Browsing by Author "Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene"

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    PublicationOpen Access
    15-item version of the Boston naming test: normative data for the Latin American spanish-speaking adult population.
    (American Psychological Association, 2023) Del Cacho Tena, Ana María; Merced, Kritzia; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Rivera, Diego; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Objective: Naming is commonly impaired in people with neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury, and as a result, its accurate assessment is essential. The aim of this study was to provide normative data for the 15-item Spanish version of the Boston Naming Test (BNT) for an adult population from eight Latin American countries/regions. Method: The total sample consisted of 2,828 participants from Argentina, Chile, Cuba, El Salvador, Mexico, Honduras, Paraguay, and Puerto Rico. Multiple regressions were used to generate normative data following a four-step process. Results: Regression models showed a linear effect of age on the 15-item BNT total score for Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Puerto Rico. In contrast, Paraguay showed a quadratic age effect. Almost all countries showed a positive linear effect of education, except Cuba which had a quadratic effect. Sex was a significant predictor in Argentina, Chile, Cuba, and Mexico, where in women scored lower than men. Conclusions: This study generates normative data for the 15-item Spanish version of the BNT and offers a free open-source calculator that will assist in the efficacious use of this neuropsychological test in clinical practice and research.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Attention and processing speed tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States
    (SAGE, 2024-09-26) Carrión, Carmen I.; Rivera, Diego; Forte, Anabel; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Moreno, Oswaldo; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Morel Valdés, Gloria M.; López, Melisa; Rodríguez, Miriam J.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Drago, Christin I.; García, Patricia; Rivera, Patricia M.; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: Hispanics/Latinos are the largest Spanish-speaking subgroup in the U.S. and multiple sociodemographic, cultural, and linguistic factors have been found to impact their performances on cognitive testing. Despite this, few normative data are available for the heterogeneous Spanish-speaking population in the U.S. Objective: to generate normative data on the TMT, Bells Test, SDMT, and the BTA for Spanish speakers residing in the U.S. Methods: the sample included 245 Spanish speaking individuals aged 18-80 from eight states across the U.S. (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants were administered attention and processing speed measures as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We used a Bayesian regression approach to estimate normative data, including covariates found to be important for predicting performances on measures of attention and processing speed. Results: sociodemographic factors including education, time in the U.S., acculturation, age, and/or sex had differential effects on the TMT-A, TMT-B, SDMT, and the BTA whereas the Bells Test was not influenced by any of these sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: our findings indicate that while sex, age, and educational attainment are important factors to consider, language and acculturation can also influence attention and processing speed performances among Spanish speakers in the U.S.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Bilingüismo y su influencia en la aparición y deterioro en la enfermedad de Alzheimer
    (2023) Toyas Barreras, Andrés; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
    Introducción: La Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es la forma más común de demencia y su prevalencia aumenta con la edad. No tiene cura y se espera que su incidencia aumente. Algunos autores sugieren que el bilingüismo puede retrasar la aparición de los síntomas de la EA. Objetivo general: determinar si el bilingüismo ejerce un efecto protector frente al deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) o la EA. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda a través de la herramienta Web of Science. Los criterios de inclusión recogieron artículos científicos accesibles desde la Universidad Pública de Navarra prospectivos, retrospectivos, longitudinales o transversales que comparasen desempeño cognitivo y cambios cerebrales entre monolingües y bilingües con diagnóstico de EA o DCL, publicados a partir de 2007 en inglés o español. Resultados: se sometieron a análisis 14 artículos. Los resultados muestran que existen un retraso en la aparición de los primeros síntomas de la EA o el DCL en personas bilingües en comparación con monolingües, ventaja en el desempeño a nivel general, sobre todo en funciones ejecutivas; todo ello pese al mayor deterioro cerebral de los bilingües. Conclusiones: las personas bilingües parecen desarrollar más tarde los síntomas de DCL o EA que los monolingües, además de presentar mejor desempeño cognitivo pese al mayor deterioro cerebral. Sin embargo, es necesaria una definición consensuada del bilingüismo y de los criterios de inclusión para generar conclusiones sólidas. El aprendizaje de un segundo idioma desde temprana edad o tardíamente podría actuar como estrategia de prevención y promoción de la salud, al presentar un posible efecto protector.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Desenlaces a corto y largo plazo del síndrome del bebé sacudido
