Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos
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Ruiz ZamarreƱo
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Carlos
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IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
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ISC. Institute of Smart Cities
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Publication Open Access SnO2 based optical fiber refractometers(SPIE, 2012) SĆ”nchez ZĆ”bal, Pedro; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; HernĆ”ez SĆ”enz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Del Villar, Ignacio; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San MartĆn, Francisco Javier; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaIn this work, the fabrication and characterization of refractometers based on lossy mode resonances (LMR) is presented. Tin dioxide (SnO2) films deposited on optical fibers are used as the LMR supporting coatings. These resonances shift to the red as a function of the external refractive index, enabling the fabrication of robust and highly reproducible wavelength-based optical fiber refractometers. The obtained SnO2-based refractometer shows an average sensitivity of 7198 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) in the range 1.333-1.420 RIU.Publication Open Access Fiber optic ammonia sensor using Bromocresol Green pH indicator(IEEE, 2014-12-15) RodrĆguez RodrĆguez, Adolfo JosuĆ©; May Arrioja, Daniel A.; DomĆnguez Cruz, RenĆ©; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San MartĆn, Francisco Javier; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaWe report a fiber optic sensor for low levels of ammonia gas detection based on the use a Bromocresol Green (BCG) pH indicator attached to the optical fiber employing hydrophobic and gas permeable polyurethane film named TecoflexĀ® as attraping matrix. Highly reproducible and reversible fiber optical sensors have been achieved employing simple and short fabrication processes. The advantage for employ a BCG pH indicator is to take advantage of the basicity of ammonia exhibiting a wide spectral response (500 nm-750 nm) and shows recovery times of less than 15 s. The TecoflexĀ® film provides additional advantages to be measured to the sensitive area of the sensor, such as operation even in extremely dry environments, efficient transport and prevent leakage or detachment of the BCG pH indicator. The combination of the BCG pH indicator and TecoflexĀ® film provides a reliable and robust fiber optic ammonia gas sensor.Publication Open Access Sensors based on thin-film coated cladding removed multimode optical fiber and single-mode multimode single-mode fiber: a comparative study(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2015) Del Villar, Ignacio; Socorro LerĆ”noz, AbiĆ”n Bentor; HernĆ”ez SĆ”enz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Corres Sanz, JesĆŗs MarĆa; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; SĆ”nchez ZĆ”bal, Pedro; Arregui San MartĆn, Francisco Javier; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta ElektronikoaTwo simple optical fibre structures that do not require the inscription of a grating, a cladding removed multimode optical fibre (CRMOF) and a single-mode multimode single-mode structure (SMS), are compared in terms of their adequateness for sensing once they are coated with thin-films.The thin-film deposited (TiO2/PSS) permits increasing the sensitivity to surrounding medium refractive index. The results obtained can be extrapolated to other fields such as biological or chemical sensing just by replacing the thin-film by a specific material.Publication Open Access Lossy mode resonances biosensor for the detection of C-reactive protein(Optica Publishing Group, 2016) Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; SĆ”nchez ZĆ”bal, Pedro; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San MartĆn, Francisco Javier; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad PĆŗblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe fabrication and characterization of optical fiber biosensor based on Lossy Mode Resonances (LMR) to detect C-reactive protein (CRP) are presented. Indium tin oxide (ITO) coatings deposited on side-polished D-shaped optical fibers are used as LMR supporting coatings. The aptamer was immobilized on the ITO film using the Layer-by-Layer (LbL) nano-assembly process. The optical fiber sensor presented shows a high selectivity and low limit detection.Publication Open Access Beyond near-infrared lossy mode resonances with fluoride glass optical fiber(Optica, 2021) Vitoria Pascual, Ignacio; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Imas GonzĆ”lez, JosĆ© Javier; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Universidad PĆŗblica de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaThe objective of this Letter consists of the exploration of the lossy mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon beyond the nearinfrared region and specifically in the short wave infrared region (SWIR) and medium wave infrared region (MWIR). The experimental and theoretical results show for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, not only LMRs in these regions, but also the utilization of fluoride glass optical fiber associated with this phenomenon. The fabricated devices consist of a nanometric thin-film of titanium dioxide used as LMR generating material, which probed extraordinary sensitivities to external refractive index (RI) variations. RI sensitivity was studied in the SWIR and MWIR under different conditions, such as the LMR wavelength range or the order of resonance, showing a tremendous potential for the detection of minute concentrations of gaseous or biological compounds in different media.Publication Embargo Photoisomerization-induced LMR shift for UV radiation detection(Elsevier, 2024) Gallego MartĆnez, Elieser Ernesto; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenThis work presents an optical sensor for ultraviolet radiation (UV) detection, based