can influence in both technologies.Publication Open Access Control method to coordinate inverters and batteries for power ramp-rate control in large PV plants: minimizing energy losses and battery charging stress(Elsevier, 2023) González Moreno, Alejandro; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis work presents a novel control method for multi-megawatt photovoltaic (PV) plants that is able to regulate each plant inverter and the battery system to mitigate PV power fluctuations. The proposed control method makes it possible to implement different PV ramp-rate control strategies based on the use of batteries and the limitation of inverters during positive fluctuations, which have been conceptually proposed in the specialized bibliography, but have omitted how to perform the coordination between PV generators. The dynamic model and the tuning of the control parameters are presented and the method is used to correctly implement different inverter-limitation strategies using 5-second data from a real 45 MWp PV plant. Furthermore, a new control strategy is proposed. This strategy reduces curtailment losses to negligible values and takes into account and addresses the intrinsic asymmetry in the battery charging and discharging capability, an issue that has been overlooked in the specialized bibliography. The results show that the proposed control method can effectively control each of the multiple inverters in order to obtain the desired PV plant operation to regulate the battery charging power, even during highly fluctuating scenarios.Publication Open Access Influence of control in cycling degradation when batteries perform PV ramp-rate control(IEEE, 2023) González Moreno, Alejandro; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis work studies the importance of the correct selection of control parameters in order to avoid unnecessary cycling in batteries when they perform PV smoothing. The classic ramp-rate control method (CRRC) is studied as smoothing technique and the key role of the state of charge (SOC) control is analyzed for a real 38.5 MW PV plant, particularly the influence of proportional gain (K). Depending on K, battery cycling degradation (CyD), power requirements, SOC limits and throughout energy performance were discussed. According to the results, the correct tuning could prolong battery lifespan by reducing cycling degradation up to 80% (depending on the fluctuation restrictions and K) and avoiding unnecessary energy losses, power requirements and undesirable SOC operation levels. Finally, a simple general rule is proposed to set K value when CRRC is used and its applicability is tested by simulating two additional PV plants with rated power of 1.1 and 75.6 MW.Publication Open Access Inverter-based PV ramp-rate limitation strategies: minimizing energy losses(IEEE, 2022) González Moreno, Alejandro; Marcos Álvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Íñigo de la; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis work analyzes the reduction of power generation in strategies that regulate the PV ramp-rate by using inverter limitation. Although the operating principle implies some energy production losses, not all these losses are necessary. Three different strategies were simulated using experimental 5-second data collected throughout a year at a 38.6 MW PV plant, and their energy losses were obtained for different ramprate levels. An improvement in one of these strategies is proposed and evaluated. The main findings suggest that the proposed modification has the potential to drastically reduce annual production losses to insignificant levels. Regardless of the ramp-rate constrain, simulation results evidenced energy losses bellow 1%.