    (2024) Abad Murugarren, Noelia; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
    Introducción: El síndrome del bebé sacudido o traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) por abuso es una modalidad grave de maltrato infantil. Los estudios que investigan sus consecuencias son aún escasos, por lo que no se conoce bien la envergadura de sus consecuencias ni los factores que se asocian con un peor desenlace. Objetivo general: Conocer el impacto que el TCE abusivo ocasiona, tanto a corto como a largo plazo, en el paciente. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en Web of Science y Pubmed. Los criterios de inclusión recogieron artículos científicos publicados a partir del 2013, en inglés o en español y que recogieran las principales consecuencias que ocasiona la lesión en menores. Resultados: Los artículos incluidos fueron 18. Los resultados muestran que la lesión ocasiona secuelas físicas/neurológicas, cognitivas y comportamentales tanto a corto plazo como a largo plazo. Ser padres jóvenes, nivel socioeconómico bajo o ser varón están asociadas con una mayor probabilidad de sufrir este tipo de maltrato. En cuanto a los programas de intervención, la mayoría son de prevención. Aquellos padres que recibieron educación sobre el TCE abusivo mostraron tasas más altas en afirmaciones como “el llanto de los bebés es normal” o “sacudir a los bebés puede ser perjudicial”. Conclusiones: Los bebés que sufren TCE abusivo tienen interrupciones en el desarrollo cerebral. Esto provoca limitaciones físicas, cognitivas e incluso comportamentales. Muchas de las secuelas se observan a largo plazo, conforme las demandas ambientales van aumentando y no en el momento de la lesión o poco tiempo después.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Early predictors of employment status one year post injury in individuals with traumatic brain injury in Europe
    (MDPI, 2020) Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Zeldovich, Marina; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Vindal Forslund, Marit; Núñez Fernández, Silvia; Derecho; Zuzenbidea
    Sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often affects the individual's ability to work, reducing employment rates post-injury across all severities of TBI. The objective of this multi-country study was to assess the most relevant early predictors of employment status in individuals after TBI at one-year post-injury in European countries. Using a prospective longitudinal non-randomized observational cohort (The Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) project), data was collected between December 2014-2019 from 63 trauma centers in 18 European countries. The 1015 individuals who took part in this study were potential labor market participants, admitted to a hospital and enrolled within 24 h of injury with a clinical TBI diagnosis and indication for a computed tomography (CT) scan, and followed up at one year. Results from a binomial logistic regression showed that older age, status of part-time employment or unemployment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, and higher injury severity (as measured with higher Injury severity score (ISS), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital) were associated with higher unemployment probability at one-year after injury. The study strengthens evidence for age, employment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, ISS, GCS, and LOS as important predictors for employment status one-year post-TBI across Europe.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Elebitasun goiztiarraren inguruko mito eta aurreiritziak hezkuntza arloan
    (2020) Asirón Galilea, Idoia; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y de la Educación; Giza, Gizarte eta Hezkuntza Zientzien Fakultatea
    Introducción: En la sociedad y la educación cobra importancia el logro de competencias en dos lenguas, pero muchos progenitores/maestros presentan inquietudes sobre el bilingüismo precoz. Las actitudes negativas provienen de mitos y malentendidos. Son pocos los estudios en el tema y la mayoría se centran en los neuromitos. Objetivo: Investigar los mitos sobre el bilingüismo/ la educación bilingüe en profesores y alumnos de Educación Infantil/Primaria de Navarra. Metodología: participaron 162 personas, 17,9% alumnos de Infantil, 45,7% de Primaria y 36,4% maestros. La mayoría fueron mujeres (𝑥����̅=29 años). Para evaluar los mitos se utilizó una encuesta. Resultados: Algunos mitos persisten, siendo los más polémicos "hablar castellano en casa perjudicará el aprendizaje del euskera o inglés en la escuela" y "el euskera o inglés son difíciles de aprender". Conclusiones: Existen mitos en el ámbito educativo. Es necesario desmitificarlos, puesto que los maestros suelen realizar recomendaciones sobre el temaa los progenitores.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Executive function tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States
