Open Access
Aggregator to electric vehicle LoRaWAN based communication analysis in vehicle-to-grid systems in smart cities
(IEEE, 2020) Klaina, Hicham; Picallo Guembe, Imanol; López Iturri, Peio; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
Recently, there has been growing attention to the power grid management due to the increasing concerns on global warming. With the advancement in electric vehicles (EV) industry and the evolution in batteries, EVs become an important contributor to the grid with capability of bidirectional power exchange with the grid. In this context, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) systems enable multiple functionalities between EVs and the corresponding aggregator. Thus, reliable, long-range communication capabilities between aggregator and EVs is compulsory. In this paper, wireless channel analysis for aggregator and electrical vehicle communication using Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology in V2G is presented, in order to test a low-cost solution with large coverage and reduced power consumption profile. Wireless channel and system-level measurements have been performed in a real urban scenario between EV's charging station in Pamplona (Spain) and a vehicle in motion using LoRaWAN 868 MHz devices. Wireless channel characterization is performed by implementing a full 3D urban scenario model, including elements such as buildings, vehicles, users and urban infrastructure such as lamp posts and benches. By means of in-house developed 3D Ray Launching algorithm with hybrid simulation capabilities, estimations of received power levels, signal to noise ratio and time domain parameters have been obtained, for the complete volume of the scenario under test in dense urban conditions. V2G end to end communication has been validated by implementing an intra-vehicle Controller Area Network-BUS (CAN BUS) data gathering system connected to the vehicle LoRaWAN transceiver and subsequently, to a cloud-based web service. The results show that the accurate deterministic based radio channel analysis enables to optimize the network design of LoRaWAN networks in a vehicular environment, considering inter-vehicular and infrastructure links, enabling scalable, low cost end to end data exchange for the deployment of ancillary V2G services.
Open Access
Arquitectura de publicación automatizada de contenidos educativos supervisados en Internet
(1999) Arin Irastorza, María Asunción; Magaña Lizarrondo, Eduardo; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; González de Mendívil Moreno, José Ramón; Automática y Computación; Automatika eta Konputazioa
This paper presents an automated publishing architecture of educational and supervised contents over the Internet. The system makes easier the job of publishing educational courses over the network using specific tools that automates the access control (CGI -- Common Gateway Interface), encrypts the information that goes through the net for not being accessed by strangers (SSL – Secure Sockets Layer), gives an statistical control of the usage of the system, and tutors the course. This project is multiplatform, i.e. all the components that integrate the system are available for any operating system (Windows 9X, Solaris, Linux,...) and it is based on the Web.
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An ontology-based system to avoid UAS flight conflicts and collisions in dense traffic scenarios
(Elsevier, 2023) Martín Lammerding, David; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Córdoba Izaguirre, Alberto; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
New Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) applications will increase air traffic densities in metropolitan regions. Collision avoidance systems (CAS) are a key component in integrating a high number of UAS into the airspace in a safe way. This paper presents a distributed, autonomous, and knowledge-based CAS, called Dronetology System (DroS), for UASs. The CAS proposed here is managed using a novel ontology, called Dronetology-cas, which allows to make autonomous decisions according to the knowledge inferred from the data gathered by the UAS. DroS is deployed as part of the payload of the UAS. So, it is designed to run in an embedded platform with limited processing capacity and low battery consumption. DroS collects data from sensors and collaborative elements to make smart decisions using knowledge obtained from collaborative UASs, adapting the maneuvers of the aerial vehicles to their original flight plans, their kind of vehicle, and the collision scenario. DroS accountability involves recording its internal operation to assist with reconstructing the circumstances surrounding an autonomous maneuver or the details previous to a collision. DroS has been verified using the hardware in the loop (HIL) technique with a UAS traffic environment simulator. Results obtained show a significant improvement in terms of safety by avoiding collisions.
Open Access
Intelligent SDN-based multi-protocol selector for IoT-enabled NMT networks
(IEEE, 2021) Al-Rahamneh, Anas; Astrain Escola, José Javier; López Iturri, Peio; Picallo Guembe, Imanol; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
The popularity of the Internet of Things is increasing and it is being used in many commercial sectors, using customized technologies for specific environments. Applications and protocols, and the unique requirements of each environment, pose a significant challenge for IoT applications, necessitating communication and message exchange support. This paper aims to propose an intelligent SDN-Based multi-protocol selector for IoT-enabled NMT (NonMotorized Transportation) networks. The main goal of this work is to give the mobile nodes within IoT-enabled NMT networks the flexibility to choose the appropriate wireless communication protocol from several protocols they have to transmit information according to criteria, including battery life, data size and priority of the packet, to pass the most important data first.
Open Access
IVAN: Intelligent van for the distribution of pharmaceutical drugs
(MDPI, 2012) Moreno, Asier; Angulo Martínez, Ignacio; Perallos Ruiz, Asier; Landaluce, Hugo; García Zuazola, Ignacio Julio; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
This paper describes a telematic system based on an intelligent van which is capable of tracing pharmaceutical drugs over delivery routes from a warehouse to pharmacies, without altering carriers' daily conventional tasks. The intelligent van understands its environment, taking into account its location, the assets and the predefined delivery route; with the capability of reporting incidences to carriers in case of failure according to the established distribution plan. It is a non-intrusive solution which represents a successful experience of using smart environments and an optimized Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) embedded system in a viable way to resolve a real industrial need in the pharmaceutical industry. The combination of deterministic modeling of the indoor vehicle, the implementation of an ad-hoc radiating element and an agile software platform within an overall system architecture leads to a competitive, flexible and scalable solution.
