DSpace Repository :: Browsing by Author "Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo"

Browsing by Author "Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo"

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Open Access
ABP y competencias transversales en dos asignaturas introductorias de Psicología en los Grados en Psicología y Medicina: memoria final PINNE
(2024) Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Macho Fernández, Sara; Zeas Sigüenza, Ananda; López García, Juan Carlos; Quintero, Esperanza; Bellido-Esteban, Alberto; Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Sánchez Puertas, Rafael; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia
Acciones de planificación y formación realizadas en el curso 22/23. A partir de la implantación del Plan Bolonia en el 2000, el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) se ha convertido en una de las innovaciones metodológicas más extendidas en España para la adquisición de competencias. En este contexto, el objetivo de este proyecto fue profundizar en el ABP para mejorar la calidad del proceso de enseñanza/aprendizaje en dos asignaturas de corte introductorio del Grado en Psicología (Introducción a la Psicología) y del Grado en Medicina (Psicología). Acciones de implementación realizadas durante el curso 23/24: Teniendo en consideración los resultados del primer año de formación, se concluyó: 1. que el énfasis del ABP en el aprendizaje por descubrimiento es inconsistente con la arquitectura de la cognición humana y la evolución de los sistemas de adquisición de conocimientos "social y/o culturalmente" valiosos propios de la Universidad. 2. que el aprendizaje basado en instrucción directa/explícita de contenidos por un profesor experto en la disciplina es la forma más eficiente de enseñar. 3. Que todo aprendizaje, independientemente del método es, inevitablemente, “activo” y “memorístico”. No hay aprendizaje sin memoria. Por lo tanto, y siguiendo un principio de precaución, lo primero es no hacer daño, se sustituyó la incorporación de la metodología ABP por el re-diseño de las dos asignaturas introductorias implicadas en el proyecto en base a la formación y evidencias previamente citadas, para garantizar la calidad en la enseñanza de conocimientos teóricos y rigurosos, propios del nivel universitario de educación superior a través de la instrucción directa o método expositivo participativo.
Open Access
Accelerated forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: When does it occur?
(Elsevier, 2021) Contador Castillo, Israel; Sánchez, Abraham; Kopelman, Michael D.; González de la Aleja, Jesús; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Objective: the main goal of the study was to analyse differences in the forgetting rates of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) patients at different intervals (30 sec, 10 min, 1 day and 1 week) compared with those of healthy controls. A secondary aim of this research was to provide an assessment of the relationship between clinical epilepsy-related variables and forgetting rates in TLE patients. Method: the sample was composed of 14 TLE patients and 14 healthy matched controls. All participants underwent a full standardised neuropsychological assessment including general intelligence, executive functioning, memory, language and other variables, such as depression, anxiety or everyday memory failures. Two specific memory tasks, consisting of cued recall of 4 short stories and 4 routes, were carried out at four different intervals. Results: there was a significant difference between groups at 10-min interval on the stories task, with the TLE group displaying greater forgetting than healthy controls. None of the other intervals on either task showed significant group differences. No differences were found when controlling for clinical epilepsy-related variables. Conclusion: forgetting of verbal information at 10 min was greater in patients with TLE compared with controls, but accelerated longer term forgetting was not found. This study suggests that a late consolidation process is not necessarily impaired in TLE patients.
Open Access
Alcohol consumption in university professors: the role of stress and gender
(2018) Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia; López-Goñi, José Javier; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Fernández Suárez, Iván; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The role of job satisfaction and other psychosocial variables in problematic alcohol consumption within professional settings remains understudied. The aim of this study is to assess the level of problematic alcohol consumption among male and female university professors and associated psychosocial variables. A total of 360 professors (183 men and 177 women) of a large private university in Ecuador were surveyed using standardized instruments for the following psychosocial measures: alcohol consumption, job satisfaction, psychological stress, psychological flexibility, social support and resilience. Problematic alcohol consumption was found in 13.1% of participants, although this was significantly higher (χ2 = 15.6; d.f. = 2, p < 0.001) in men (19.1%) than women (6.8%). Problematic alcohol consumption was reported in men with higher perceived stress and job satisfaction. However, 83.3% of women with problematic alcohol use reported lower job satisfaction and higher psychological inflexibility. Results suggest that job satisfaction itself did not prevent problematic alcohol consumption in men; stress was associated with problematic consumption in men and psychological inflexibility in women. Findings from this study support the need to assess aspects of alcohol consumption and problematic behavior differently among men and women. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol consumption in university professors must be different for men and women.
