Open Access
How did COVID-19 lockdown impact the health of older adults in nursing homes?: a scoping review
(BMC, 2024) San Martín-Erice, Isabel; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Furtado Eraso, Sara; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults in nursing homes is signifcant, with high death rates, disrupted care, isolation measures, and inadequate treatment. Social isolation has increased risks of cognitive disorders, anxiety, and depression. While many studies have examined the pandemic’s efects on nursing home staf and residents’ families, less is known about the health consequences for the residents themselves. This review aims to synthesize literature on the COVID-19 lockdown’s impact on the functional, cognitive, and psycho-emotional states of older adults in nursing homes. Methods. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA exten sion for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Four databases were searched: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Psy cINFO. The eligibility criteria included studies on older adults in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, with data that could be disaggregated for this population and results on the lockdown’s impact on physical, cognitive, and psycho-emotional levels. Results. Seventeen articles met the criteria for data extraction The synthesis was categorized into four main areas: functional, cognitive and psycho-emotional status, and isolation measures. Key fndings included decreased func tional abilities, lower cognitive test scores during the pandemic’s frst waves, development of psychological symp toms, and increased negative feelings among residents. Conclusions. Highlighting the consequences of confnement for nursing home residents is essential for updating evidence, developing efective strategies, and establishing protocols to mitigate the impact and prevent health issues in future pandemics.
Open Access
HIV Incidence Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a time trend Aanalysis of the 2000-2017 Period
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2021) Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Arregui Azagra, Adriana; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Elizalde Beiras, Itsaso; Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to use data from the United Nations Global Indicators Database to analyze the trends in the HIV incidence rate among women in sub-Saharan African countries between 2000 and 2017. The HIV incidence rate is defined as the number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population, aged 15 to 49 years old. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to identify periods when there were significant changes in the HIV incidence rate. The results show that there was a global decrease trend in the HIV incidence rates among women in sub-Saharan Africa, decreasing in all sub-Saharan African countries, except in Angola, Equatorial Guinea, and Sudan, which have remained the same, and Madagascar, where the overall trend is increasing. The joinpoint regression statistical method offers an in-depth analysis of the incidence of HIV among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Copyright © 2021 Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.
Open Access
Mental health of spanish nurses working during the covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
(Wiley, 2022) San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ferraz Torres, Marta; Rodríguez Matesanz, Irati; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Aim. To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare centers in Navarre (Spain). Background. Healthcare workers, especially nurses, are at high risk for developing mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. Introduction. Spain ranks among the European countries with the highest incidence of and mortality from COVID-19 and has a 31% deficit in the number of nurses compared with the average for the European Union. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving 800 Registered Nurses in Navarre, Spain. Four standardized instruments, along with a self-administered online questionnaire, were used to measure the impact in terms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to report this study. Results. Of the 800 nurses, 68% had some level of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, and of these, 38% had moderate or severe symptoms. Those who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes showed a higher impact on their mental health. Discussion. The sustained pressure that nurses have experienced in their work during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected their mental health. Conclusion. This study found that nurses who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes during the pandemic had worse mental health outcomes. Implications for nursing/policy. Recommendations for nursing policy include the need to implement coaching and emotional programs to support nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic. There is also an urgent need for the implementation of national training programs to strengthen health emergency preparedness, improve response capacity, and increase the resilience of nurses to disasters.
