Executive function tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States

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dc.contributor.authorRamos Usuga, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorRivera, Diego
dc.contributor.authorXia, Bridget
dc.contributor.authorCarrión, Carmen I.
dc.contributor.authorMorel Valdés, Gloria M.
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Oswaldo
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez, Miriam J.
dc.contributor.authorKrch, Denise
dc.contributor.authorWongserbchart, Wongthipa
dc.contributor.authorDrago, Christin I.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorRivera, Patricia M.
dc.contributor.authorOlabarrieta Landa, Laiene
dc.contributor.authorPerrin, Paul B.
dc.contributor.authorArango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias de la Saludes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentOsasun Zientziakeu
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-28T09:53:42Z
dc.date.available2025-02-28T09:53:42Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-02
dc.date.updated2025-02-28T09:50:37Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. Objective: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (M-WCST, SCWT) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the U.S. Methods: we assessed 245 individuals aged 18-80 from eight U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin) and employed Bayesian regression to estimate norms, considering various sociodemographic factors influencing performance. Results: age impacts SCWT scores negatively, especially in older individuals, with stronger effects among those proficient in Spanish. Age also affects M-WCST performance more in individuals with longer U.S. residency. Education correlates with M-WCST outcomes, with lower attainment linked to more errors. Education interacts with Spanish proficiency, influencing SCWT scores differently based on proficiency levels. Sex and acculturation levels interact, affecting SCWT performance differently between men and women. Conclusions: establishing culturally sensitive normative data can enhance accurate identification of executive dysfunction and reduce misdiagnosis risks. This underscores the importance of considering sociocultural factors including acculturation and language proficiency in neuropsychological assessments to better serve diverse populations.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported in part by grants awarded to Carmen I. Carrión, Psy.D. from the National Institutes of Health (NIH; grant number P30 AG066508) and CTSA (grant number UL1 TR001863) from the National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), a component of the NIH. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official view of NIH. This research was furthermore funded in part by a grant awarded to Miriam J Rodríguez to the NIH/National Institute on Aging (grant number L60 AG069322).
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationRamos Usuga, D., Rivera, D., Xia, B., Carrión, C. I., Morel Valdés, G. M., Moreno, O., Rodríguez, M. J., Krch, D., Wongserbchart, W., Drago, C. I., García, P., Rivera, P. M., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Perrin, P. B., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2024). Executive function tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States. NeuroRehabilitation, 55(2), 209-221. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-240088.
dc.identifier.doi10.3233/NRE-240088
dc.identifier.issn1053-8135
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/53609
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofNeuroRehabilitation (2024), vol. 55, núm. 2
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-240088
dc.rights© 2024 - IOS Press. This is an author accepted manuscript and its reuse is restricted to non-commercial and no derivative uses.
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectAcculturationen
dc.subjectCultural diversityen
dc.subjectExecutive functionen
dc.subjectHispanic or latinoen
dc.subjectNeuropsychological testsen
dc.subjectWisconsin card sorting testen
dc.titleExecutive function tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United Statesen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc4afffcd-789f-49bd-984d-0604e901154b
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf893b2b6-98c4-4fcc-b6e2-b80494f50a9c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc4afffcd-789f-49bd-984d-0604e901154b

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