    (2024-09-02) Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Rivera, Diego; Xia, Bridget; Carrión, Carmen I.; Morel Valdés, Gloria M.; Moreno, Oswaldo; Rodríguez, Miriam J.; Krch, Denise; Wongserbchart, Wongthipa; Drago, Christin I.; García, Patricia; Rivera, Patricia M.; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. Objective: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (M-WCST, SCWT) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the U.S. Methods: we assessed 245 individuals aged 18-80 from eight U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin) and employed Bayesian regression to estimate norms, considering various sociodemographic factors influencing performance. Results: age impacts SCWT scores negatively, especially in older individuals, with stronger effects among those proficient in Spanish. Age also affects M-WCST performance more in individuals with longer U.S. residency. Education correlates with M-WCST outcomes, with lower attainment linked to more errors. Education interacts with Spanish proficiency, influencing SCWT scores differently based on proficiency levels. Sex and acculturation levels interact, affecting SCWT performance differently between men and women. Conclusions: establishing culturally sensitive normative data can enhance accurate identification of executive dysfunction and reduce misdiagnosis risks. This underscores the importance of considering sociocultural factors including acculturation and language proficiency in neuropsychological assessments to better serve diverse populations.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Factor structure of the 10-item CES-D scale among patients with persistent COVID-19
    (Wiley, 2022) Ramírez Vélez, Robinson; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Rivera, Diego; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    The presence of persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) might beassociated with significant levels of psychological distress that would meet thethreshold for clinical relevance. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies DepressionScale (CES-D) version 10 has been widely used in assessing psychological distressamong general and clinical populations from different cultural backgrounds. To ourknowledge, however, researchers have not yet validated these findings amongpatients with persistent COVID-19. A cross-sectional validation study wasconducted with 100 patients from the EXER-COVID project (69.8% women;mean (±standard deviation) ages: 47.4 ± 9.5 years). Confirmatory factor analyses(CFAs) were performed on the 10-item CES-D to test four model fits: (a)unidimensional model, (b) two-factor correlated model, (c) three-factor correlatedmodel, and (d) second-order factor model. The diagonal-weighted least-squares estimator was used, as it is commonly applied to latent variable modelswith ordered categorical variables. The reliability indices of the 10-item CES-D in patients with persistent COVID-19 were as follows: depressive affect factor(α=0.82Ord;ω=0.78u−cat), somatic retardation factor (α=0.78Ord;ω=0.56u−cat),and positive affect factor (α=0.56Ord;ω=0.55u−cat). The second‐order model fitshowed good Omega reliability (ω=0.87ho). Regarding CFAs, the unidimensional‐factor model shows poor goodness of fit, especially residuals analysis (root meansquare error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.081 [95% confidence interval,CI = 0.040–0.119]; standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = 0.101). The two‐factor correlated model, three‐factor correlated model, and second‐order factormodel showed adequate goodness of fit, and theχ2difference test (∆X2) did not show significant differences between the goodness of fit for these models(∆X= 4.11282;p= 0.127). Several indices showed a good fit with the three‐factor correlated model: goodness‐of‐fit index = 0.974, comparative fit index = 0.990,relative noncentrality index = 0.990, and incremental fit index = 0.990, which were all above 0.95, the traditional cut‐off establishing adequate fit. On the other hand RMSEA = 0.049 (95% CI = 0.000–0.095), where an RMSEA < 0.06–0.08 indicates anadequate fit. Item loadings on the factors were statistically significant (λ≥0.449j;p's < 0.001), indicating that the items loaded correctly on the corresponding factors and the relationship between factors (φ≥0.382;p's≤0.001. To our knowledge, thisis the first study to provide validity and reliability to 10‐item CES‐D in a persistentCOVID‐19 Spanish patient sample. The validation and reliability of this shortscreening tool allow us to increase the chance of obtaining complete data in aparticular patient profile with increased fatigue and brain fog that limit patients' capacity to complete questionnaires.
