Moderate, little, or no improvements in neurobehavioral symptoms among individuals with long COVID: A 34-country retrospective study

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dc.contributor.authorRamos Usuga, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorPerrin, Paul B.
dc.contributor.authorBogdanova, Yelena
dc.contributor.authorOlabarrieta Landa, Laiene
dc.contributor.authorAlzueta, Elisabet
dc.contributor.authorBaker, Fiona C.
dc.contributor.authorIacovides, Stella
dc.contributor.authorCortes, Mar
dc.contributor.authorArango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias de la Saludes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentOsasun Zientziakeu
dc.date.accessioned2023-04-18T18:14:43Z
dc.date.available2023-04-18T18:14:43Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.date.updated2023-04-18T18:11:00Z
dc.description.abstract(1) Background: Some people with COVID-19 develop a series of symptoms that last for several months after infection, known as Long COVID. Although these symptoms interfere with people’s daily functioning and quality of life, few studies have focused on neurobehavioral symptoms and the risk factors associated with their development; (2) Methods: 1001 adults from 34 countries who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory reporting the symptoms before their COVID-19 diagnosis, during the COVID-19 infection, and currently; (3) Results: Participants reported large-sized increases before vs. during COVID-19 in all domains. Participants reported a medium-sized improvement (during COVID-19 vs. now) in somatic symptoms, a small-sized improvement in affective symptoms, and very minor/no improvement in cognitive symptoms. The risk factors for increased neurobehavioral symptoms were: being female/trans, unemployed, younger age, low education, having another chronic health condition, greater COVID-19 severity, greater number of days since the COVID-19 diagnosis, not having received oxygen therapy, and having been hospitalized. Additionally, participants from North America, Europe, and Central Asia reported higher levels of symptoms across all domains relative to Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa; (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of evaluating and treating neurobehavioral symptoms after COVID-19, especially targeting the higher-risk groups identified. General rehabilitation strategies and evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation are needed in both the acute and Long COVID phases.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDaniela Ramos Usuga was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government (PRE_2019_1_0164).en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationRamos-Usuga, D., Perrin, P. B., Bogdanova, Y., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Alzueta, E., Baker, F. C., Iacovides, S., Cortes, M., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2022). Moderate, little, or no improvements in neurobehavioral symptoms among individuals with long covid: A 34-country retrospective study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12593. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912593en
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ijerph191912593
dc.identifier.issn1661-7827
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/45137
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022, 19(19), 12593en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912593
dc.rights© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.en
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectCOVID-19en
dc.subjectLong COVIDen
dc.subjectNeurobehavioral symptomsen
dc.subjectRisk factorsen
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2en
dc.titleModerate, little, or no improvements in neurobehavioral symptoms among individuals with long COVID: A 34-country retrospective studyen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf893b2b6-98c4-4fcc-b6e2-b80494f50a9c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryf893b2b6-98c4-4fcc-b6e2-b80494f50a9c

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