Open Access
How did COVID-19 lockdown impact the health of older adults in nursing homes?: a scoping review
(BMC, 2024) San Martín-Erice, Isabel; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Furtado Eraso, Sara; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on older adults in nursing homes is signifcant, with high death rates, disrupted care, isolation measures, and inadequate treatment. Social isolation has increased risks of cognitive disorders, anxiety, and depression. While many studies have examined the pandemic’s efects on nursing home staf and residents’ families, less is known about the health consequences for the residents themselves. This review aims to synthesize literature on the COVID-19 lockdown’s impact on the functional, cognitive, and psycho-emotional states of older adults in nursing homes. Methods. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA exten sion for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Four databases were searched: CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, and Psy cINFO. The eligibility criteria included studies on older adults in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic, with data that could be disaggregated for this population and results on the lockdown’s impact on physical, cognitive, and psycho-emotional levels. Results. Seventeen articles met the criteria for data extraction The synthesis was categorized into four main areas: functional, cognitive and psycho-emotional status, and isolation measures. Key fndings included decreased func tional abilities, lower cognitive test scores during the pandemic’s frst waves, development of psychological symp toms, and increased negative feelings among residents. Conclusions. Highlighting the consequences of confnement for nursing home residents is essential for updating evidence, developing efective strategies, and establishing protocols to mitigate the impact and prevent health issues in future pandemics.
Open Access
Web-based personalized intervention to improve quality of life and self-efficacy of long-term breast cancer survivors: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
(MDPI, 2022) Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Ferraz Torres, Marta; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Long-term breast cancer survivors (>5 years free of disease) may suffer late sequelae of cancer that impact on their quality of life. The use of telehealth for cancer care is recommended but little is known about the effectiveness of digital interventions for long-term cancer survivors. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based personalized intervention based on artificial intelligence instead of usual primary health care to improve the quality of life of long-term survivors of breast cancer and self-efficacy for the management of late sequelae. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted. The sample will consist of long-term breast cancer survivors recruited from primary health centers. Women will be randomly assigned to the intervention group to receive a web-based personalized intervention or to the control group to receive standard primary health care by nurses. Data on quality of life of cancer survivors and self-efficacy for the management of late sequelae of cancer will be collected and assessed at preintervention, and at 3, 6, and 9 months. It is expected that, at the end of the programme, the experimental group will have improved quality of life and improved self-efficacy for the management of late sequelae of cancer.
Open Access
Passive or interactive virtual reality? The effectiveness for pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients
(Springer, 2022) Ferraz Torres, Marta; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; García Vivar, Cristina; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Invasive techniques such as venipuncture are painful procedures causing stress and anxiety, both in pediatric patients and in their carers. For this reason, efforts are being made to develop mitigating strategies for the patient's pain and anxiety during the performance. To analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of the use of Virtual Reality distraction techniques as a measure of pain and anxiety reduction in pediatric patients and their parents. In addition, the effects of two modes of Virtual Reality (passive vs. interactive) were compared. A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in north Spain. The participants were children who underwent venipuncture for blood extraction and vascular cannulation. From the 124 patients, 51.6% (n = 64) were girls and 48.4% (n = 60) were boys (p = 0.574). The mean age was 8.4 years (SD: 4.1). The mean level of pain experienced was 2.33 (SD: 0.76) in the interactive VR group (n = 88) versus 2.67 (SD: 1.35) in patients with passive VR (n = 36) (p = 0.008); being the presence of anxiety in 27.3% (n = 24) of the cases treated with interactive Virtual Reality and in 88.9% (n = 32) of the patients with passive Virtual Reality (p = 0.000). The virtual reality is an effective method to reduce pain and anxiety levels in pediatric patients, with the effectiveness of interactive virtual reality and its use in the population aged 7-15 years being greater.
Embargo
Virtual reality to reduce pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer: a scoping review
(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2024-09-02) Cuñado Pradales, Rebeca; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: cancer and its treatments cause symptoms such as pain, fatigue, and emotional distress, which affect the quality of life of patients at different stages of cancer. Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a promising alternative for addressing these symptoms by immersing patients in a virtual environment that isolates them from reality. Objective: to describe the existing evidence on the use of VR to improve pain, fatigue, and emotional distress in people with cancer at different stages of the cancer trajectory. Methods: a scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. Search was conducted in PubMed and CINAHL until October 2023. Results: twenty-three primary studies related to the study topic were identified, and the following information was collected: type of VR (immersive vs nonimmersive) used in oncology services, purpose (distraction, training, or relaxation), devices used (head-mounted display, headset, or virtual controller), and the environment simulated (natural environment, skill games, or educational environment). The effects of VR on pain, fatigue, and emotional distress are described, highlighting its ability to mitigate these symptoms in the short term.