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    PublicationEmbargo
    Funcionamiento sexual tras el traumatismo craneoencefálico
    (2024) Zubelzu Igoa, Nerea; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
    Introducción: el traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) puede originar secuelas en la sexualidad de forma directa o indirecta. Dada la poca literatura al respecto y el papel central del profesional sanitario en la evaluación y rehabilitación de la sexualidad tras el TCE, recopilar la información existente sobre el tema es crucial. Objetivo general: describir el funcionamiento sexual tras el TCE. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda a través de Web of Science y Pubmed. Los criterios de inclusión recogieron artículos cuyo objetivo fuera estudiar la sexualidad tras el TCE en personas mayores de 18 años, publicados en inglés o español, entre el año 2013 y 2023, y disponibles a través de la Universidad Pública de Navarra. Resultados: se analizaron 19 artículos de los cuales 14 estudiaron el funcionamiento sexual tras el TCE desde la perspectiva de los pacientes y/o sus parejas, y 5 desde el punto de vista de los profesionales sanitarios. Los pacientes con TCE y sus parejas reportaron disminución en varios dominios de la sexualidad. Los profesionales no tratan la sexualidad en su práctica habitual y reconocen necesitar más formación. La edad avanzada, la presencia de síntomas depresivos, ansiosos, postconmocionales, una menor autoestima y las secuelas cognitivas originadas tras la lesión son predictores de un peor funcionamiento sexual. Conclusiones: la sexualidad tras un TCE debe de ser más ampliamente abordada, incluyendo dimensiones más allá de lo físico. Los profesionales requieren de formación para identificar pacientes con riesgo de alteración en el funcionamiento sexual, además de saber cómo abordar el tema.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Introducción a la práctica profesional en psicología desde el aprendizaje basado en problemas: memoria final PINNE
    (2023) Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea; Artuch Garde, Raquel; Soria Oliver, María; Casanova Lamoutte, Elsa M.; López Martínez, Jorge S.; Sampedro Ibáñez, María Sonia; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Rivera, Diego; López-Goñi, José Javier; Haro Escribano, Begoña; Beranuy Fargues, Marta; Fernández-Montalvo, Javier; Bausela Herreras, Esperanza; Sotés Ruiz, Pablo; Sanz de Acedo Baquedano, María Teresa
    Se presentó una iniciativa de carácter interdisciplinar en el Grado de Psicología que aglutina a todas las asignaturas de los 6 módulos y 16 materias del grado. Tuvo como objetivo introducir metodologías activas y de innovación docente para el desarrollo de competencias transversales y la inclusión de temáticas transversales. En concreto, el proyecto de innovación educativa se presentó para desarrollarse en la asignatura Introducción a la práctica profesional (IPP), una asignatura obligatoria de 6 ECTS perteneciente a la materia Psicología: Historia, ciencia y profesión. Se implementó en el 7º semestre del grado (4º curso) durante 5 semanas (del 30 de enero al 3 de marzo de 2023) antes de que el alumnado tomara contacto con la realidad profesional en las prácticas obligatorias. Dado el carácter aplicado de la asignatura y su ubicación en el plan de estudios, se consideró oportuno utilizar la metodología de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) para su desarrollo. Una de las razones fundamentales es que esta metodología se usa en la facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y de manera más concreta en el grado de Medicina. Se pretende extenderla al resto de titulaciones de manera que sea una seña de identidad de la facultad. Por tanto, con este proyecto también se buscó involucrar al profesorado de diferentes áreas en su ejecución de manera transversal.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Longitudinal growth curve trajectories of family dynamics after pediatric traumatic brain injury in Mexico
    (MDPI, 2020) McKee, Grace B.; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Pérez Delgadillo, Paula K.; Valdivia Tangarife, Edgar Ricardo; Villaseñor Cabrera, Teresita; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a serious public health concern. Family members are often caregivers for children with TBI, which can result in a significant strain on familial relationships. Research is needed to examine aspects of family functioning in the context of recovery post-TBI, especially in Latin America, where cultural norms may reinforce caregiving by family members, but where resources for these caregivers may be scarce. This study examined caregiver-reported family satisfaction, communication, cohesion, and flexibility