Open Access
Análisis de variables transdiagnósticas en el consumo problemático de alcohol y depresión en Ecuador
(2024) Sánchez Puertas, Rafael; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; López Núñez, Carla; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Contextualización: En países de bajo/medio nivel de ingresos como Ecuador, existe una alta prevalencia de consumo problemático de alcohol y depresión, así como un déficit de profesionales especializados para el abordaje de estas problemáticas quienes, además, en su mayoría adoptan un modelo biomédico de salud mental centrado en el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de los trastornos mentales, no en la prevención. Objetivos: Los objetivos de esta tesis son tres: 1) Describir las características y eficacia de los programas de prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol en jóvenes adultos; 2) Analizar el valor predictivo y las relaciones condicionales de mediación y moderación de variables transdiagnósticas en el consumo problemático de alcohol en jóvenes adultos ecuatorianos; y 3) Explicar las diferencias según el sexo en depresión a partir del análisis de variables transdiagnósticas en una muestra de población general adulta ecuatoriana. Resultados: 1) La efectividad de los programas de prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol en adultos jóvenes en estudios controlados es inconsistente. Además, tales programas se centran en intervenciones inespecíficas basadas en el incremento de habilidades sociales y control parental para la reducción de la disponibilidad y accesibilidad al alcohol, sin incluir variables transdiagnósticas; 2) Por otro lado, el estrés psicológico y la inflexibilidad psicológica predijeron un mayor riesgo de consumo de alcohol en adultos jóvenes, tanto en hombres como en mujeres de Ecuador; y el impacto del estrés sobre el consumo problemático estuvo mediado por la inflexibilidad psicológica y moderado por el sexo; y 3) El estrés psicológico o percepción de falta de control, también fue el mejor predictor de depresión en adultos de Ecuador, siendo la soledad uno de los principales estresores, subrayando la necesidad de potenciar las relaciones sociales para ejercer un mayor control sobre nuestras vidas. Conclusiones: El estrés psicológico es el mejor predictor del consumo problemático de alcohol y la depresión en Ecuador. La soledad es un estresor específico muy potente que subraya nuestro carácter social. Y la (in)flexibilidad psicológica subraya la importancia de los patrones de afrontamiento de eventos aversivos/estresantes. En conjunto, los resultados son consistentes con la importancia que ejerce el papel de variables transdiagnósticas en el diseño de futuros programas dirigidos a la prevención y promoción de la salud mental en Ecuador.
Open Access
Análisis del efecto de la exposición a información, del sexo y de la edad sobre las preferencias de tratamiento en depresión leve a moderada
(Colegio Oficial de Psicólogía de Andalucía Occidental, 2018) Peral Cabrera, Blanca; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Estudios previos han encontrado que la atención a las preferencias de los pacientes acorta la duración del tratamiento en depresión. Sin embargo, no se conocen las variables que influyen en las preferencias por cada modalidad de tratamiento (psicofarmacológica/psicoterapéutica/combinada). El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar el efecto de la exposición a información mínima sobre eficacia terapéutica, el sexo y la edad de los participantes en sus preferencias de tratamiento. A través de redes sociales, se encuestó a 335 personas sobre preferencias de tratamiento en depresión. La exposición a información no influyó en el grado de preferencia por una u otra. La preferencia por el tratamiento farmacológico fue inferior al psicoterapéutico en mujeres y jóvenes. Los principales motivos expresados fueron la confianza en la terapia combinada y en la psicoterapia. Se discuten las implicaciones para el abordaje del tratamiento de depresión.
