Open Access
Impact of individual and job characteristics on nurses' scope of practice in spanish hospital units
(Wiley, 2024) Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background. Nurses are one of the largest and costliest groups in healthcare organizations; therefore, it is important to comprehend their scope of practice. Aim. To contribute to the improvement of nursing resource management in medical-surgical and Intensive Care Units by identifying factors that influence the scope of nursing practice. The hypothesis was that the activities carried out by nurses in medical-surgical units and intensive care units are influenced by individual and job-related factors, with job characteristics having an additive and moderating effect on individual characteristics. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional correlational design to test the relationship between the individual and job characteristics on the nursing scope of practice measured by the Actual Scope of Nursing Practice (ASCOP) questionnaire. The sample consisted of 270 nurses. Linear mixed effects models analysis (LME) was used with the aleatory effect of the intensive care unit (ICU). Results. Belonging to the ICU decreased the scope of practice of nurses. We found a statistically significant effect of psychological demand, practice environment, role ambiguity, and growth need strength on the scope of nursing practice. The models explained a variance up to 24%. Conclusions. Although the survey results revealed the existence of broader scope of practice levels in Spanish hospital units than in the original Canadian study, the use of scope of nursing practice remains suboptimal. Higher levels on the psychological demand, the practice environment and in the individual growth need strength were related with a broader scope of practice. Otherwise, role ambiguity negatively affected the scope of practice. Implications for Nursing Management. This article provides an analysis of the impact of individual and job-related characteristics on the nursing scope of practice. It serves as a valuable resource for both managers and nurses, offering insights to improve nurses' working conditions and obtain more efficient workforces.
Embargo
Virtual reality to reduce pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer: a scoping review
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024-09-02) Cuñado Pradales, Rebeca; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: cancer and its treatments cause symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and emotional distress, which affect the quality of life of patients at different stages of cancer. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising alternative for addressing these symptoms by immersing patients in a virtual environment that isolates them from reality. Objective: to describe the existing evidence on the use of VR to improve pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer at different stages of the cancer trajectory. Methods: a scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL until October 2023. Results: twenty-three primary studies related to the study topic were identified, and the following information was collected: type of VR (immersive vs nonimmersive) used in oncology services, purpose (distraction, training, or relaxation), devices used (head-mounted display, headset, or virtual controller), and the environment simulated (natural environment, skill games, or educational environment). The effects of VR on pain, fatigue, and emotional distress are described, highlighting its ability to mitigate these symptoms in the short term.
Open Access
Use of telehealth among cancer survivors: a scoping review
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2023) Irurita Morales, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Long-term cancer survivors have specific needs that are frequently neglected. Telehealth, as a new form of health care, can benefit this growing population.Objective: To identify, analyze, and synthesize the existing evidence on the use of telehealth in the care of cancer survivors after the end of treatment.Methods: A scoping review was conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, COCHRANE, SCIELO, DIALNET, and LILACS and reference institutions in cancer.Results: The initial search yielded 406 publications with 59 articles meeting the eligibility criteria. There are different types of telehealth (video calls, phone calls, websites, mobile applications, and short message services) used for the care of cancer survivors. Most telehealth interventions focus on improving the physical and mental spheres of quality of life in the extended survival phase (from 1 to 3 years postdiagnosis), with only two articles (3%) on long-term cancer survivors (>5 years postdiagnosis). Survivors are satisfied with telehealth interventions, noting the importance of improving comprehensibility, personalization of the platforms, and the lack of excessive information included.Conclusions: Telehealth is a feasible modality for cancer survival care. The scarcity of interventions aimed at long-term survivors stands out, as does the general neglect of the social and spiritual spheres of quality of life.Implications for Practice: Telehealth platforms must adapt their content, format, and items to the preferences reported by the survivors.