at three time points in the year post-injury for 46 families of a child with TBI in comparison to healthy control families. Families experiencing pediatric TBI were recruited from a large hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico, while healthy controls were recruited from a local educational center. Results from multilevel growth curve models demonstrated that caregivers of children with a TBI reported significantly worse family functioning than controls at each assessment. Families experiencing pediatric TBI were unable to attain the level of functioning of controls during the time span studied, suggesting that these families are likely to experience long-term disruptions in family functioning. The current study highlights the need for family-level intervention programs to target functioning for families affected by pediatric TBI who are at risk for difficulties within a rehabilitation context.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Methodology for the generation of normative data for the U.S. adult Spanish-speaking population: a Bayesian approach
    (SAGE, 2024-09-20) Rivera, Diego; Forte, Anabel; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Objective: To present the methodology for a study generating normative neuropsychological test data for healthy Spanish-speaking adults (18-80 years old) living in the U.S. using Bayesian inference as a novel approach. Method: The study sample consisted of 253 healthy adults from eight U.S. regions (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin), with individuals originating from a diverse array of Latin American countries. To participate in the study, individuals must have met the following criteria: were between 18 and 80 years of age, had lived in the U.S. for at least 1 year (12 continuous months), self-identified Spanish as their dominant language, had at least one year of formal education, were able to read and write in Spanish at the time of evaluation, scored ¿23 on the Mini-Mental State Examination, scored <10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire¿9, and scored <10 on the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. Participants completed 12 neuropsychological tests. Reliability statistics and norms were calculated for all tests. Conclusions: This was the first normative study for Spanish-speaking adults in the U.S. to implement demographic, acculturation, and bilingual dominance measures as possible controls. Additionally, it was the first study to use Bayesian linear or generalized linear regression models for generating normative data in neuropsychology.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Moderate, little, or no improvements in neurobehavioral symptoms among individuals with long COVID: A 34-country retrospective study
    (MDPI, 2022) Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Perrin, Paul B.; Bogdanova, Yelena; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Alzueta, Elisabet; Baker, Fiona C.; Iacovides, Stella; Cortes, Mar; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    (1) Background: Some people with COVID-19 develop a series of symptoms that last for several months after infection, known as Long COVID. Although these symptoms interfere with people’s daily functioning and quality of life, few studies have focused on neurobehavioral symptoms and the risk factors associated with their development; (2) Methods: 1001 adults from 34 countries who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory reporting the symptoms before their COVID-19 diagnosis, during the COVID-19 infection, and currently; (3) Results: Participants reported large-sized increases before vs. during COVID-19 in all domains. Participants reported a medium-sized improvement (during COVID-19 vs. now) in somatic symptoms, a small-sized improvement in affective symptoms, and very minor/no improvement in cognitive symptoms. The risk factors for increased neurobehavioral symptoms were: being female/trans, unemployed, younger age, low education, having another chronic health condition, greater COVID-19 severity, greater number of days since the COVID-19 diagnosis, not having received oxygen therapy, and having been hospitalized. Additionally, participants from North America, Europe, and Central Asia reported higher levels of symptoms across all domains relative to Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa; (4) Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of evaluating and treating neurobehavioral symptoms after COVID-19, especially targeting the higher-risk groups identified. General rehabilitation strategies and evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation are needed in both the acute and Long COVID phases.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    A multidimensional approach to assessing factors impacting health-related quality of life after pediatric traumatic brain injury