Open Access
Análisis del papel de los determinantes sociales en salud mental. Una revisión sistemática
(2024) Shahbazyan Jndoyan, Victoria; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
Antecedentes: a pesar de que el modelo biomédico de salud mental sigue siendo el paradigma dominante a la hora de conceptualizar y abordar los problemas en salud mental, en las últimas décadas ha recibido fuertes críticas por subestimar y/o ignorar la importancia de los factores psicosociales en la aparición de problemas de salud mental, tal y como destaca la Comisión sobre Determinantes Sociales de la Salud de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio es analizar la evidencia empírica y teórica disponible sobre el impacto de los determinantes sociales en salud mental. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática con un total de 31 artículos extraídos de las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus publicados en inglés a texto completo en la última década (desde 2014) con la sintaxis de búsqueda "social determinants" AND "mental health". Resultados: 1. Las condiciones en las que las personas nacen, crecen, trabajan y envejecen son los principales determinantes de la salud mental a nivel poblacional. 2. El principal determinante social de la salud mental y salud en general es el estatus socioeconómico, independientemente del indicador o proxy que se utilice para su medición: nivel de ingresos, estatus profesional, nivel educativo, o vivienda. 3. Mayor desigualdad en el nivel socioeconómico supone una mayor desigualdad en el grado de exposición a situaciones adversas o de privación asociados con peor salud mental. 4. El estrés sería el principal mecanismo implicado en explicar cómo la exposición a situaciones sociales adversas de derivación, no sólo materiales, sino sociales relacionadas con la soledad o marginación, pueden impactar en la biología o salud de las personas a medio-largo plazo por acumulación de daño. Discusión: los resultados de este estudio subrayan la necesidad de superar las limitaciones del modelo biomédico clásico de salud mental, al ofrecer una conceptualización reduccionista y biologicista. Los resultados de este estudio son consistentes con la necesidad de prestar atención al origen social de los problemas de salud mental; es decir, a las “causas de las causas”, poniendo el énfasis no sólo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento sintomático e individualizado, generalmente psicofarmacológico de problemas de salud mental, sino prestar atención a las condiciones en las que aparecen dichos problemas en primer lugar, y que son de naturaleza social, y por lo tanto, política, susceptible de modificarse por decisiones colectivas. Conclusiones: los determinantes de salud mental, y en especial la desigualdad económica, es el principal responsable de las diferencias en salud mental a nivel poblacional independientemente del indicador considerado. Por lo tanto, son predecibles y evitables, luego injustas.
Open Access
Anatomy of educational innovations based on learning by discovery in higher education
(Consejo General de la Psicología de España, 2024) Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Contador Castillo, Israel; Quintero, Esperanza; López-García, Juan Carlos; Álvarez-Díaz, Beatriz; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Fernández-Calvo, Bernardino; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Social Research - ICOMMUNITAS
El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar las innovaciones docentes derivadas del Plan Bolonia, centrando la atención en el aprendizaje basado en problemas y la gamificación, que resaltan la importancia del aprendizaje por descubrimiento o autónomo. Se analizan metaanálisis y artículos prominentes en ¿Education¿ and ¿Educational Research¿ de los últimos 5 años. Utilizando un símil biomédico, se identifican los principios activos de las innovaciones basadas en aprendizaje por descubrimiento, destacando la subordinación de contenidos teóricos a competencias prácticas y la ruptura del binomio docente-estudiante. Se señalan efectos adversos como la devaluación de clases magistrales, desacreditación de la autoridad docente y la infantilización de estudiantes. Diferentes estudios indican que la eficacia del aprendizaje por descubrimiento en la educación superior es débil e inconsistente. Por tanto, se aboga por la prudencia en su implementación y la preservación de la función social universitaria para transmitir conocimiento a niveles superiores.
Open Access
The distinctive role of grounded optimism and resilience for predicting burnout and work engagement: a study in professional caregivers of older adults
(Elsevier, 2022) Nieto-Carracedo, Ana; Contador Castillo, Israel; Palenzuela, David L.; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Ramos, Francisco; Fernández-Calvo, Bernardino; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Background: Resilience and optimism have been proposed as psychological resources which may help to cope better with work demands, preventing negative consequences of stress, whereas external locus of control (ELC) is considered an intra-psychic vulnerability factor associated with increased burnout. Noteworthy, the specific role of these overlapping constructs on the prevention of burnout and promotion of work engagement, respectively, remains unclear. Objective: The main aim of this study was to compare the differential significance of resilience and optimism, joined with ELC, on the prediction of burnout and work engagement. Method: A sample of 265 professional caregivers of dependent older adults was assessed using an extensive standardized protocol. Optimism and ELC were measured using the Palenzuela's Battery of Generalised Expectancies of Control, and the Connor-Davidson Scale was used to estimate resilience. Moreover, the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used to measure burnout and work engagement, respectively. Different hierarchical regression models were conducted with burnout and work engagement as dependent factors. Results: The results showed that more than half (51%) variance in resilience was accounted by grounded optimism scores. The ELC was the main explanatory factor of burnout, whereas optimism and resilience were the best predictors of work engagement. Finally, even after controlling the effect of resilience, the effect of optimism remained significant for predicting work engagement. Conclusions: These findings support distinctive role resilience and optimism, two closely related psychological constructs, for promoting work engagement and reducing burnout in professional caregivers of older adults.
