Trends, geographic distribution, and disease burden of bipolar disorder in Ecuador (2011-2021): an analysis of hospital discharge data

Rodríguez Lorenzana, Alberto; Coral-Almeida, Marco; Carrington, Sarah J.; Torres-Tapia, Mabel; Álvarez-Mejía, Diana; Santana, Milena; Mascialino, Guido

Trends, geographic distribution, and disease burden of bipolar disorder in Ecuador (2011-2021): an analysis of hospital discharge data

dc.contributor.author	Rodríguez Lorenzana, Alberto
dc.contributor.author	Coral-Almeida, Marco
dc.contributor.author	Carrington, Sarah J.
dc.contributor.author	Torres-Tapia, Mabel
dc.contributor.author	Álvarez-Mejía, Diana
dc.contributor.author	Santana, Milena
dc.contributor.author	Mascialino, Guido
dc.contributor.department	Ciencias de la Salud	es_ES
dc.contributor.department	Osasun Zientziak	eu
dc.date.accessioned	2025-08-04T13:27:38Z
dc.date.available	2025-08-04T13:27:38Z
dc.date.issued	2025-05-23
dc.date.updated	2025-08-04T12:55:34Z
dc.description.abstract	This retrospective observational study aims to evaluate the incidence, disease burden, and geographic distribution of bipolar disorder based on hospital records in Ecuador over an eleven-year span. Hospital discharge data, publicly available from 2011 to 2021, were analyzed to assess incidence, DALYs, and the spatial distribution of hospitalized cases during this period. Between 2010 and 2021, a total of 6,821 hospitalized cases of bipolar disorder were documented in Ecuador, comprising 2,423 males and 4,398 females. The incidence rate peaked in 2019, with the lowest rate reported in 2020. There was no linear association between time and incidence rates or number of cases, but a significant increase was observed from 2017 to 2019 (p < 0.0001). The incidence rate was significantly higher in females compared to males (p < 0.0001). The average annual incidence was 3.47 cases per 100,000 person-years. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.76 years, with females being diagnosed at a younger age than males (p = 0.01548). Bipolar disorder-related deaths totaled 27 (12 males, 15 females). The burden of disease, expressed in DALYs, ranged from 66.769 to 126.98 per 100,000 population, with the hospitals from the private sector contributing most to the average DALYs. YLDs represented over 99% of the total burden. This study highlights the significant gender differences and temporal trends in bipolar disorder incidence in Ecuador, emphasizing the need for targeted public health strategies.	en
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf
dc.format.mimetype	application/zip
dc.identifier.citation	Rodríguez-Lorenzana, A., Coral-Almeida, M., Carrington, S. J., Torres-Tapia, M., Alvarez-Mejía, D., Santana, M., Mascialino, G. (2025) Trends, geographic distribution, and disease burden of bipolar disorder in Ecuador (2011-2021): An analysis of hospital discharge data. PLOS One, 20(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320321.
dc.identifier.doi	10.1371/journal.pone.0320321
dc.identifier.issn	1932-6203
dc.identifier.uri	https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/54582
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	PLOS
dc.relation.ispartof	PLOS One 2025, 20(5): e0320321
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320321
dc.rights	© 2025 Rodríguez-Lorenzana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject	Bipolar disorder	en
dc.subject	Ecuador	en
dc.subject	Incidence	en
dc.subject	Disease burden	en
dc.subject	Geographic distribution	en
dc.title	Trends, geographic distribution, and disease burden of bipolar disorder in Ecuador (2011-2021): an analysis of hospital discharge data	en
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.type	Publication
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