Open Access
Validación de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería “trastorno de los procesos de pensamiento”
(2015) Escalada Hernández, Paula; Marín Fernández, Blanca; Martín Carrasco, Manuel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
El objetivo general de esta investigación es elaborar una nueva versión del diagnóstico de enfermería “trastorno de los procesos de pensamiento” y llevar a cabo su validación de contenido por un panel de expertos. La versión validada del diagnóstico es presentada a la NANDA-I para su inclusión de nuevo en la clasificación de diagnósticos de enfermería. Este proyecto se basa en la hipótesis de trabajo de que el trastorno de los procesos de pensamiento, entendido como la alteración de la capacidad para procesar la información, valorar las alternativas y tomar decisiones, es un problema real experimentado por los pacientes, y que dicha respuesta es susceptible de actuación por parte de los profesionales de enfermería dentro de su práctica autónoma, por lo que constituye un diagnóstico de enfermería.
Open Access
Efficacy of educational interventions in adolescent population with feeding and eating disorders: a systematic review
(Springer, 2023) Ladrón Arana, Sergio; Orzanco Garralda, María Rosario; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Aguilera-Serrano, Carlos; Gutiérrez Valencia, Marta; Urbiola-Castillo, Jordi; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: Educational interventions are a key element in the care of young patients with feeding and eating disorders, forming part of the majority of therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of educational interventions in adolescents with feeding and eating disorders. Methods: Following the PRISMA recommendations electronic databases were searched up to 29 June 2023. Studies related to educational interventions in young population diagnosed with feeding and eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, avoidant/ restrictive food intake disorder, bulimia nervosa, pica and ruminative disorders and binge- eating disorder) in Spanish and English language, without temporal limitation, were located in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CUIDEN, DIALNET, and ENFISPO. A search in the databases of grey literature was performed in OpenGrey and Teseo. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020167736). Results: A total of 191 articles were selected from the 9744 citations screened. Ten publications were included. The results indicated variability between educational programs, including individual and group interventions, learning techniques and various research methodologies. Variables such as learning, attitudinal and perceptual changes, anthropometric parameters, symptom improvement, normalization of eating patterns, evaluation of the program and cognitive fexibility were identifed. The risk of bias was high due to the low methodological quality of a large number of studies analyzed. Conclusion: The results indicate that educational interventions can infuence the improvement of knowledge level and have a positive efect on health outcomes. Although education is a common practice in the treatment of these pathologies, highquality studies were not identifed. Thus, this review concludes that additional evidence is needed to evaluate the efectiveness of educational programs, with further research studies, especially randomized controlled trials, to confrm these results. Level of evidence: Level I: Systematic review.
Open Access
Quality of life of male breast cancer survivors: a systematic review
(Wiley, 2025-04-30) López Wilson, Arleen; Leite, Ana Carolina Andrade Biaggi; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Introduction: Breast cancer treatments signifcantly infuence the quality of life of cancer survivors. While most studies havefocused on female breast cancer survivors, data on the quality of life of men who have undergone medical, surgical or radiologicaltreatments for breast cancer are limited. Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of male breast cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement with a search in four databases: PubMed,Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science. We screened and extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies viathe Cochrane RoB-2 and ROBINS-I tools for randomised clinical trials and follow-up studies, respectively. Te data werepresented in a narrative synthesis format. Results: In total, 993 records were identifed, of which three studies were included for analysis: two randomised clinical trials andone cohort study. Te interventions in the randomised clinical trials involved evaluating the impact of endocrine therapy and theimplementation of online physical training. Although there was a reduction in the overall quality of life during cancer treatment,patients who received tamoxifen monotherapy did not report a clinically signifcant change in their sexual function. Additionally,moderate exercise was shown to improve physical health and enhance social well-being. In the cohort study, quality of life andsymptom burden were evaluated in men with breast cancer treated with endocrine therapies at the time of diagnosis via symptomassessment scales. Conclusions: Male breast cancer survivors experience a decrease in quality of life during and after treatment. While tamoxifenmonotherapy preserves sexual function, moderate-intensity physical rehabilitation signifcantly improves both quality of life andsocial functioning. Te limited number of studies included in this review highlights the need for further research to address thephysical, psychological and social needs of male breast cancer survivors.