Open Access
Editorial: Psychophysiology of stress
(Frontiers Media, 2022) Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.; Knechtle, Beat; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Stress is a multifactorial complex phenomenon where organic resources are mobilized to deal with a real or perceived threat (Cohen et al., 1983). The stress response is one of the most important phylogenetic coping mechanisms that have allowed humans to successfully adapt to highly demanding and potentially dangerous contexts (Hadany et al., 2006; Korzan and Summers, 2021). The intrinsic neurobiological mechanisms involved in the stress response have not changed much in the last stages of the evolution of the human being, prominently including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and the autonomic nervous system (Ulrich-Lai and Herman, 2009;McEwen et al., 2015; Cohen et al., 2016). In contrast, our social context has changed dramatically recently in evolutionary terms.
Open Access
Estrés psicológico y funciones ejecutivas: una revisión sistemática
(2023) Sainz Casas, Claudia; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
Estudios previos han documentado los efectos perjudiciales del estrés sobre la salud, pero su impacto sobre las funciones cognitivas ha sido menos estudiado. Las funciones ejecutivas son importantes porque predicen no sólo el éxito académico, sino el éxito profesional, personal, salud y calidad de vida. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar el impacto del estrés sobre las funciones ejecutivas en el contexto de toma de decisiones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de un total de 44 artículos publicados en inglés a texto completo identificados en Web of Science y PsychInfo. Los resultados sugieren que el estrés afectaría negativa y significativamente a las funciones ejecutivas y al rendimiento en toma de decisiones complejas con altas demandas cognitivas. La base neurobiológica de este efecto es consistente con la sensibilidad del córtex prefrontal, hipocampo y amígdala a las hormonas asociadas a la respuesta de estrés. El efecto del estrés sobre el córtex prefrontal estaría asociado con un rendimiento más pobre de la memoria de trabajo o habilidad para manipular información simultáneamente de forma consciente; la flexibilidad cognitiva o habilidad para abordar un problema desde diferentes perspectivas; o el control inhibitorio o habilidad para controlar impulsos o respuestas automáticas. Complementariamente, el impacto sobre el hipocampo estaría asociado con peor funcionamiento del proceso de consolidación mnésico, especialmente de la memoria declarativa o espacial, necesaria para múltiples tomas de decisiones complejas; y el impacto sobre la amígdala sesga cognitivamente hacia la interpretación negativa de situaciones ambiguas. Finalmente, se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos.
Open Access
Estrés, desigualdad y salud: una revisión sistemática
(2023) Magarín Crespo, Nicolás; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientzien Fakultatea
Antecedentes: la investigación sobre determinantes sociales de la salud está recibiendo cada vez más atención en la literatura científica, cuestionando la utilidad del modelo biomédico y subrayando la importancia de los factores psicosociales en la salud física y mental. Sin embargo, no está clara la naturaleza, escala o los mecanismos que explican cómo el contexto psicosocial impacta en la salud de la población. Objetivos: el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la naturaleza y escala de los determinantes sociales sobre la salud y el papel del estrés en este proceso. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de un total de 80 artículos científicos publicados a texto completo en inglés en los últimos diez años en las bases de datos Web of Science, PubMed y PsycINFO. Resultados y conclusiones: los determinantes sociales de la salud son un “hot topic” actualmente, encontrando un incremento de las publicaciones asociadas con este tema en los últimos años. Los resultados indican de forma consistente que un menor estatus socioeconómico y mayores niveles de desigualdad están asociados con peores indicadores de salud física y mental, independientemente del indicador considerado. La desigualdad, y no sólo las situaciones más desfavorables como la pobreza, provocan una activación crónica de la respuesta de estrés (eje hipotalámico-hipofisiario-adrenal y sistema nervioso periférico simpático), responsable de sus efectos sobre la salud. Discusión: se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados obtenidos en el contexto del actual modelo biomédico en salud y, especialmente, en lo que respecta a la salud mental.