on the combined effects of Lossy Mode Resonance (LMR) in the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region and the photoisomerization of a polymeric dye coating. LMR was obtained by means of a sputtered SnO2 thin film on a tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro (or alkoxy Vinyl Ether, PFA) substrate, along with a photo sensitive coating based on poly R-478. Obtained devices shown response and recovery times of 12 and 43 s, respectively, for an UV excitation of 71 mW at 365 nm. Sensitivity as a function of the excitation wavelength was studied with the highest value of 26 nm/mW obtained at 280 nm. For this excitation wavelength, the limit of detection (LoD) obtained was 0.024 mW. Four different excitation wavelengths were used to cover all UV regions (280, 310, 365 and 395 nm). All measurements were performed at room temperature and humidity (25 ĀæC ± 1 ĀæC and 13% R.H. ± 2% R.H. respectively). As far as we know, it is the first time that the LMR effect has been recognized in combination with a photoisomerization process.Publication Open Access Automated forearm prosthesis controlling using fiber bragg grating sensor(Sociedade Brasileira de Microondas e OptoeletrĆ“nica e Sociedade Brasileira de Eletromagnetismo, 2023) Valera Rialto JĆŗnior, PĆ©ricles; Dureck, Eduardo Henrique; Kalinowski, Alessandra; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; Socorro LerĆ”noz, AbiĆ”n Bentor; Cardozo da Silva, Jean Carlos; Lazzaretti, AndrĆ© Eugenio; Dreyer, Uilian JosĆ©; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenThis paper describes the automation of a forearm prosthesis using the signal collected by a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor. The FBG sensor is applied to one subject's forearm to measure the deformation as a result of the index and middle fingers when moved individually. It is possible to control a one joint model prosthesis allied to a compliant hand mechanism through signal analyses. Each finger movement has its features, such as its amplitude, which opens the possibility of using those to control different parts of the prosthesis, joint rotation by the middle finger, and compliant hand movement by the index finger. This paper presents results regarding prosthesis assembling, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) communication latency between prosthesis and computer and tests with pre-acquired and processed FBG signal data. The prosthesis wrist rotation movement is related to the middle finger signal, and its compliant mechanism actuation is due to index finger signal. The communication between prosthesis and the computer had a mean latency of 140 ms and a standard deviation of 18 ms. The results demonstrate the potential for using the sensor system and automated prosthesis in other applications involving real-time forearm sensing, multi-finger signal analysis, and prosthetic movement.Publication Open Access Micro sized interdigital capacitor for humidity detection based on agarose coating(2021) Vitoria Pascual, Ignacio; Armas, Dayron; Coronel Camones, Carlos Manuel; Ozcariz Celaya, Aritz; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio IngeniaritzarenA micro sized interdigital capacitor has been proposed for the detection of relative humidity. The photolithography technique enables the fabrication of fingers with a size of 10x500 um. A thin film of agarose functionalizes the sensor for humidity sensing, which improves its performance by 155 times, obtaining a sensitivity of 32.98 pF/%RH.Publication Open Access A comprehensive review of optical fiber refractometers: toward a standard comparative criterion(Wiley, 2019) Urrutia Azcona, Aitor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISCThanks to the peculiarities of optical fiber and its ability to be combined with nanotechnology, precise and accurate measurements of the changes in optical properties (i.e., refractive index) of the medium surrounding the fiber are becoming possible with a high degree of performance. Thus, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) are increasingly finding applications in biochemistry and biomedicine. Here, all types of optical fiber refractometers are covered, and they are classified into three main groups: interferometers, grating-based structures, and resonance-based structures (the resonance is induced by coating the optical fiber sensor with a thin film). The performance of these different structures is compared by means of the most common parameters: sensitivity, full width at half minimum or maximum, figure of merit, and quality factor. The aim here is to provide a reliable and easy-to-use tool to compare the performance of the most recent developments on fiber optic refractometers.Publication Open Access Optimization of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in thin films deposited on D-shaped optical fibers(MDPI, 2021) Imas GonzĆ”lez, JosĆ© Javier; Ruiz ZamarreƱo, Carlos; Del Villar, Ignacio; MatĆas Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; IngenierĆa ElĆ©ctrica, Electrónica y de ComunicaciónA fiber Bragg grating patterned on a SnO2 thin film deposited on the flat surface of a D-shaped polished optical fiber is studied in this work. The fabrication parameters of this structure were optimized to achieve a trade-off among reflected power, full width half maximum (FWHM), sensitivity to the surrounding refractive index (SRI), and figure of merit (FOM). In the first place, the influence of the thin film thickness, the cladding thickness between the core and the flat surface of the D-shaped fiber (neck), and the length of the D-shaped zone over the reflected power and the FWHM were assessed. Reflected peak powers in the range from ā2 dB to ā10 dB can be easily achieved with FWHM below 100 pm. In the second place, the sensitivity to the SRI, the FWHM, and the FOM were analyzed for variations of the SRI in the 1.33ā1.4 range, the neck, and the thin-film thickness. The best sensitivities theoretically achieved for this device are next to 40 nm/RIU, while the best FOM has a value of 114 RIUā1.