Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids

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dc.contributor.authorLi, Hao
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Ziheng
dc.contributor.authorSun, Wangyu
dc.contributor.authorLobet, Michaël
dc.contributor.authorEngheta, Nader
dc.contributor.authorLiberal Olleta, Íñigo
dc.contributor.authorLi, Yue
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzareneu
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Smart Cities - ISCen
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicaciónes_ES
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-21T14:41:42Z
dc.date.available2022-11-21T14:41:42Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.updated2022-11-18T08:22:21Z
dc.description.abstractNear-zero-index (NZI) media have been theoretically identified as media where electromagnetic radiations behave like ideal electromagnetic fluids. Within NZI media, the electromagnetic power flow obeys equations similar to those of motion for the velocity field in an ideal fluid, so that optical turbulence is intrinsically inhibited. Here, we experimentally observe the electromagnetic power flow distribution of such an ideal electromagnetic fluid propagating within a cutoff waveguide by a semi-analytical reconstruction technique. This technique provides direct proof of the inhibition of electromagnetic vorticity at the NZI frequency, even in the presence of complex obstacles and topological changes in the waveguide. Phase uniformity and spatially-static field distributions, essential characteristics of NZI materials, are also observed. Measurement of the same structure outside the NZI frequency range reveals existence of vortices in the power flow, as expected for conventional optical systems. Therefore, our results provide an important step forward in the development of ideal electromagnetic fluids, and introduce a tool to explore the subwavelength behavior of NZI media including fully vectorial and phase information. © 2022, The Author(s).en
dc.description.sponsorshipY.L. acknowledges partial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant 62022045. I.L. acknowledges support from Ramón y Cajal fellowship RYC2018-024123-I and project RTI2018-093714-301J-I00 sponsored by MCIU/AEI/FEDER/UE and ERC Starting Grant 948504.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationLi, H.; Zhou, Z.; Sun, W.; Lobet, M.; Engheta, N.; Liberal, I.; Li, Y.. (2022). Direct observation of ideal electromagnetic fluids. Nature Communications. 13,4747 1-8 .en
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41467-022-32187-2
dc.identifier.issn2041-1723
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/44427
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen
dc.relation.ispartofNature Communications (2022) 13:4747en
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/RTI2018-093714-J-I00/ES/
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32187-2
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectIdeal electromagnetic fluiden
dc.subjectNear-zer-index (NZI) mediaen
dc.titleDirect observation of ideal electromagnetic fluidsen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication781ff0dc-60db-4bd0-bef0-49e27c76b542
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery781ff0dc-60db-4bd0-bef0-49e27c76b542

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