    (MDPI, 2023) Steinbuechel, Nicole von; Krenz, Ugne; Bockhop, Fabian; Koerte, Inga; Timmermann, Dagmar; Cunitz, Katrin; Zeldovich, Marina; Andelic, Nada; Rojczyk, Philine; Bonfert, Michaela Veronika; Berweck, Steffen; Kieslich, Matthias; Brockmann, Knut; Roediger, Maike; Lendt, Michael; Buchheim, Anna; Muehlan, Holger; Holloway, Ivana; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    In the field of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), relationships between pre-injury and injury-related characteristics and post-TBI outcomes (functional recovery, post-concussion depression, anxiety) and their impact on disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are under-investigated. Here, a multidimensional conceptual model was tested using a structural equation model (SEM). The final SEM evaluates the associations between these four latent variables. We retrospectively investigated 152 children (8–12 years) and 148 adolescents (13–17 years) after TBI at the recruiting clinics or online. The final SEM displayed a fair goodness-of-fit (SRMR = 0.09, RMSEA = 0.08 with 90% CI [0.068, 0.085], GFI = 0.87, CFI = 0.83), explaining 39% of the variance across the four latent variables and 45% of the variance in HRQoL in particular. The relationships between pre-injury and post-injury outcomes and between post-injury outcomes and TBI-specific HRQoL were moderately strong. Especially, pre-injury characteristics (children’s age, sensory, cognitive, or physical impairments, neurological and chronic diseases, and parental education) may aggravate post-injury outcomes, which in turn may influence TBI-specific HRQoL negatively. Thus, the SEM comprises potential risk factors for developing negative post-injury outcomes, impacting TBI-specific HRQoL. Our findings may assist healthcare providers and parents in the management, therapy, rehabilitation, and care of pediatric individuals after TBI.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Multivariate base rates of low scores on tests of executive functions in a multi-country Latin American sample
    (Routledge, 2021) Rivera, Diego; Mascialino, Guido; Brooks, Brian L.; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Longoni, Melina; Galarza-Del-Ángel, Javier; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of low scores in a diverse Latin American population for two neuropsychological commonly used tests to evaluate executive functions and to compare the number of low scores obtained using normative data from a Spanish-speaking population from Latin America versus an English-speaking population from U.S.A. Healthy adults (N = 5402) were administered the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color-Word. Low scores on measures of executive functioning are common. Clinicians working with Spanish-speaking adults should take into account the higher probability of low scores on these measures to reduce false-positive diagnoses of cognitive deficits in an individual.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Network analysis of neurobehavioral symptom patterns in an international sample of spanish-speakers with a history of COVID-19 and controls
    (MDPI, 2023) Perrin, Paul B.; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; West, Samuel J.; Merced, Kritzia; Klyce, Daniel W.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Alzueta, Elisabet; Baker, Fiona C.; Iacovides, Stella; Cortes, Mar; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Background: Psychometric network analysis provides a novel statistical approach allowing researchers to model clusters of related symptoms as a dynamic system. This study applied network analysis to investigate the patterns of somatic, cognitive, and affective neurobehavioral symptoms in an international sample of Spanish-speaking individuals with a history of COVID-19 positivity and non-COVID controls; (2) methods: the sample (n = 1093) included 650 adults from 26 countries who reported having previously tested positive for COVID-19 (COVID+) through a viral and/or antigen test (average of 147 days since diagnosis). The control group (COVID−) was comprised of 443 adults from 20 countries who had completed the survey prior to the COVID19 pandemic; (3) results: relative to the COVID− network, the COVID+ network was very wellconnected, such that each neurobehavioral symptom was positively connected to the network. The organize-to-headache and dizzy-to-balance connections in the COVID+ network were stronger than in the COVID− network. The hearing, numbness, and tense symptoms were more central to the COVID+ network with the latter connected to the sleep, fatigue, and frustrated