Open Access
Gender differences in problematic alcohol consumption in university professors
(MDPI, 2017) Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia; López-Goñi, José Javier; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; Fernández Suárez, Iván; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
The role of job satisfaction and other psychosocial variables in problematic alcohol consumption within professional settings remains understudied. The aim of this study is to assess the level of problematic alcohol consumption among male and female university professors and associated psychosocial variables. A total of 360 professors (183 men and 177 women) of a large private university in Ecuador were surveyed using standardized instruments for the following psychosocial measures: alcohol consumption, job satisfaction, psychological stress, psychological flexibility, social support and resilience. Problematic alcohol consumption was found in 13.1% of participants, although this was significantly higher (χ2 = 15.6; d.f. = 2, p < 0.001) in men (19.1%) than women (6.8%). Problematic alcohol consumption was reported in men with higher perceived stress and job satisfaction. However, 83.3% of women with problematic alcohol use reported lower job satisfaction and higher psychological inflexibility. Results suggest that job satisfaction itself did not prevent problematic alcohol consumption in men; stress was associated with problematic consumption in men and psychological inflexibility in women. Findings from this study support the need to assess aspects of alcohol consumption and problematic behavior differently among men and women. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing or reducing problematic alcohol consumption in university professors must be different for men and women.
Open Access
Gender differences in risk factors for Stice’s bulimia in a non-clinical sample
(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Cacho Fernández, Raúl; López-Goñi, José Javier; Real Deus, José Eulogio; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia; Mayoral, Paula; Psicología y Pedagogía; Psikologia eta Pedagogia
Some females are at an increased risk of developing bulimia. However, etiological factors and their interplay remain controversial. The present study analyzed Stice’s Model for eating disorders in a non-clinical population by examining gender differences with respect to the following risk factors: body mass index (BMI), body dissatisfaction, perceived social pressure to be thin, body-thin internalization, and dieting behavior. A sample of 162 American college students (64 males and 91 females) was surveyed, and validated scales were used. The Stice’s model was tested using Structural Equation Modeling. Our results supported Stice’s Dual Pathway Model of bulimic pathology for females but not for males. The results of this study fail to support the role of BMI as a predictor of dietary restraint in females, the main risk factor of eating disorders. Males may abstain from dietary restraint to gain muscular volume and in turn increase their BMI. Implications are discussed.
Open Access
Gender differences in transdiagnostic predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in a large sample of college students in Ecuador
(Health Psychology, 2022) Sánchez Puertas, Rafael; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; López Núñez, Carla; Vaca Gallegos, Silvia; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background: alcohol use is one of the main risk factors that leads to detrimental health effects and support for a transdiagnostic approach to alcohol use disorders is growing. However, the role of transdiagnostic predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in Ecuador are understudied. Objective: the aim of this study was to examine gender differences in psychological stress and inflexibility as transdiagnostic predictors of problematic alcohol consumption in a large sample of college students in Ecuador. Methods: a total of 7,905 college students (21.49years, SD=3.68; 53.75% females) were surveyed using the following standardized scales: alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Perceived Stress Scale-14, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-7). Macro Process for SPSS (models 4 and 7) was used to analyze mediation and moderation effects. Results: reported alcohol consumption was significantly higher in men than women students. On the other hand, women reported significantly higher levels of perceived stress and psychological inflexibility than men students. Gender, age, psychological stress, and inflexibility were significant predictors of alcohol consumption. Moreover, psychological inflexibility mediated the impact of stress on alcohol consumption, particularly in women (for men b=0.065, 95% CI [0.048 to 0.083], for women b=0.070, 95% CI [0.051 to 0.089]). Discussion: results of this study support psychological stress and psychological inflexibility as critical transdiagnostic variables related to increased rates of alcohol consumption among Ecuadorian college students. These conclusions contribute to the development of transdiagnostic comprehensive programs, which encompasses promotive, preventive, and treatment services that allow to alleviate the burden of alcohol, as well as to enrich the growing research on alcohol consumption in this population from a gender perspective.
