UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo
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UrsĂșa Rubio
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Alfredo
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IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access Identification of critical parameters for the design of energy management algorithms for Li-ion batteries operating in PV power plants(IEEE, 2020) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Soto Cabria, AdriĂĄn; Marcos Ălvarez, Javier; Parra Laita, Ăñigo de la; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ReBMS PJUPNA1904; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011-1411-2018-000029 GERALithium-ion batteries are gaining importance for a variety of applications due to their price decrease and characteristics improvement. For a proper use of such storage systems, an energy management algorithm (EMA) is required. A number of EMAs, with various characteristics, have been published recently, given the diverse nature of battery problems. The EMA of deterministic battery problems is usually based on an optimization algorithm. The selection of such an algorithm depends on a few problem characteristics, which need to be identified and closely analyzed. The aim of this article is to identify the critical optimization problem parameters that determine the most suitable EMA for a Li-ion battery. With this purpose, the starting point is a detailed model of a Li-ion battery. Three EMAs based on the algorithms used to face deterministic problems, namely dynamic, linear, and quadratic programming, are designed to optimize the energy dispatch of such a battery. Using real irradiation and power price data, the results of these EMAs are compared for various case studies. Given that none of the EMAs achieves the best results for all analyzed cases, the problem parameters that determine the most suitable algorithm are identified to be four, i.e., desired computation intensity, characteristics of the battery aging model, battery energy and power capabilities, and the number of optimization variables, which are determined by the number of energy storage systems, the length of the optimization problem, and the desired time step.Publication Open Access Experimental characterization and aging analysis of commercial 18650 sodium-ion cells(IEEE, 2024-08-30) Irujo Izcue, Elisa; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, PJUPNA2023-11380Extensive use of lithium-ion batteries and scarcity of lithium are leading to re-emergence of sodium-ion batteries as a promising candidate, side-by-side with LIBs, to cover increasing demand of energy storage systems. Thus, development and commercialization of SIBs have been recently accelerated. Scientific research on first commercialized cells has been published regarding its fundamental parameters, aging and thermal performance. However, SIBs still require experimental study to continue developing and maturing their technology. For that reason, this work presents an electrical characterization and aging analysis of a commercial 1.3 Ah 18650 SIB. Based on experimental results obtained, this contribution reveals energy efficiencies of around 92% and an open circuit voltage with a plateau at a SOC of 35%. Regarding aging, samples full cycled at 0.5C exhibit a capacity loss of 15% after 310 cycles and stored cells age at a speed of 0.01 %/day.Publication Open Access Enhancing engineering competencies curricula in the context of university-industry chairs(IEEE, 2023) Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; San MartĂn Biurrun, Idoia; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Samanes Pascual, Javier; Parra Laita, Ăñigo de la; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Astrain Ulibarrena, David; Goicoechea FernĂĄndez, Javier; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCUniversity-industry Chairs can play a key role to enhance the acquisition of certain curricular competencies of the Engineering Degrees such as teamwork capability, oral and written communication skills, entrepreneurship initiative and industrial environment knowledge, all of them highly valued and long demanded by the industrial companies. This paper describes the organizational framework and the main programs of the Chair of Renewable Energies of the Public University of Navarre and evaluates how it is contributing effectively to improving the acquisition of these competencies and skills.Publication Open Access On the characterization of lithium-ion batteries under overtemperature and overcharge conditions: identification of abuse areas and experimental validation(Elsevier, 2024) Lalinde Sainz, Iñaki; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Arza, Joseba; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaAlthough lithium-ion batteries have gained considerable popularity in renewable energy and electric vehicle applications, their safety still remains a concern under certain voltage, temperature, or state of charge conditions. This can lead to degradation and potential thermal runaway. In order to improve the safety assessment of LIBs based on their operating conditions, it is therefore essential to analyze not only their safe operating area but also their abuse region. This study focuses on the characterization of the abuse region of lithium-ion batteries by proposing a new methodology in which four areas of abuse are identified and experimentally validated using a commercial 3.6 Ah pouch cell. The cell is subjected to overtemperature and overcharge conditions, exploring various states of charge (0 to 200%) and ambient temperatures (25 to 100 °C). The influence of temperature and state of charge on the battery's behavior is thoroughly analyzed to fully characterize the abuse region. Results reveal the limiting temperatures and states of charge that define the boundaries of the abuse areas. By extending the characterization of LIBs behavior beyond the safe operation area with the determination of four areas of abuse, this article contributes to a better understanding of the phenomena and abuse mechanisms produced by overtemperature and overcharge events with an eye to improving battery safety.Publication Open Access On the impact of high-power grid-connected thyristor rectifiers on the efficiency of hydrogen electrolyzers(IEEE, 2024-08-30) Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Rivera, Marco; Wheeler, Patrick; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThis paper investigates the impact of power supply and dc current ripple on the efficiency of water electrolyzers and demonstrates that optimally sized thyristor rectifiers meeting grid power quality regulations can effectively supply high-power electrolyzers with minimal impact on electrolyzer efficiency. Firstly, an equivalent electrical model for the electrolyzer is developed, and the efficiency reduction caused by dc current ripple is analyzed. This is validated by means of experimental data from a 5-kW alkaline electrolyzer operated with both thyristor- and IGBT-based rectifiers. Next, the paper explores the operation of high-power electrolyzers supplied by 6- and 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers complying with grid power quality standards. Results show that with optimal sizing of ac-side source voltage and filtering inductances, these solutions exhibit