symptoms. The COVID− network was largely disjointed, with most of the somatosensory symptoms forming their own cluster with no connections to other symptom groups and fatigue not being connected to any other symptom. The cognitive and affective symptoms in the COVID− network were also largely connected to symptoms from within their own groups; (4) conclusions: These findings suggest that many of the long-term neurobehavioral symptoms of COVID-19 form a discernable network and that headaches, frustration, hearing problems, forgetfulness, and tension are the most central symptoms. Cognitive and behavioral rehabilitation strategies targeting these central symptom network features may hold promise to help fracture the lingering symptom network of COVID-19.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Normative data estimation in neuropsychological tests: a systematic review
    (Oxford University Press, 2024) Del Cacho Tena, Ana María; Christ, Bryan R.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Perrin, Paul B.; Rivera, Diego; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Objective: To quantify the evolution, impact, and importance of normative data (ND) calculation by identifying trends in the research literature and what approaches need improvement. Methods: A PRISMA-guideline systematic review was performed on literature from 2000 to 2022 in PubMed, Pub-Psych, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria included scientific articles about ND in neuropsychological tests with clear data analysis, published in any country, and written in English or Spanish. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Bibliometric analysis was used to examine the growth, productivity, journal dispersion, and impact of the topic. VOSViewer compared keyword co-occurrence networks between 1952¿1999 and 2000¿2022. Results: Four hundred twelve articles met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most studied predictors were age, education, and sex. There were a greater number of studies/projects focusing on adults than children. The Verbal Fluency Test (12.7%) was the most studied test, and the most frequently used variable selection strategy was linear regression (49.5%). Regression-based approaches were widely used, whereas the traditional approach was still used. ND were presented mostly in percentiles (44.2%). Bibliometrics showed exponential growth in publications. Three journals (2.41%) were in the Core Zone. VOSViewer results showed small nodes, long distances, and four ND-related topics from 1952 to 1999, and there were larger nodes with short connections from 2000 to 2022, indicating topic spread. Conclusions: Future studies should be conducted on children¿s ND, and alternative statistical methods should be used over the widely used regression approaches to address limitations and support growth of the field.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Normative data for executive function tests in an Ecuadorian Waranka minority population
    (Taylor & Francis, 2024-07-01) Fierro Bósquez, María José; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Christ, Bryan R.; Arjol, David; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Rivera, Diego; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
    Objective: To generate normative data (ND) for executive functions tests in the Waranka minority population of Ecuador. Method: Four-hundred participants aged 6–17 completed the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Trail-Making Test (TMT), Modified-Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), and Test of Colors-Words (STROOP). Scores were normed using multiple linear regressions, including age, age2, natural logarithm of mean parent education (MPE), sex, bilingualism, and two-way interactions as predictors. Results: Age by MPE and Age2 by MPE interactions arose for SDMT, so that children with illiterate parents scored lower than those with literate parents. Girls scored higher in SDMT. All TMT and M-WCST scores were influenced by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for TMT–A, so that children with higher MPE went faster; and age by bilingualism interaction for TMT–B, so that more bilingual children needed less time. Stroop-Word and Color were influenced by age2 by MPE interaction, so that children, while older, scored higher, especially those with higher MPE. Also, age2 by sex interaction arose, so that girls increased scores curvilinearly while boys linearly. Word-Color was influenced by age, while Stroop-interference by age2. Age by MPE interaction was found for MCST-Categories and Perseveration, so that perseverations decreased to then increased, especially in those with illiterate parents. M-WCST-Category scores increased to then decrease later on age in children with illiterate parents. Z-scores calculated through indigenous ND were significantly lower than generated through non-indigenous norms. Conclusions: ND for minority populations are critical since Waranka sample performed worse when using non-indigenous norms for z-score calculation.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Normative data for tests of visuo-spatial, visuo-constructional skills, and visual memory for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States