Open Access
Mental health of spanish nurses working during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
(Wiley, 2022) San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ferraz Torres, Marta; Rodríguez Matesanz, Irati; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Aim. To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare centers in Navarre (Spain). Background. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, are at high risk for developing mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Introduction. Spain ranks among the European countries with the highest incidence of and mortality from COVID-19 and has a 31% deficit in the number of nurses compared with the average for the European Union. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 800 Registered Nurses in Navarre, Spain. Four standardized instruments, along with a self-administered online questionnaire, were used to measure the impact in terms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to report this study. Results. Of the 800 nurses, 68% had some level of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, and of these, 38% had moderate or severe symptoms. Those who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes showed a higher impact on their mental health. Discussion. The sustained pressure that nurses have experienced in their work during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected their mental health. Conclusion. This study found that nurses who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes during the pandemic had worse mental health outcomes. Implications for nursing/policy. Recommendations for nursing policy include the need to implement coaching and emotional programs to support nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic. There is also an urgent need for the implementation of national training programs to strengthen health emergency preparedness, improve response capacity, and increase the resilience of nurses to disasters.
Open Access
Effectiveness of digital health on the quality of life of long-term breast cancer survivors: a systematic review
(Elsevier, 2023) Pimentel Parra, Gustavo Adolfo; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objectives: To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions to improve the quality of life or any of its four dimensions (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) in women survivors of breast cancer who are in the extended or permanent survival stage. Data Sources: Systematic review—Four databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Conclusion: The clinical evidence shows a positive relationship or association between eHealth use and improved quality of life in breast cancer survivors at extended or permanent survival stage. However, the findings point to a deficit in the assessment of the social and spiritual domains that play a fundamental role in the quality of life of survivors. Implication for Nursing Practice: The findings found reflect implications of great value for nursing practice because these professionals are the main users of digital health tools to provide them to patients. Using these digital tools contributes to improving evidence-based practice and providing greater efficiency and effectiveness in the care of long-term cancer survivors.
Open Access
The Spanish version of the child medical fear questionnaire: cross-cultural adaptation and validation
(MDPI, 2021) San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ferraz Torres, Marta; García Vivar, Cristina; Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Having valid and reliable tools that help health professionals to assess fear in children undergoing medical procedures is essential to offer humanised and quality of care in the paediatric population. The aim of this study was to develop the cross-cultural adaptation and the evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the 'Child Medical Fear Scale' in its shortened version (CMFS-R). The design consisted of two phases: first, of cross-cultural adaptation and second, of the psychometric validation of the CMFS-R with a sample of 262 children from Spain, applying a cross-sectional design. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess construct validity and the Cronbach's alpha and the adjusted item-total score correlation coefficients were performed to study reliability. The results confirmed internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the CMFS-R, indicating that the scale has an acceptable level of validity and reliability. Therefore, this study brings a new version of the scale to assess fear related to medical procedures for use in the Spanish paediatric population.
Open Access
Impacto de la dotación de enfermeras en la calidad de la atención en centros residenciales para personas mayores
(Colegio Oficial de Enfermeras de Navarra, 2024) Escalada Hernández, Paula; Pimentel Parra, Gustavo Adolfo; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; García Vivar, Cristina
Informe elaborado por el Grupo de Investigación Inno-CARE de la Universidad Pública de Navarra, a petición del Colegio Oficial de Enfermeras de Navarra. El objetivo del informe es conocer el impacto de la dotación de enfermeras en la calidad de la atención en los centros residenciales para personas mayores. El informe se estructura en tres partes. La primera parte describe la regulación del personal sanitario de atención directa en centros residenciales en España. La segunda parte presenta una síntesis de la evidencia científica sobre la relación entre la dotación de enfermeras y la calidad de la atención. Finalmente, la tercera parte muestra un posicionamiento sobre la figura de la enfermera en las residencias de personas mayores en España.
