Person: UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo
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UrsĂșa Rubio
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Alfredo
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IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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0000-0001-6240-8659
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3245
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Publication Open Access Influence of the aging model of lithium-ion batteries on the management of PV self-consumption systems(IEEE, 2018) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Pascual Miqueleiz, Julio MarĂa; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, PI038 INTEGRA-RENOVABLESLithium-ion batteries are gaining importance for a variety of applications due to their improving characteristics and decreasing price. An accurate knowledge of their aging is required for a successful use of these ESSs. The vast number of models that has been proposed to predict these phenomena raise doubts about the suitability of a model for a particular battery application. The performance of three models published for a Sanyo 18650 cylindrical cell in a self-consumption system are compared in this work. Measured photovoltaic production and home consumption with a sampling frequency of 15 minutes are used for this comparison. The different aging predictions calculated by these three models are analyzed, compared and discussed. These comparison is particularized for two management strategies. The first of them maximizes the self-consumption PV energy, while the second reduces the maximum power peak demanded from the grid.Publication Open Access State of health estimation of second-life lithium-ion batteries under real profile operation(Elsevier, 2022) Braco Sola, Elisa; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Stroe, Daniel-Ioan; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe economic viability of second-life (SL) Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles (EVs) is still uncertain nowadays. Assessing the internal state of reused cells is key not only at the repurposing stage but also during their SL operation. As an alternative of the traditional capacity tests used to this end, the estimation of State of Health (SOH) allows to reduce the testing time and the need of equipment, thereby reinforcing the economic success of SL batteries. However, the estimation of SOH in real SL operation has been rarely analysed in literature. This contribution aims thus to cover this gap, by focusing on the experimental assessment of SOH estimation in reused modules from Nissan Leaf EVs under two SL scenarios: a residential household with self-consumption and a fast charge station for EVs. By means of partial charge and experimental data from cycling and calendar ageing tests, accuracy and robustness of health indicators is firstly assessed. Then, SOH estimation is carried out using real profiles, covering a SOH range from 91.3 to 31%. Offline assessment led to RMSE values of 0.6% in the residential profile and 0.8% in the fast charge station, with a reduction in testing times of 85% compared to a full capacity test. In order to avoid the interruption of battery operation, online assessment in profiles was also analysed, obtaining RMSE values below 1.3% and 3.6% in the residential and charging station scenarios, respectively. Therefore, the feasibility of SOH estimation in SL profiles is highlighted, as it allows to get accurate results reducing testing times or even without interrupting normal operation.Publication Open Access Fast capacity and internal resistance estimation method for second-life batteries from electric vehicles(Elsevier, 2023) Braco Sola, Elisa; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe success of second-life (SL) Li-ion batteries from electric vehicles is still conditioned by their technical and economic viability. The knowledge of the internal parameters of retired batteries at the repurposing stage is key to ensure their adequate operation and to enlarge SL lifetime. However, traditional characterization methods require long testing times and specific equipment, which result in high costs that may jeopardize the economic viability of SL. In the seek of optimizing the repurposing stage, this contribution proposes a novel fast characterization method that allows to estimate capacity and internal resistance at various state of charge for reused cells, modules and battery packs. Three estimation models are proposed. The first of them is based on measurements of AC resistance, the second on DC resistance and the third combines both resistance types. These models are validated in 506 cells, 203 modules and 3 battery packs from different Nissan Leaf vehicles. The results achieved are satisfactory, with mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) below 2.5% at cell and module level in capacity prediction and lower than 2.4% in resistance estimation. Considering battery pack level, MAPE is below 4.2% and 1.8% in capacity and resistance estimation respectively. With the proposed method, testing times are reduced from more than one day to 2 min per cell, while energy consumption is lowered from 1.4 kWh to 1 Wh. In short, this study contributes to the reduction of repurposing procedures and costs, and ultimately to the success of SL batteries business model.Publication Open Access Comparison of State-of-Charge estimation methods for stationary Lithium-ion batteries(IEEE, 2016) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica y ElectrĂłnica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCAn accurate monitoring of the State of Charge (SoC) is mandatory for an efficient management of a Lithium-ion battery. Batteries of stationary systems barely have long resting periods when the cumulative errors can be reset. These special requirements make a robust and accurate SoC estimation algorithm necessary. A real stationary system including an experimental microgrid with renewable energy generation, home consumption and a 5.3 kWh Li-ion storage system is analyzed in this paper. Three representative SoC monitoring algorithms are applied and compared in terms of accuracy and robustness to battery aging and current measurement offset. A closed-loop method consisting of an adaptive filter and a state observer achieves best results while having a reasonable computational complexity.Publication Open Access Asymmetrical firing angle modulation for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers supplying high-power electrolyzers(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Elizondo MartĂnez, David; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenThis paper presents an asymmetrical firing angle modulation strategy for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers aimed at supplying high-power electrolyzers, which allows to reduce the size of the passive filter and the static compensator (STATCOM) required to comply with grid harmonic regulations and achieve unity power factor. Usually, 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers follow a symmetric modulation strategy in which the same firing angle is applied to both 6-pulse bridges. In this case, large passive ac-side inductances are required to reduce grid current harmonics, which increase the reactive power consumption and thus the required STATCOM size. However, this paper demonstrates that by applying different firing angles to the two 6-pulse bridges it is possible to comply with the harmonic regulation limits using smaller filtering inductances and therefore reducing the STATCOM size. The methodology to find the optimal firing angle values that should be applied in order to minimize the filtering inductance and the STATCOM size for a given electrolyzer is explained. This strategy