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Virtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systems

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dc.contributor.authorAlibakhshikenari, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorVirdee, Bal S.
dc.contributor.authorMariyanayagam, Dion
dc.contributor.authorGarcía Zuazola, Ignacio Julio
dc.contributor.authorBenetatos, Harry
dc.contributor.authorAlthuwayb, Ayman Abdulhadi
dc.contributor.authorAlali, Bader
dc.contributor.authorXu, Kai-Da
dc.contributor.authorFalcone Lanas, Francisco Javier
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicaciónes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentInstitute of Smart Cities - ISCen
dc.contributor.departmentIngeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzareneu
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-23T17:46:23Z
dc.date.available2023-06-23T17:46:23Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.date.updated2023-06-23T17:27:07Z
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents an innovative technique to synthesize a virtual antenna array (VAA) that consumes less energy than conventional antenna arrays that are used in mobile communications systems. We have shown that for a specific spectral efficiency a wireless system using the proposed virtual antenna array consumes significantly less energy per bit (∼3 dB) than a wireless system using a conventional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array. This means the adoption of the proposed VAA technology in smartphones, iPad, Tablets and even base-stations should significantly reduce the carbon footprint of wireless systems. The proposed VAA is realized by employing a pair of linear antenna arrays that are placed in an orthogonal configuration relative to each other. This orthogonal arrangement ensures the radiation is circularly polarized. The size of the standard radiating elements constituting the VAA were miniaturized using the topology optimization method. The design of the VAA incorporates substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and metasurface technologies. The function of SIW in the design was twofold, namely, to reduce energy loss in the substrate on which the VAA is implemented, and secondly to mitigate unwanted electromagnetic interactions between the neighboring radiating elements and thereby enhancing isolation which otherwise would degrade the radiation characteristics of the array. Metasurface technology served to effectively increase the effective aperture of the array with no impact on the footprint of the array. The consequence of SIW and metasurface technologies was improvement in the gain and radiation efficiency of the array. The proposed four orthogonal 4-element VAA covers the entire sub-5 GHz frequency range, and it radiates bidirectional in the azimuth plane and omni-directional in the elevation plane. Moreover, it is relatively easy to design and fabricate. The proposed VAA has dimensions of 0.96λ0 × 0.96λ0 × 0.0016λ0 at mid-band frequency of 3 GHz. VAA has a measured gain of 25 dBi and radiates with 90% efficiency. The average isolation between the linear arrays constituting the virtual array is better than 27 dB.en
dc.description.sponsorshipDr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. The authors also extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number 223202. Additionally, this work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Gobierno de España (Agencia Estatal de Investigación, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER-, European Union) under the research grant PID2021-127409OB-C31 CONDOR.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationAlibakhshikenari, M., Virdee, B., Mariyanayagam, D., Garcia Zuazola, I., Benetatos, H. H., Althuwayb, A. A., Alali, B., Xu, K.-D., Falcone, F. (2023) Virtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systems. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 71, 439-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.056.en
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.056
dc.identifier.issn1110-0168
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/45626
dc.language.isoengen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.ispartofAlexandria Engineering Journal 71 (2023)en
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/European Commission/Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/801538en
dc.relation.projectIDinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2021-127409OB-C31en
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2023.03.056
dc.rights© 2023 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.en
dc.rights.accessRightsAcceso abierto / Sarbide irekiaes
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjectAntennasen
dc.subjectBeamformingen
dc.subjectLow energy consumptionen
dc.subjectMetasurface (MTS)en
dc.subjectMicrostrip integrated circuitsen
dc.subjectMobile handsetsen
dc.subjectMultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)en
dc.subjectPhased arraysen
dc.subjectSub-5 GHzen
dc.subjectSubstrate integrated waveguide (SIW)en
dc.subjectVirtual antenna array (VAA)en
dc.titleVirtual antenna array for reduced energy per bit transmission at Sub-5 GHz mobile wireless communication systemsen
dc.typeArtículo / Artikuluaes
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleen
dc.type.versionVersión publicada / Argitaratu den bertsioaes
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionen
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublication69667b5c-e390-42d4-bc71-9f256c1b7b85
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery69667b5c-e390-42d4-bc71-9f256c1b7b85

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