Open Access
Spatial characterization of radio propagation channel in urban vehicle-to-infrastructure environments to support WSNs deployment
(MDPI, 2017) Granda, Fausto; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Vargas Rosales, César; López Iturri, Peio; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática
Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to communicate with each other as well as with roadside units (RSUs). Although there is a significant research effort in radio channel modeling focused on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), not much work has been done for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) using 3D ray-tracing tools. This work evaluates some important parameters of a V2I wireless channel link such as large-scale path loss and multipath metrics in a typical urban scenario using a deterministic simulation model based on an in-house 3D Ray-Launching (3D-RL) algorithm at 5.9 GHz. Results show the high impact that the spatial distance; link frequency; placement of RSUs; and factors such as roundabout, geometry and relative position of the obstacles have in V2I propagation channel. A detailed spatial path loss characterization of the V2I channel along the streets and avenues is presented. The 3D-RL results show high accuracy when compared with measurements, and represent more reliably the propagation phenomena when compared with analytical path loss models. Performance metrics for a real test scenario implemented with a VANET wireless sensor network implemented ad-hoc are also described. These results constitute a starting point in the design phase of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) radio-planning in the urban V2I deployment in terms of coverage.
Open Access
An easy to deploy street light control system based on wireless communication and LED technology
(MDPI, 2013) Elejoste Larrucea, Pilar; Angulo Martínez, Ignacio; Perallos Ruiz, Asier; Chertudi Ozamiz, Aitor; García Zuazola, Ignacio Julio; Moreno, Asier; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
This paper presents an intelligent streetlight management system based on LED lamps, designed to facilitate its deployment in existing facilities. The proposed approach, which is based on wireless communication technologies, will minimize the cost of investment of traditional wired systems, which always need civil engineering for burying of cable underground and consequently are more expensive than if the connection of the different nodes is made over the air. The deployed solution will be aware of their surrounding’s environmental conditions, a fact that will be approached for the system intelligence in order to learn, and later, apply dynamic rules. The knowledge of real time illumination needs, in terms of instant use of the street in which it is installed, will also feed our system, with the objective of providing tangible solutions to reduce energy consumption according to the contextual needs, an exact calculation of energy consumption and reliable mechanisms for preventive maintenance of facilities.
Unknown
Smart charging station with photovoltaic and energy storage for supplying electric buses
(IEEE, 2022) Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Puy Pérez de Laborda, Guillermo; El Hamzaoui, Ismail; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; López Martín, Antonio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
A Smart Charging Station (SCS) has been installed in the Public University of Navarre, Spain, in the framework of the H2020 Smart City Lighthouse STARDUST project. The SCS consists of a high-power electric bus charging point (300 kW), a 100 kW photovoltaic system, a 84 kWh support energy storage system based on a second-life lithiumion battery, and a monitoring and control system that allows the safe storage and convenient access to operation data. This SCS operates as a Smart Grid, being able to provide the power peaks required by the electric bus charger, reducing and smoothing the power demanded from the distribution grid and increasing the renewable energy self-consumption rate. This contribution presents a novel monitoring and control system, which is a key tool to integrate this SCS in the data infrastructure of a Smart City, as well as an energy management system able to operate the SCS to achieve the above-mentioned technical requirements. The crucial role of the monitoring and control system and the energy management system becomes evident in this work.
Open Access
Integration of autonomous wireless sensor networks in academic school gardens
(MDPI, 2018) López Iturri, Peio; Celaya Echarri, Mikel; Azpilicueta Fernández de las Heras, Leyre; Aguirre Gallego, Erik; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Villadangos Alonso, Jesús; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this work, the combination of capabilities provided by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with parameter observation in a school garden is employed in order to provide an environment for school garden integration as a complementary educational activity in primary schools. Wireless transceivers with energy harvesting capabilities are employed in order to provide autonomous system operation, combined with an ad-hoc implemented application called MySchoolGardenApp, based on a modular software architecture. The system enables direct parameter observation, data analysis and processing capabilities, which can be employed by students in a cloud based platform. Providing remote data access allows the adaptation of content to specific classroom/homework needs. The proposed monitoring WSN has been deployed in an orchard located in the schoolyard of a primary school, which has been built with EnOcean's energy harvesting modules, providing an optimized node device as well network layout. For the assessment of the wireless link quality and the deployment of the modules, especially the central module which needs to receive directly the signals of all the sensor modules, simulation results obtained by an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching deterministic method have been used, providing coverage/capacity estimations applicable to the specific school environment case. Preliminary trials with MySchoolGardenApp have been performed, showing the feasibility of the proposed platform as an educational resource in schools, with application in specific natural science course content, development of technological skills and the extension of monitoring capabilities to new context-aware applications.
Open Access
Future wireless communication systems to enable IoMT services and applications
(CRC Press, 2023) Trigo Vilaseca, Jesús Daniel; Astrain Escola, José Javier; Serrano Arriezu, Luis Javier; Falcone Lanas, Francisco; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika
Wireless communication systems play a key role in the adoption of IoMT services and applications, owing to inherent mobility capabilities, providing highly scalable and flexible deployments. In this chapter, the framework for IoMT wireless communication system evolution, from current LPWAN/5G connectivity to future B5G systems, focusing on sub THz (mainly in the 100 GHz to 300 GHz frequency range) and THz bands (up to 10 THz) is described. Further, the requirements in terms of device integration, node density, interference and energy handling is also discussed. The specific requirements in terms of wearable devices, considering intra-body, on-body and off-body communication links, coverage/capacity estimations for different case uses considering different communication link types are also presented. At last, different application scenarios, such as the evolution of current IoMT applications towards sensing networks, and security as well as interoperability and standardization aspects within the IoMT communication framework are discussed in detail.