Open Access
Seguimiento telefónico en la prevención de la conducta suicida
(Canal Editorial, 2021) Goñi-Sarriés, Adriana; López-Goñi, José Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
En este capítulo se presenta la comparación de un programa de seguimiento telefónico estructurado añadido al tratamiento habitual sobre la repetición de la conducta suicida en una muestra de pacientes atendidos por intento de suicidio en urgencias de psiquiatría, con un seguimiento de un año. El grupo de comparación es una cohorte de pacientes anterior a la inclusión del programa de seguimiento telefónico.
Open Access
Substance use disorder and lifetime suicidal behaviour: a scoping review
(Elsevier, 2024) Leza González, Leire; Haro Escribano, Begoña; López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: Suicidal behaviours are prevalent in substance use disorder (SUD) patients. These behaviours have a negative impact on the psychopathological profile of these patients. However, few studies have evaluated suicide as a continuum (i.e. starting with ideation, followed by attempts and ending with death) and its evolution during treatment. The aim of this scoping review was to explore what is known about suicidal behaviour in individuals undergoing clinical treatment for SUD. Methods: The PsycINFO, Web of Science (Core Collection and MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. After screening the records based on eligibility and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were ultimately selected for inclusion. Results: Most of the studies were conducted in the USA and Europe. Only three studies evaluated suicidal behaviour with a specific instrument. The prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) in people being treated for SUD ranged from 20 % to 62.2 %, and the prevalence of suicide attempts (SA) ranged from 15.8 % to 52.1 %. Only one study reported death by suicide. Conclusions: Despite the high prevalence of suicidal behaviours and their harmful consequences, the assessment of this phenomenon is scarce and heterogeneous. There is a need to assess suicidal behaviour with standardized criteria in order to develop tailored SUD treatment.
Open Access
Completers and dropouts in a prevention programme for parents of adolescents with high-risk behaviours
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos del Principado de Asturias, 2021) López-Goñi, José Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Ituráin Jiménez de Bentrosa, Sonia; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Altas y Abandonos en un Programa de Prevención para Padres de Adolescentes con Conductas de Riesgo. Antecedentes: los principales objetivos fueron determinar la tasa de retención/abandono en un programa de prevención indicada para padres de adolescentes con conductas de riesgo, comparar a los que fi nalizaron y abandonaron en diferentes características y establecer las principales variables relacionadas con la fi nalización/abandono de la intervención. Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 367 padres (165 hombres y 202 mujeres). Se recogió información sociodemográfi ca, síntomas psicopatológicos, estados emocionales, estilos educativos y desajustes en la vida cotidiana. Resultados: la tasa de retención fue del 79,29% (n = 291), sin diferencias de sexo entre los que completaron y abandonaron. Los que completaron la intervención eran mayores, mantenían el núcleo familiar de origen y sus hijos recibían simultáneamente tratamiento en el programa de prevención para adolescentes del mismo centro. Se obtuvieron cuatro grupos en el análisis de conglomerados. Las mayores tasas de abandono se observaron entre los padres cuyos hijos no participaron del programa (29,5%; n = 18) y entre las familias que habían experimentado cambios en la composición del núcleo familiar de origen (28,9%; n = 26). Conclusiones: se destaca la relevancia de la composición familiar y el involucramiento de padres y adolescentes en la efectividad de los programas de prevención indicada.
Open Access
Prevalence and differential profile of patients with substance use disorder who have suffered physical and/or sexual abuse
(SAGE, 2021) Haro Escribano, Begoña; López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who undergo treatment present a high prevalence of lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse. Studies about this phenomenon and the specific needs of patients with a history of abuse must be carried out to tailor treatment programmes. The first goal of this paper was to determine the prevalence of physical and/or sexual abuse among patients with SUD, and the second goal was to analyse the specific characteristics of these patients. A sample of 418 subjects was assessed to achieve the first goal, and 104 subjects (52 with and 52 without a history of physical and/or sexual abuse) were examined to reach the second goal. All patients sought treatment for SUD in two Spanish clinical centres. The results showed that 15.5% of the sample had a history of physical and/or sexual abuse (42.3% of women and 9.9% of men). Patients with a history of abuse presented a higher need for SUD treatment in family and psychiatric areas and more psychopathological symptoms than patients without a history of abuse. According to this more serious profile, a patient-centred intervention considering the history of abuse is recommended. This will allow the specific needs of these patients to be met, thus improving SUD treatment success.