is validated by simulation, and results show that the required filtering inductance and the apparent power of the STATCOM can be effectively reduced by 62% and 31%, respectively, using this asymmetrical firing angle modulation.Publication Open Access Electro-thermal modelling of a supercapacitor and experimental validation(Elsevier, 2014) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; HernĂĄndez, Andoni; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica y ElectrĂłnica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaThis paper reports on the electro-thermal modelling of a Maxwell supercapacitor (SC), model BMOD0083 with a rated capacitance of 83 F and rated voltage of 48 V. One electrical equivalent circuit was used to model the electrical behaviour whilst another served to simulate the thermal behaviour. The models were designed to predict the SC operating voltage and temperature, by taking the electric current and ambient temperature as input variables. A five-stage iterative method, applied to three experiments, served to obtain the parameter values for each model. The models were implemented in MATLABSimulink , where they interacted to reciprocally provide information. These models were then validated through a number of tests, subjecting the SC to different current and frequency profiles. These tests included the validation of a bank of supercapacitors integrated into an electric microgrid, in a real operating environment. Satisfactory results were obtained from the electric and thermal models, with RMSE values of less than 0.65 V in all validations.Publication Open Access Incremental capacity analysis of lithium-ion second-life batteries from electric vehicles under cycling ageing(IEEE, 2021) Braco Sola, Elisa; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaNowadays, the reuse of batteries from electric vehicles is considered a promising solution to benefit from their remaining energy and extend their lifespan. Yet, the economic viability of these second-life batteries is still uncertain, and the optimization of testing at their reconfiguration stage and during their lifetime is the key to ensure their success. This paper aims to assess Incremental Capacity Analysis technique in Nissan Leaf modules during their second-life use, in order to evaluate both its potential as an State of Health estimator and as a tool to identify underlying degradation mechanisms. Despite the different internal state and ageing rates observed between the tested modules, ICA is found to be consistent at similar SOH levels. The influence of ageing, current and temperature on ICA is evaluated through an accelerated cycling test. Results show that ICA is a promising alternative to estimate SOH during second life even at currents up to C/2 and testing temperatures of 45 °C. However, testing by accelerated currents and temperatures is not recommended for the identification of degradation mechanisms.Publication Open Access Dynamic modeling of a pressurized alkaline water electrolyzer: a multiphysics approach(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Elizondo MartĂnez, David; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Ibaiondo, Harkaitz; SĂĄnchez Ruiz, Alain; Arza, Joseba; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenIn this paper a dynamic model for the simulation of pressurized alkaline water electrolyzers is presented. The model has been developed following a multiphysics approach, integrating electrochemical, thermodynamic, heat transfer and gas evolution processes in order to faithfully reproduce the complete dynamical behavior of these systems. The model has been implemented on MATLAB/Simulink and validated through experimental data from a 1 Nm3/h commercial alkaline water electrolyzer. Validations have been performed under real scenarios where the electrolyzer is working with power profiles characteristic from renewable sources, wind and photovoltaic. The simulated results have been found to be consistent with the real measured values. This model has a great potential to predict the behavior of alkaline water electrolyzers coupled with renewable energy sources, making it a very useful tool for designing efficient green hydrogen production systems.Publication Open Access High frequency power transformers with foil windings: maximum interleaving and optimal design(IEEE, 2015) Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Urtasun Erburu, Andoni; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Marroyo Palomo, Luis; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica y ElectrĂłnica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaFoil conductors and primary and secondary interleaving are normally used to minimize winding losses in high frequency transformers used for high-current power applications. However, winding interleaving complicates the transformer assembly, since taps are required to connect the winding sections, and also complicates the transformer design, since it introduces a new tradeoff between minimizing losses and reducing the construction difficulty. This paper presents a novel interleaving technique, named maximum interleaving, that makes it possible to minimize the winding losses as well as the construction difficulty. An analytical design methodology is also proposed in order to obtain free cooled transformers with a high efficiency, low volume and, therefore, a high power density. For the purpose of evaluating the advantages of the proposed maximum interleaving technique, the methodology is applied to design a transformer positioned in the 5 kW 50 kHz intermediate high frequency resonant stage of a commercial PV inverter. The proposed design achieves a transformer power density of 28 W/cm3 with an efficiency of 99.8%. Finally, a prototype of the maximum-interleaved transformer is assembled and validated satisfactorily through experimental tests.Publication Open Access Identification of critical parameters for the design of energy management algorithms for Li-ion batteries operating in PV power plants(IEEE, 2020) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Soto Cabria, AdriĂĄn; Marcos Ălvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Ăñigo de la; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ReBMS PJUPNA1904; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1411-2018-000029 GERALithium-ion batteries are gaining importance for a variety of applications due to their price decrease and characteristics improvement. For a proper use of such storage systems, an energy management algorithm (EMA) is required. A number of EMAs, with various characteristics, have been published recently, given the diverse nature of battery problems. The EMA of deterministic battery problems is usually based on an optimization algorithm. The selection of such an algorithm depends on a few problem characteristics, which need to be identified and closely analyzed. The aim of this article is to identify the critical optimization problem parameters that determine the most suitable EMA for a Li-ion battery. With this purpose, the starting point is a detailed model of a Li-ion battery. Three EMAs based on the algorithms used to face deterministic problems, namely dynamic, linear, and quadratic programming, are designed to optimize the energy dispatch of such a battery. Using real irradiation and power price data, the results of these EMAs are compared for various case studies. Given that none of the EMAs achieves the best results for all analyzed cases, the problem parameters that determine the most suitable algorithm are identified to be four, i.e., desired computation intensity, characteristics of the battery aging model, battery energy and power capabilities, and the number of optimization variables, which are determined by the number of energy storage systems, the length of the optimization problem, and the desired time step.