Safety and effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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dc.contributor.authorGarcía Hermoso, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorRamírez Vélez, Robinson
dc.contributor.authorLópez Sáez de Asteasu, Mikel
dc.contributor.authorMartínez Velilla, Nicolás
dc.contributor.authorZambom Ferraresi, Fabrício
dc.contributor.authorValenzuela, Pedro L.
dc.contributor.authorLucía, Alejandro
dc.contributor.authorIzquierdo Redín, Mikel
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias de la Saludes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentOsasun Zientziakeu
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-11T09:43:44Z
dc.date.available2025-03-11T09:43:44Z
dc.date.issued2020-02-04
dc.date.updated2025-03-11T09:38:17Z
dc.description.abstractBackground Physical exercise is benefcial to reduce the risk of several conditions associated with advanced age, but to our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association of long-term exercise interventions (≥1 year) with the occurrence of dropouts due to health issues and mortality, or the efectiveness of physical exercise versus usual primary care interventions on health-related outcomes in older adults (≥ 65 years old). Objective To analyze the safety and efectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults. Methods We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis examining the association of long-term exercise interventions (≥1 year) with dropouts from the corresponding study due to health issues and mortality (primary endpoint), and the efects of these interventions on health-related outcomes (falls and fall-associated injuries, fractures, physical function, quality of life, and cognition) (secondary endpoints). Results Ninety-three RCTs and six secondary studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses (n=28,523 participants, mean age 74.2 years). No diferences were found between the exercise and control groups for the risk of dropouts due to health issues (RR=1.05, 95% CI 0.95–1.17) or mortality (RR=0.93, 95% CI 0.83–1.04), although a lower mortality risk was observed in the former group when separately analyzing clinical populations (RR=0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.95). Exercise signifcantly reduced the number of falls and fall-associated injuries, and improved physical function and cognition. These results seemed independent of participants’ baseline characteristics (age, physical function, and cognitive status) and exercise frequency. Conclusions Long-term exercise training does not overall infuence the risk of dropouts due to health issues or mortality in older adults, and results in a reduced mortality risk in clinical populations. Moreover, exercise reduces the number of falls and fall-associated injuries, and improves physical function and cognition in this population.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by the Biomedical Research Networking Center on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES) and FEDER funds from the European Union. It was further funded by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, FEDER, (PI17/01814). AGH is a Miguel Servet Fellow (Instituto de Salud Carlos III-CP18/0150). NM-V received funding from "la Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434), under agreement LCF/PR/PR15/51100006.
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationGarcía-Hermoso, A., Ramirez-Vélez, R., Sáez de Asteasu, M. L., Martínez-Velilla, N., Zambom-Ferraresi, F., Valenzuela, P. L., Lucia, A., Izquierdo, M. (2020). Safety and effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 50, 1095-1106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01259-y.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40279-020-01259-y
dc.identifier.issn0112-1642
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/53705
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSpringer
dc.relation.ispartofSports Medicine (2020) 50:1095–1106
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01259-y
dc.rights© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectPhysical exerciseen
dc.subjectLong-term exercise interventionsen
dc.subjectOlder adultsen
dc.subjectDropoutsen
dc.titleSafety and effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trialsen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
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