Open Access
Violent behaviors in primary education: evolution from 9 to 12 years old as a function of gender
(Wiley, 2024) López-Goñi, José Javier; Haro Escribano, Begoña; Peñalva Vélez, Alicia; Vega Osés, María Asunción; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación; Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
The objectives of this study were to establish the frequency of violent behaviors present in primary education (PE), to determine differences based on students' grade and gender, and to assess the evolution of behaviors between the fourth and sixth grades of PE. The research design was a cohort longitudinal ex post facto study with three measures. Data was collected at three different moments across fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of PE. The sample was composed of all the students of three public centers located in three localities of Autonomous Community of Navarra (Northern Spain). The centers had to present similar characteristics to each other and to the population of Navarra. The first three centers contacted agreed to participate. The sample was composed of 236 students (110 girls) in PE. Students completed the instrument School Violence Questionnaire-Revised. A descriptive analysis, a bivariate analysis, and a logistic regression model were performed. A gradual increase in the perception of different violent behaviors with differences between boys and girls was found. In fourth grade, there was hardly any perception of information and communication technology-related violence; it then increased until sixth grade. Boys perceived more violence from teachers toward students and among peers. Girls perceived more violent behavior between fourth and fifth grade. Preventive interventions targeting digital violence should be developed at this stage. Considering the differences found according to gender and age, it is highlighted the need to train the educative community in different areas, such as emotional competencies, school coexistence, and the detection and prevention of violent behavior.
Open Access
The relationship between perceived health and psychosocial risk in women in the service sector (cleaning)
(IOS Press, 2022) López-Goñi, José Javier; Haro Escribano, Begoña; Fernández Suárez, Iván; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
BACKGROUND: Cleaning is considered a female-dominant occupation. Women cleaning workers present a high risk of suffering impaired health probably as a result of performing low-skilled tasks. However, to date, no studies have been found that examine the health status of female cleaning workers in Spain. OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to 1) determine the level of perceived health in a sample of female cleaning workers, 2) evaluate the main psychosocial risks they face, 3) explore the relationship between perceived health and psychosocial risk factors, and 4) compare the perceived health of those women who present some psychosocial risk factor and those who do not. METHODS: This is a multi-centered cross-sectional study carried out in the service sector of a Spanish company. The final sample was composed of 455 female cleaning workers. Sociodemographic variables, perceived health status and psychosocial risk factors were assessed. RESULTS: Women presented a high perception of health status. The main psychosocial risk was lack of acknowledgement by their superiors, which affected 25.2% (n=111) of the sample. Moderate negative correlations (r=-.222 to -.442; p < .01) were identified between perceived health and evident psychosocial risks. Those women who presented some psychosocial risk (n = 174; 38.3%) had a worse state of perceived health in all variables studied. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of psychosocial risk had a relationship with a worse health perception. This article highlights the need to orient preventive actions in the psychosocial field. The COVID-19 pandemic represents a new situation to renew the health promotion between cleaning workers.
Open Access
What differentiates batterer men with and without histories of childhood family violence?
(SAGE, 2020) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Echauri, José Antonio; Azcárate, Juana M.; Martínez, María; Siria Mendaza, Sandra; López-Goñi, José Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Aims: The goals of this study were to explore the prevalence of childhood family violence (CFV) (both suffered and witnessed) among male batterers in treatment, and to analyse the specific psychological profile of these perpetrators with CFV. Method: A sample of 1421 men recruited from a specialized batterer treatment programme was assessed. A description of the sociodemographic, violence and psychopathological characteristics of the sample was carried out. Moreover, a comparison of all the variables studied between batterer men with and those without CFV was conducted. Findings: The results showed that 35.2% (n = 500) of the sample reported having been victims of CFV (67.2% of them directly suffered abuse, and 32.8% witnessed violence between their parents, mainly from father to mother). Batterers with CFV presented with more irrational beliefs both about women and about violence as a strategy to cope with everyday difficulties. Moreover, they had significantly higher scores than batterers without CFV on all psychopathological symptoms as assessed by the SCL-90-R, as well as on most of the STAXI-2 subscales. In the logistic regression analysis, the main variables related to having a history of CFV were low education level, voluntary access to the programme, having a previous psychiatric history, being an immigrant, having children, and presenting a greater number of psychopathological symptoms. Major implications: According to these results, batterers with CFV showed a higher severity in most of the variables studied than those without CFV. Consequently, these findings highlight the importance of tailoring batterer treatment programmes to their specific characteristics, particularly those regarding childhood victimization.