Open Access
Intención de abandono de la profesión enfermera por salud mental en Navarra (España) durante la pandemia de COVID-19
(Gobierno de Navarra, 2025-04-30) García Vivar, Cristina; Ferraz Torres, Marta; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Fundamento. El objetivo es estimar la intención de abandono de la profesión enfermera o del puesto de trabajo en la comunidad foral de Navarra (España) durante la sexta ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 (octubre 2021-marzo 2022) y analizar su relación con el estado de salud mental de las enfermeras y sus características socio-demográficas. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo y transversal con enfermeras que trabajaron durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en instituciones sanitarias de Navarra. Se diseñó un cuestionario con escalas validadas para evaluar depresión, ansiedad, insomnio, estrés postraumático y la intención de abandonar el puesto de trabajo o la profesión enfermera. El cuestionario se envió por correo electrónico a las enfermeras colegiadas, cerrando la recogida de datos al alcanzar el tamaño muestral requerido. Resultados. Se recibieron 691 cuestionario completos. El 43% de las enfermeras manifestaron intención de abandonar la profesión y, de ellas, el 52% también consideraron la posibilidad de cambiar de puesto de trabajo. Las enfermeras con niveles moderados de ansiedad y estrés postraumático mostraron mayor intencionalidad de abandono de la profesión, así como aquellas con menor experiencia profesional. Conclusiones. La intención de abandono de la profesión enfermera en Navarra durante la sexta ola de la pandemia por COVID-19 se asocia significativamente con niveles moderados de ansiedad y estrés postraumático, y menor experiencia profesional. Es necesario implementar estrategias para mejorar las condiciones laborales, promover el bienestar mental y reducir el riesgo de abandono profesional de las enfermeras, especialmente en contextos de crisis sanitaria.
Open Access
A themed game to learn about nursing theories and models: a descriptive study
(Elsevier, 2020) San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
One of the most demanding challenges for teachers in undergraduate nursing programmes is teaching the intangible aspects of the discipline, such as its conceptual and theoretical bases. This study aimed to evaluate nursing students' satisfaction and knowledge acquisition after taking part in a specific themed game to learn about nursing theories and models. A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, interventional study was undertaken involving 105 nursing degree students. After taking part in a themed game called 'The Nurse Theorist game', the knowledge acquired by the students was assessed plus their satisfaction with the game. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the average score for knowledge was 8.28 points (on a scale of 0–10); the overall average score for satisfaction was 7.60 points out of 10. The scores obtained for satisfaction with each aspect of the game ranged from 2.90 to 3.90 out of 5. All the students recommended using this game for this subject in the years to come. To conclude, the proposal for a themed game specifically for learning nursing theories and models has been revealed to be effective in terms of knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction.
Open Access
Transcultural adaptation and theoretical models validation of the Spanish version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory
(Frontiers Media, 2024-09-10) Martínez Tofé, Jesús; Ausili, Davide; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Santolalla-Arnedo, Iván; Durante, Ángela; Di Nitto, Marco; Lysanets, Yuliia; Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández, Regina; Tejada Garrido, Clara Isabel; Sánchez Barba, Mercedes; Gea-Caballero, Vicente; Juárez-Vela, Raúl; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: for patients with diabetes mellitus, self-care is crucial because it prevents complications and helps preserve quality of life. Clinicians and researchers require effective tools for assessing self-care behaviors across various dimensions to identify individual needs and maximize resource allocation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI). Methods: two hundred eighteen participants with DMT1 and DMT2 who were recruited through convenience sampling from a university hospital participated in our cross-sectional study. After translation and cultural adaptation, the enrolled patients answered the questions. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on each of the SCODI scales and Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed using our models which appropriate fit indices. Results: the original structure of the four-dimensions tool was confirmed. The overall consistency across the four scales was assessed by Cronbach's alpha: self-care maintenance (0.766), self-care monitoring (0.790), self-care management (0.771), and self-care confidence (0.936). The model fit yielded a chi-square index of 1.028 with 773 degrees of freedom. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit, thereby affirming the reliability of the model. Conclusion: the internal consistency and reliability of the SCODI Spanish version are deemed adequate. This tool is appropriate when it is desired to evaluate the self-care practices of Spanish persons suffering from diabetes due to its good psychometric qualities.