Overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countries

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dc.contributor.authorLópez Gil, José Francisco
dc.contributor.authorTárraga López, Pedro J.
dc.contributor.authorHershey, María Soledad
dc.contributor.authorLópez-Bueno, Rubén
dc.contributor.authorGutiérrez Espinoza, Héctor
dc.contributor.authorSoler-Marín, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorFernández-Montero, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorVictoria-Montesinos, Desirée
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias de la Saludes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentOsasun Zientziakeu
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-20T15:03:52Z
dc.date.available2024-05-20T15:03:52Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.date.updated2024-05-20T14:25:18Z
dc.description.abstractBackground. To date, no previous meta-analysis has determined the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale. The aim of the present study was 2-fold: first, to establish the overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms on a global scale, assessed with the ORTO-15 questionnaire; and second, to determine the role of sex, type of population, mean age, body mass index, and the temporal trend in relation to orthorexia nervosa symptoms. Methods. Four databases were searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) with date limits from January 2005 to June 2023. Studies assessing the proportion of orthorexia nervosa assessed using the ORTO-15 questionnaire with a cutoff of <35 or <40 points were included in this review. Results. The overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms (using the cutoff <35 points) was 27.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 23.5-31.6, I2 = 97.0%). In addition, no significant differences were observed between females (34.6%, 95% CI = 29.5-39.8, I2 = 96.1%) and males (32.1%, 95% CI = 26.5-38.1, I2 = 93.1%). According to the type of population, the highest overall proportion was found in people focused on sports performance or body composition (34.5%, 95% CI = 23.1-47.0, I2 = 98.0%). Notwithstanding, caution should be exercised in interpreting this result, as reverse causality could be a potential pitfall in this relationship. Conclusions. We found that approximately three out of 10 study participants showed orthorexia nervosa symptoms according to the ORTO-15 tool. This overall proportion was higher in those participants who were athletes or fitness practitioners. Over the years, the proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms seems to be increasing. These high percentages and their increase are worrisome from a public health perspective and highlight the need to develop psychometric instruments to aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment efficacy.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDr José Francisco López-Gil is a Margarita Salas Fellow (Universidad Pública de Navarra – 1225/2022). Open access funding provided by Universidad de Las Américas (Quito, Ecuador).en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationLópez-Gil, J. F., Tárraga-López, P. J., Soledad Hershey, M., López-Bueno, R., Gutiérrez-Espinoza, H., Soler-Marín, A., Fernández-Montero, A., Victoria-Montesinos, D. (2023) Overall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countries. Journal of Global Health, 13, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.13.04087.en
dc.identifier.doi10.7189/JOGH.13.04087
dc.identifier.issn2047-2978
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/48135
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherInternational Society of Global Healthen
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Global Health 2023, 13, 04087en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.13.04087
dc.rights© 2023 The Author(s). Creative Commons BY 4.0.en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectOrthorexia nervosa symptomsen
dc.titleOverall proportion of orthorexia nervosa symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis including 30 476 individuals from 18 countriesen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa8a724dc-bd51-4ab2-8e46-97e362d3ba8f
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverya8a724dc-bd51-4ab2-8e46-97e362d3ba8f

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