Open Access
Use of telehealth among cancer survivors: a scoping review
(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2023) Irurita Morales, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Long-term cancer survivors have specific needs that are frequently neglected. Telehealth, as a new form of health care, can benefit this growing population.Objective: To identify, analyze, and synthesize the existing evidence on the use of telehealth in the care of cancer survivors after the end of treatment.Methods: A scoping review was conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, COCHRANE, SCIELO, DIALNET, and LILACS and reference institutions in cancer.Results: The initial search yielded 406 publications with 59 articles meeting the eligibility criteria. There are different types of telehealth (video calls, phone calls, websites, mobile applications, and short message services) used for the care of cancer survivors. Most telehealth interventions focus on improving the physical and mental spheres of quality of life in the extended survival phase (from 1 to 3 years postdiagnosis), with only two articles (3%) on long-term cancer survivors (>5 years postdiagnosis). Survivors are satisfied with telehealth interventions, noting the importance of improving comprehensibility, personalization of the platforms, and the lack of excessive information included.Conclusions: Telehealth is a feasible modality for cancer survival care. The scarcity of interventions aimed at long-term survivors stands out, as does the general neglect of the social and spiritual spheres of quality of life.Implications for Practice: Telehealth platforms must adapt their content, format, and items to the preferences reported by the survivors.
Open Access
Effectiveness of digital health on the quality of life of long-term breast cancer survivors: a systematic review
(Elsevier, 2023) Pimentel Parra, Gustavo Adolfo; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objectives: To identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the available evidence on the effectiveness of digital health interventions to improve the quality of life or any of its four dimensions (physical, psychological, social, and spiritual) in women survivors of breast cancer who are in the extended or permanent survival stage. Data Sources: Systematic review—Four databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Conclusion: The clinical evidence shows a positive relationship or association between eHealth use and improved quality of life in breast cancer survivors at extended or permanent survival stage. However, the findings point to a deficit in the assessment of the social and spiritual domains that play a fundamental role in the quality of life of survivors. Implication for Nursing Practice: The findings found reflect implications of great value for nursing practice because these professionals are the main users of digital health tools to provide them to patients. Using these digital tools contributes to improving evidence-based practice and providing greater efficiency and effectiveness in the care of long-term cancer survivors.
Open Access
Social determinants of health in post-treatment cancer survivors: scoping review
(Elsevier, 2024) Lara-Morales, Alfredo; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Agudelo-Suárez, Andrés A.; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Purpose: To identify, analyze and describe the available scientific evidence about the influence of social determinants of health on cancer survivors. Methods: A scoping review was outlined according to the steps described by the Joanna Brigs Institute Reviewer¿s Manual: selection of studies, data mapping, and results grouping, synthesis and report, was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and LILACS databases were searched from 2011 to 2023. Results: Out of a total of 1783 papers initially screened, only 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review, focusing on the primary social determinants impacting the health of cancer survivors. These studies were categorized into six main themes: a) employment (challenges in work reintegration and work-place difficulties); b) variations among different ethnic groups; c) disparities based on sex; d) barriers and facilitators in accessing health and social security services; e) the role of support networks and social environments; and f) socioeconomic lever (influence of income and socioeconomic status). Conclusions: Understanding the impact of social determinants on the post-treatment quality of life for cancer survivors is crucial. Comprehensive survivorship care should address not just medical needs but also holistic aspects like social support, education, overall well-being, and improvements in physical and social environments. This multifaceted approach ensures the well-rounded support needed for optimal survivorship outcomes.