    (SAGE, 2024-09-17) Morel Valdés, Gloria M.; Rivera, Diego; Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Carrión, Carmen I.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Maltez, Fatima Iyarit; Rodríguez, Miriam J.; Dini, Mia E.; Munoz, Geovani; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Drago, Christin I.; García, Patricia; Rivera, Patricia M.; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are commonly used in clinical practice. The ROCFT measures constructional praxis, visual perception, and visuospatial learning and memory and the CDT assesses for visuospatial, constructional, and executive difficulties. Several neurological disorders are associated with visuospatial and visuoconstructional impairments, yet reliable normative data accounting for sociodemographic aspects of identity and acculturative variables are scarce for Hispanics living in the U.S. Objective: To generate normative data for the ROCF and CDT in a Spanish-speaking adult population living in the U.S. Methods: The sample consisted of 245 participants' cognitively normal adults, recruited from several states in the U.S. Each participant was administered the ROCFT and CDT as part of a larger cognitive battery. The ROCFT and CDT were normed using a Bayesian approach. Age, age, education, sex, acculturation, and language competence, were included as predictors in the analyses. Results: ROCFT was associated with education and age, particularly as they interact with Spanish language competency, and time spent in the U.S. Education was significantly associated with recall abilities and a lower memory recall on the ROCFT. Age was found to vary depending on a person¿s bilingual abilities. Sex did not emerge as a predictor of performance, and it was not moderated by other variables. Conclusions: This is the first study to include acculturation and language proficiency variables in the creation of norms for the assessment of visuoconstruction abilities. This study will have a large impact on the practice of neuropsychology in the U.S.
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    PublicationOpen Access
    Normative data for verbal fluency and naming tests in Spanish-speaking adults in the United States
    (SAGE, 2024-08-22) Olabarrieta Landa, Laiene; Rivera, Diego; Xia, Bridget; Moreno, Oswaldo; Ramos Usuga, Daniela; Morel Valdés, Gloria M.; López, Enrique; Rodríguez, Miriam J.; Carrión, Carmen I.; Lequerica, Anthony H.; Drago, Christin I.; García, Patricia; Rivera, Patricia M.; Perrin, Paul B.; Arango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
    Background: The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) are commonly used in clinical practice. The ROCFT measures constructional praxis, visual perception, and visuospatial learning and memory and the CDT assesses for visuospatial, constructional, and executive difficulties. Several neurological disorders are associated with visuospatial and visuoconstructional impairments, yet reliable normative data accounting for sociodemographic aspects of identity and acculturative variables are scarce for Hispanics living in the U.S. Objective: To generate normative data for the ROCF and CDT in a Spanish-speaking adult population living in the U.S. Methods: The sample consisted of 245 participants¿ cognitively normal adults, recruited from several states in the U.S. Each participant was administered the ROCFT and CDT as part of a larger cognitive battery. The ROCFT and CDT were normed using a Bayesian approach. Age, age2, education, sex, acculturation, and language competence, were included as predictors in the analyses. Results: ROCFT was associated with education and age, particularly as they interact with Spanish language competency, and time spent in the U.S. Education was significantly associated with recall abilities and a lower memory recall on the ROCFT. Age was found to vary depending on a person¿s bilingual abilities. Sex did not emerge as a predictor of performance, and it was not moderated by other variables. Conclusions: This is the first study to include acculturation and language proficiency variables in the creation of norms for the assessment of visuoconstruction abilities. This study will have a large impact on the practice of neuropsychology in the U.S.