negligible dc current ripple impact on electrolyzer efficiency. These findings, validated through simulation of a 5.5 MW electrolyzer, highlight the viability of thyristor rectifiers in high-power electrolysis applications, and emphasize the importance of an optimal power supply design and sizing for enhancing water electrolyzers' performance.Publication Open Access Analytical modeling of high-frequency winding loss in round-wire toroidal inductors(IEEE, 2020) Elizondo MartĂnez, David; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenToroidal inductors are present in many different industrial applications, thus, still receive researchers' attention. AC winding loss in these inductors have become a major issue in the design process, since switching frequency is being continuously increased in power electronic converters. Finite element analysis software or analytical models such as Dowell's are the main existing alternatives for their calculation. However, the first one employs too much time if different designs are to be evaluated and the second one lacks accuracy when applied to toroidal inductor windings. Looking for an alternative that overcomes these drawbacks, this paper proposes an accurate, easy-to-use analytical model, specifically formulated for calculating high-frequency winding loss in round-wire toroidal inductors.Publication Open Access Integration of second-life battery packs for self-consumption applications: analysis of a real experience(IEEE, 2021) Soto Cabria, AdriĂĄn; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Zorrilla, Pablo; Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Castillo, Diego H.; RodrĂguez RodrĂguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; RodrĂguez, Adolfo J.; Vargas Requena, DĂĄvid TomĂĄs; MatĂas Maestro, Ignacio; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 0011â1411â2018â000029 GERA; Universidad PĂșblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa, ReBMS PJUPNA1904This contribution presents a methodology for the integration of Li-ion batteries discarded from electric vehicle into a collective self-consumption installation, showing the technical feasibility of such battery second use. In this regard, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is a relevant issue for the energy management of the second-life battery. Therefore, a SOC estimator is proposed in this contribution and tested in field. Moreover, the revealed costs analysis allows an economic comparison between the integration of a discarded battery pack in a second-life application or a remanufacture of these packs, thereby selecting the most suitable cells to build second-life batteries. This is a crucial issue for companies focused on the development of second-life batteries. The results obtained after testing the second-life battery pack in a real installation make it possible to extol the benefits of including this type of batteries in a self-consumption system, reaching a self-consumption ratio of 69 % and reducing by 36 % the maximum power peak demanded from the grid.Publication Open Access Asymmetrical firing angle modulation for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers supplying high-power electrolyzers(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Elizondo MartĂnez, David; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenThis paper presents an asymmetrical firing angle modulation strategy for 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers aimed at supplying high-power electrolyzers, which allows to reduce the size of the passive filter and the static compensator (STATCOM) required to comply with grid harmonic regulations and achieve unity power factor. Usually, 12-pulse thyristor rectifiers follow a symmetric modulation strategy in which the same firing angle is applied to both 6-pulse bridges. In this case, large passive ac-side inductances are required to reduce grid current harmonics, which increase the reactive power consumption and thus the required STATCOM size. However, this paper demonstrates that by applying different firing angles to the two 6-pulse bridges it is possible to comply with the harmonic regulation limits using smaller filtering inductances and therefore reducing the STATCOM size. The methodology to find the optimal firing angle values that should be applied in order to minimize the filtering inductance and the STATCOM size for a given electrolyzer is explained. This strategy is validated by simulation, and results show that the required filtering inductance and the apparent power of the STATCOM can be effectively reduced by 62% and 31%, respectively, using this asymmetrical firing angle modulation.Publication Open Access Onset of irreversible reactions in overcharging lithium-ion cells: an experimental and modeling approach(IEEE, 2023) Irujo Izcue, Elisa; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Lalinde Sainz, Iñaki; Arza, Joseba; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenLithium-ion batteries are energy storage systems used in an increasing number of applications. Due to their flammable materials, their use entails risks of fire and explosion. The study of the abuse operation of these batteries before reaching the thermal runaway is a relevant research topic to prevent safety issues. There are various studies in the bibliography providing exhaustive thermal studies of the safe operating area, as well as concerning the thermal runaway. However, the onset irreversible reactions, that take place at a SOC around 110%, have not been properly analyzed. We present in this contribution an experimental study of this onset reaction measured in pouch Li-ion cells under various conditions of charge current and temperature. We also propose a lumped-parameter thermal model for the cell, which allows a detailed characterization of this exothermic reaction. The results achieved in this contributions can be a key tool to prevent overcharge accidents that may arise due to malfunctioning of the battery charger or battery management system.Publication Open Access Dynamic modeling of a pressurized alkaline water electrolyzer: a multiphysics approach(IEEE, 2023) Iribarren Zabalegui, Ălvaro; Elizondo MartĂnez, David; Barrios RĂpodas, Ernesto; Ibaiondo, Harkaitz; SĂĄnchez Ruiz, Alain; Arza, Joseba; Sanchis GĂșrpide, Pablo; UrsĂșa Rubio, Alfredo; IngenierĂa ElĂ©ctrica, ElectrĂłnica y de ComunicaciĂłn; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenIn this paper a dynamic model for the simulation of pressurized alkaline water electrolyzers is presented. The model has been developed following a multiphysics approach, integrating electrochemical, thermodynamic, heat transfer and gas evolution processes in order to faithfully reproduce the complete dynamical behavior of these systems. The model has been implemented on MATLAB/Simulink and validated through experimental data from a 1 Nm3/h commercial alkaline water electrolyzer. Validations have been performed under real scenarios where the electrolyzer is working with power profiles characteristic from renewable sources, wind and photovoltaic. The simulated results have been found to be consistent with the real measured values. This model has a great potential to predict the behavior of alkaline water electrolyzers coupled with renewable energy sources, making it a very useful tool for designing efficient green hydrogen production systems.