Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping
| dc.contributor.author | Barbosa, João | |
| dc.contributor.author | Marqués, Mário C. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Neiva, Henrique P. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Esteves, Dulce | |
| dc.contributor.author | Alonso Martínez, Alicia | |
| dc.contributor.author | Izquierdo Redín, Mikel | |
| dc.contributor.author | Ramírez Campillo, Rodrigo | |
| dc.contributor.author | Álvarez, Cristian | |
| dc.contributor.author | Marinho, Daniel | |
| dc.contributor.department | Ciencias de la Salud | es_ES |
| dc.contributor.department | Osasun Zientziak | eu |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-05-12T11:15:26Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2020-05-12T11:15:26Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Backpacks for transporting school loads are heavily utilized by children, and their mechanical advantages have been allowing children to transport heavy loads. These heavy loads may increase ground reaction forces (GRFs), which can have a negative effect on joints and bone health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of backpacks on the GRFs generated by children during walking, running, and jumping. Twenty-one children from the fifth (G-5, n = 9) and ninth (G-9, n = 12) grades walked, ran, and jumped over a force plate. When walking, the G-5 had GRF increments in the first (17.3%; p < 0.001) and second (15.4%; p < 0.001) peak magnitude, and in the total integral of the vertical force (20%; p < 0.001), compared to the control condition (i.e., no backpack), and the G-9 had increments of 10.4%, 9%, and 9% (p < 0.001), respectively. The G-9 did not prolong their total stance time (p > 0.05), unlike the G-5 (p = 0.001). When running, total stance time increased 15% (p < 0.001) and 8.5% (p < 0.001) proportionally to the relative load carried, in the G-5 and G-9, respectively. Peak GRF did not increase in any group when running or landing from a jump over an obstacle. It was found that GRF was affected by the backpack load when walking and running. However, when landing from a jump with the backpack, schoolchildren smoothed the landing by prolonging the reception time and thus avoiding GRF peak magnitudes. | en |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This work is supported by national funding through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., under the project UID/DTP/04045/2019 and the European Fund for Regional Development (FEDER) allocated by European Union through the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006969)—competitiveness and internationalization (POCI). | en |
| dc.format.extent | 12 p. | |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/ijerph16245154 | |
| dc.identifier.issn | 1661-7827 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/36869 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | en |
| dc.publisher | MDPI | en |
| dc.relation.ispartof | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019, 16 (24), 5154 | en |
| dc.relation.publisherversion | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245154 | |
| dc.rights | © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license | en |
| dc.rights.accessRights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
| dc.rights.uri | https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Backpack | en |
| dc.subject | Children | en |
| dc.subject | Load-carriage | en |
| dc.subject | Gait | en |
| dc.subject | Ground reaction forces | en |
| dc.title | Effects of backpacks on ground reaction forces in children of different ages when walking, running, and jumping | en |
| dc.type | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
| dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| relation.isAuthorOfPublication | ab1adc99-fe47-441e-a9c5-a8958cf8eecc | |
| relation.isAuthorOfPublication | ef73585d-4750-4f56-9d4f-0d759232dbca | |
| relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery | ab1adc99-fe47-441e-a9c5-a8958cf8eecc |