Open Access
Educación interprofesional en ciencias de la salud con la colaboración de pacientes
(Elsevier, 2022) Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Ortega Moneo, María; Viscarret Garro, Juan Jesús; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Sociología y Trabajo Social; Soziologia eta Gizarte Lana
Introducción: la educación interprofesional en las ciencias de la salud es un enfoque muy efectivo tanto para la formación general del estudiante como para abordar diferentes aspectos específicos. Un nuevo paradigma aboga por la transformación de la filosofía de la atención sanitaria, cambiando el enfoque de cuidado centrado en el paciente a «cuidado en asociación con el paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una actividad de educación interprofesional con la integración del paciente con una enfermedad crónica, en los grados de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Trabajo Social de una universidad pública española. Métodos: para dar respuesta al objetivo se aplicó un diseño paralelo convergente de metodología mixta. Diecisiete estudiantes de los grados de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Trabajo Social evaluaron una actividad formativa, denominada ¿Integración de la Perspectiva del Paciente en la Atención Multidisciplinar, mediante un cuestionario. Se recogieron datos sobre la adquisición de conocimiento y las competencias, y su satisfacción con la actividad. Además, los 2 pacientes implicados evaluaron la actividad mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y los docentes, con un breve cuestionario. Resultados: en la evaluación objetiva de las competencias, los estudiantes obtuvieron una puntuación global media de 7,63 puntos (DE: 2,33) sobre 10. Los estudiantes valoraron su satisfacción con la actividad con una nota media global de 4,49 (DE: 0,61) sobre 5. Tanto los pacientes como los docentes valoraron de forma muy positiva la actividad. Conclusión: los resultados presentados muestran cómo esta experiencia de aprendizaje ha sido altamente satisfactoria para todos los participantes, y cómo los estudiantes han logrado adquirir las competencias previstas
Open Access
Impact of individual and job characteristics on nurses' scope of practice in spanish hospital units
(Wiley, 2024) Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background. Nurses are one of the largest and costliest groups in healthcare organizations; therefore, it is important to comprehend their scope of practice. Aim. To contribute to the improvement of nursing resource management in medical-surgical and Intensive Care Units by identifying factors that influence the scope of nursing practice. The hypothesis was that the activities carried out by nurses in medical-surgical units and intensive care units are influenced by individual and job-related factors, with job characteristics having an additive and moderating effect on individual characteristics. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional correlational design to test the relationship between the individual and job characteristics on the nursing scope of practice measured by the Actual Scope of Nursing Practice (ASCOP) questionnaire. The sample consisted of 270 nurses. Linear mixed effects models analysis (LME) was used with the aleatory effect of the intensive care unit (ICU). Results. Belonging to the ICU decreased the scope of practice of nurses. We found a statistically significant effect of psychological demand, practice environment, role ambiguity, and growth need strength on the scope of nursing practice. The models explained a variance up to 24%. Conclusions. Although the survey results revealed the existence of broader scope of practice levels in Spanish hospital units than in the original Canadian study, the use of scope of nursing practice remains suboptimal. Higher levels on the psychological demand, the practice environment and in the individual growth need strength were related with a broader scope of practice. Otherwise, role ambiguity negatively affected the scope of practice. Implications for Nursing Management. This article provides an analysis of the impact of individual and job-related characteristics on the nursing scope of practice. It serves as a valuable resource for both managers and nurses, offering insights to improve nurses' working conditions and obtain more efficient workforces.
Open Access
Guía del Programa Health-Friendly. Intervención para la disminución del miedo al entorno sanitario en niños y niñas de edad escolar
(2021) Escalada Hernández, Paula; Ferraz Torres, Marta; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
El programa Health-Friendly tiene como objetivo reducir el miedo al entorno sanitario de los niños y niñas entre 5 y 9 años. Es un programa de inmersión basado en una intervención en la que los niños y niñas, a través de un entorno sanitario simulado, toman contacto con distintos escenarios, como una consulta de enfermería o una habitación de hospitalización quirúrgica. En el proyecto de diseño y evaluación del programa Health-Friendly participaron niños y niñas de distintos colegios de Navarra. La intervención se llevó a cabo en el Espacio de Habilidades Clínicas y Simulación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA).
Embargo
Virtual reality to reduce pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer: a scoping review
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024-09-02) Cuñado Pradales, Rebeca; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: cancer and its treatments cause symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and emotional distress, which affect the quality of life of patients at different stages of cancer. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising alternative for addressing these symptoms by immersing patients in a virtual environment that isolates them from reality. Objective: to describe the existing evidence on the use of VR to improve pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer at different stages of the cancer trajectory. Methods: a scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL until October 2023. Results: twenty-three primary studies related to the study topic were identified, and the following information was collected: type of VR (immersive vs nonimmersive) used in oncology services, purpose (distraction, training, or relaxation), devices used (head-mounted display, headset, or virtual controller), and the environment simulated (natural environment, skill games, or educational environment). The effects of VR on pain, fatigue, and emotional distress are described, highlighting its ability to mitigate these symptoms in the short term.