Open Access
Is psychological treatment equally effective for intimate partner violence perpetrators with and without childhood family violence?
(Wiley, 2020) Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Echauri, José Antonio; Siria Mendaza, Sandra; López-Goñi, José Javier; Azcárate, Juana M.; Martínez, María; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó la eficacia diferencial a largo plazo de un programa de tratamiento para agresores de violencia hacia la pareja (IPV),) dependiendo de haber sufrido o no violencia familiar infantil (CFV). Método: Se incluyó una muestra de 1.008 agresores masculinos en el estudio. En la evaluación pretratamiento se realizaron comparaciones entre maltratadores con CFV (n= 339) y sin CFV (n= 669) sobre características sociodemográficas y variables psicopatológicas. La eficacia diferencial del tratamiento se evaluó en el post-tratamiento, y en el seguimiento a un año. Resultados: La evaluación previa al tratamiento mostró que los agresores con CFV tenían un nivel de educación más bajo, tasas más altas de antecedentes psiquiátricos previos y el acceso voluntario al tratamiento. Además, iniciaron el programa de tratamiento con más síntomas psicopatológicos, evaluados a través del SCL-90-R y el STAXI-2. En cuanto a los resultados del tratamiento, las tasas no alcanzaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Las medidas repetidas ANOVA evidenciaron una mejora estadísticamente significativa en los síntomas psicopatológicos en la mayoría de las variables para ambos grupos. Sin embargo, las comparaciones entre grupos sobre síntomas psicopatológicos mostraron que los agresores con CFV se vieron afectados en un grado significativamente mayor en muchas variables en el post-tratamiento y en el seguimiento, aunque no se encontraron diferencias en las tasas globales de resultados del tratamiento. Discusión: Esta investigación pone de relieve la heterogeneidad de los agresores masculinos de la IPV y la progresión diferencial a lo largo de los programas de tratamiento de acuerdo con la presencia de CFV.
Open Access
Effectiveness of a telephone prevention programme on the recurrence of suicidal behaviour. One-year follow-up
(Elsevier, 2021) López-Goñi, José Javier; Goñi-Sarriés, Adriana; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
People who have attempted suicide are considered a risk population for repeating the behaviour. Therapeutic interventions, such as telephone follow-up programmes (TFPs), are promising but more evidence for its efficacy is needed. In this multicentre, open, ex-post-facto, pre/post, one year prospective study, a previous cohort discharged from the emergency department for a suicide attempt (SA) and given routine treatment (n=207) was compared with a similar group who received the same intervention plus a structured TFP of six calls (n=203). At one year of follow-up, the efficacy of the TFP at preventing SA was assessed. A total of 53.2% (n=108) of the patients finished the TFP. A total of 20.3% (n=42) of the routine treatment group and 23.6% (n=48) of the TFP group reattempted at least once in the follow-up period (χ2=0.7;df=1;p=.412). However, in both groups, different subsamples of patients who presented extreme risk of SA at follow-up (0-57%) were identified. In the TFP group, the recurrence of suicidal behaviour was lower in patients admitted after the index attempt and in those who had more severe psychopathological symptoms, but not in the other profiles. Thus, this study has identified a specific profile of patients who could benefit from a brief-contact intervention.
Open Access
Relationship between family mental health problems and substance use disorders: a gender perspective analysis
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023) López-Goñi, José Javier; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Arteaga Olleta, Alfonso; Leza González, Leire; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: Little is known about family mental illness and substance use disorder (SUD). This casecontrol study explored the relationship between family (parents and/or siblings) mental health problems (FMHP) and lifetime substance use disorder (SUD), considering a gender perspective. Methods: A sample of 387 patients (n = 306 men, 79.1%; n = 81 women, 20.9%) was recruited from the Proyecto Hombre Navarra (Spain) addiction treatment program. Patients with (80 men; 24 women) and without (226 men; 57 women) FMHP were compared, taking sex into account. Results: The prevalence of FMHP was 26.9%, without significant differences between men (n = 80; 26.1%) and women (n = 24; 29.6%). Men with FMHP reported higher severity in family/social and psychiatric areas than those without FMHP. Women with FMHP reported a higher severity in the psychiatric area and a higher prevalence of anxiety problems, suicidal attempts, previous psychopharmacological treatments, and physical abuse than women without FMHP. Conclusions: FMHP is highly prevalent in patients with SUD. They are associated with lifetime psychopathological problems, mainly in men. Further specific research is needed to evaluate this issue to develop specific treatments tailored to the needs of patients with FMHP.