Open Access
Impact of individual and job characteristics on nurses' scope of practice in spanish hospital units
(Wiley, 2024) Saralegui Gainza, Amaia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; García Vivar, Cristina; San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background. Nurses are one of the largest and costliest groups in healthcare organizations; therefore, it is important to comprehend their scope of practice. Aim. To contribute to the improvement of nursing resource management in medical-surgical and Intensive Care Units by identifying factors that influence the scope of nursing practice. The hypothesis was that the activities carried out by nurses in medical-surgical units and intensive care units are influenced by individual and job-related factors, with job characteristics having an additive and moderating effect on individual characteristics. Materials and Methods. Cross-sectional correlational design to test the relationship between the individual and job characteristics on the nursing scope of practice measured by the Actual Scope of Nursing Practice (ASCOP) questionnaire. The sample consisted of 270 nurses. Linear mixed effects models analysis (LME) was used with the aleatory effect of the intensive care unit (ICU). Results. Belonging to the ICU decreased the scope of practice of nurses. We found a statistically significant effect of psychological demand, practice environment, role ambiguity, and growth need strength on the scope of nursing practice. The models explained a variance up to 24%. Conclusions. Although the survey results revealed the existence of broader scope of practice levels in Spanish hospital units than in the original Canadian study, the use of scope of nursing practice remains suboptimal. Higher levels on the psychological demand, the practice environment and in the individual growth need strength were related with a broader scope of practice. Otherwise, role ambiguity negatively affected the scope of practice. Implications for Nursing Management. This article provides an analysis of the impact of individual and job-related characteristics on the nursing scope of practice. It serves as a valuable resource for both managers and nurses, offering insights to improve nurses' working conditions and obtain more efficient workforces.
Open Access
A themed game to learn about nursing theories and models: a descriptive study
(Elsevier, 2020) San Martín Rodríguez, Leticia; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Soto Ruiz, María Nelia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
One of the most demanding challenges for teachers in undergraduate nursing programmes is teaching the intangible aspects of the discipline, such as its conceptual and theoretical bases. This study aimed to evaluate nursing students' satisfaction and knowledge acquisition after taking part in a specific themed game to learn about nursing theories and models. A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, interventional study was undertaken involving 105 nursing degree students. After taking part in a themed game called 'The Nurse Theorist game', the knowledge acquired by the students was assessed plus their satisfaction with the game. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that the average score for knowledge was 8.28 points (on a scale of 0–10); the overall average score for satisfaction was 7.60 points out of 10. The scores obtained for satisfaction with each aspect of the game ranged from 2.90 to 3.90 out of 5. All the students recommended using this game for this subject in the years to come. To conclude, the proposal for a themed game specifically for learning nursing theories and models has been revealed to be effective in terms of knowledge acquisition and student satisfaction.
Open Access
Validation of nursing activities in a material and sterilization center
(Associação Brasileira de Enfermeiros de Centro Cirúrgico, Recuperação Anestésica e Centro de Material e Esterilização (SOBECC), 2022-06-15) Gonçalves, Raquel Calado da Silva; Sento Sé, Aline Coutinho; Escalada Hernández, Paula; Marín Fernández, Blanca; Cardoso, Rosane Barreto; Tonini, Teresa; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
Objetivo: validar las actividades de enfermería del diagnóstico 'Riesgo por contaminación de productos sanitarios'. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, metodológico, de validación, utilizando el modelo adaptado de Fehring. Participaron 128 enfermeras especialistas del centro quirúrgico y del centro de material y esterilización, según criterios predefinidos. Se utilizó un instrumento compuesto por preguntas cerradas, donde a cada actividad se le asignó un valor según la escala de Likert. En este estudio, se consideraron validadas las actividades que presentaron un índice de validez de contenido de 0,95. Estudio aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: 20 actividades de enfermería fueron validadas para 12 factores de riesgo y cinco intervenciones. El factor de riesgo que no fue representativo en sus actividades fue 'Esterilización de cargas sin utilizar el paquete de prueba de desafío'. Conclusión: se concluye que la provisión de actividades de enfermería relacionadas con los factores de riesgo es adecuada, una vez que fueron validadas con un índice de validez de contenido de 0,95. El conocimiento producido ayuda en la implementación de actividades validadas, promoviendo indirectamente una atención de calidad, basada en los principios de seguridad del paciente.