Trends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decades

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dc.contributor.authorHerrera-Ramos, Estefanía
dc.contributor.authorTomaino, Laura
dc.contributor.authorSánchez Villegas, María Almudena
dc.contributor.authorRibas-Barba, Lourdes
dc.contributor.authorGómez, Santiago F.
dc.contributor.authorWärnberg, Julia
dc.contributor.authorOsés Recalde, Maddi
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Gross, Marcela
dc.contributor.authorGusi, Narcís
dc.contributor.authorAznar, Susana
dc.contributor.authorMarín-Cascales, Elena
dc.contributor.authorGonzález Valeiro, Miguel A.
dc.contributor.authorTerrados, Nicolás
dc.contributor.authorTur, Josep A.
dc.contributor.authorSegú, Marta
dc.contributor.authorFitó, Montserrat
dc.contributor.authorHoms, Clara
dc.contributor.authorBenavente-Marín, Juan C.
dc.contributor.authorLabayen Goñi, Idoia
dc.contributor.authorZapico, Augusto G.
dc.contributor.authorSánchez-Gómez, Jesús
dc.contributor.authorJiménez-Zazo, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorAlcaraz, Pedro E.
dc.contributor.authorSevilla-Sánchez, Marta
dc.contributor.authorPulgar, Susana
dc.contributor.authorBouzas, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorSistac-Sorigué, Clara
dc.contributor.authorSchröder, Helmut
dc.contributor.authorSerra-Majem, Lluis
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODen
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-20T17:44:11Z
dc.date.available2023-10-20T17:44:11Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.date.updated2023-10-20T16:05:22Z
dc.description.abstractUnhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8–16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998–2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019–2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence (p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019–2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019–2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998–2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental one.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThe PASOS study (2019–2020) has been funded mainly by the Gasol Foundation and Fundación PROBITAS. Barça Foundation, Banco Santander, Vienna, Grupo IFA, and Fundación Deporte Joven also contributed additional funds. J.A.T., C.B., and M.G.-G. were funded by CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038) of the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The enKid study (1998–2000) had been a project funded by Kellogg’s España SA and Kellogg’s Company, Battle Creek, USA via the Fundación Universitaria de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and the Fundación para la Investigation Nutritional.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationHerrera-Ramos, E., Tomaino, L., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Ribas-Barba, L., Gómez, S. F., Wärnberg, J., Osés, M., González-Gross, M., Gusi, N., Aznar, S., Marín-Cascales, E., González-Valeiro, M. Á., Terrados, N., Tur, J. A., Segú, M., Fitó, M., Homs, C., Benavente-Marín, J. C., Labayen, I., Zapico, A. G., Sánchez-Gómez, J., Jiménez-Zazo, F., Alcaraz-Ramón, P. E., Sevilla-Sanchez, M., Pulgar-Muñoz, S., Bouzas, C., Sistac-Sorigué, C., Schröder, H., Serra-Majem, L. (2023) Trends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decades. Nutrients, 15(10), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102348.en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu15102348
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/46603
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients 2023, 15(10), 2348en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102348
dc.rights© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAdolescentsen
dc.subjectChildrenen
dc.subjectMediterranean dieten
dc.subjectNutrition surveyen
dc.subjectSpainen
dc.titleTrends in adherence to the mediterranean diet in spanish children and adolescents across two decadesen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationae8afd07-1f10-4da5-8582-93b90a18aa88
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa3f4aa23-172a-47fb-9faf-647f655f7085
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb36e2b1d-3088-4089-806e-fd3040e9583a
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryae8afd07-1f10-4da5-8582-93b90a18aa88

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