Open Access
The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on mental disorders. A critical review
(MDPI, 2021) Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Martínez-González, Marina Begoña; Benítez Agudelo, Juan Camilo; Navarro Jiménez, Eduardo; Beltrán Velasco, Ana Isabel; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Díaz Arroyo, Esperanza; Laborde Cárdenas, Carmen Cecilia; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the lives of the worldwide population. Citizens suffer the social, economic, physiological, and psychological effects of this pandemic. Primary sources, scientific articles, and secondary bibliographic indexes, databases, and web pages were used for a consensus critical review. The method was a narrative review of the available literature to summarize the existing literature addressing mental health concerns and stressors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The main search engines used in the present research were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. We found the pandemic has had a direct impact on psychopathologies such as anxiety, increasing its ratios, and depression. Other syndromes such as burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder have increased with the pandemic, showing a larger incidence among medical personnel. Moreover, eating disorders and violence have also increased. Public authorities must prepare healthcare systems for increasing incidences of mental pathologies. Mental health apps are one of the tools that can be used to reach the general population.
Open Access
Inflammation in COVID-19 and the effects of non-pharmacological interventions during the pandemic: a review
(MDPI, 2022) Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Bustamante Sanchez, Álvaro; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Mielgo Ayuso, Juan; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that hit the health systems worldwide hard, causing a collapse of healthcare systems. One of the main problems of this new virus is the high inflammatory response it provokes, which is the cause of much of the symptoms. Different pharmacological approaches tried to stop the advance of the pandemic, but it seems that only vaccines are the solution. In this line, different nonpharmacological approaches have been made in order to improve symptomatology, contagion, and spread of COVID-19, the principal factors being the physical activity, nutrition, physiotherapy, psychology, and life patterns. The SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a disproportionate inflammatory response in the organism of the guest and causes complications in this that can end the life of the patient. It has been possible to see how different nonpharmacological interventions based on physical activity, nutritional, psychological, and physical therapy, and lifestyle changes can be functional tools to treat this inflammation. Thus, in the present review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of inflammation in COVID-19 and the nonpharmacological interventions related to it.
Open Access
Metabolic health, mitochondrial fitness, physical activity, and cancer
(MDPI, 2023) Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Martín Rodríguez, Alexandra; Redondo Flórez, Laura; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Navarro Jiménez, Eduardo; Ramos Campo, Domingo Jesús; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Cancer continues to be a significant global health issue. Traditional genetic-based approaches to understanding and treating cancer have had limited success. Researchers are increasingly exploring the impact of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, on cancer development. Examining the role of mitochondria in this context is crucial for understanding the connections between metabolic health, physical activity, and cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on this topic through a comprehensive narrative review of various databases including MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. The review highlighted the importance of mitochondrial function in overall health and in regulating key events in cancer development, such as apoptosis. The concept of “mitochondrial fitness” emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in cell metabolism, particularly their oxidative functions, and how proper function can prevent replication errors and regulate apoptosis. Engaging in high-energy-demanding movement, such as exercise, is a powerful intervention for improving mitochondrial function and increasing resistance to environmental stressors. These findings support the significance of considering the role of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, in cancer development and treatment. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical activity improves mitochondrial function and potentially reduces the risk of cancer.
Open Access
Modification in psychophysiological stress parameters of soldiers after an integral operative training prior to a real mission
(MDPI, 2022) Bellido-Esteban, Alberto; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Background. Military personel could be defined as 'Tactical Athletes'. However, experimental evidence about the effects of new HIIT trainings in comparison with traditional training schedules is lacking. The aim of this study was to experimentally analyze the modifications on psychophysiological and performance response of soldiers after completing experimental integral operative training. Methods. A total of 43 male subjects of a special unit force of the Spanish armed forces were randomly selected and assigned into the experimental and control groups assessed after training and after deploying in a real operation area. The experimental group underwent an integral operative pre-mission 6-week training (IOT), and the control group, the 6-week traditional training. Results. HIIT-based integral operative training significantly improved combat performance (melee combat score) and the psychophysiological stress response, as measured by heart rate variability indexes. (4) Conclusion. This study provides experimental evidence supporting a new integral operative effective for improved autonomic regulation, reduced perceived stress, melee and close-quarter combat techniques, in addition to aerobic and anaerobic performance and lower body strength in comparison with the traditional training.
Open Access
Nutritional modulation of the gut-brain axis: a comprehensive review of dietary interventions in depression and anxiety management
(MDPI, 2024-10-14) Merino del Portillo, Mariana ; Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Jiménez, Manuel; Ramos Campo, Domingo Jesús; Beltrán Velasco, Ana Isabel; Martínez-Guardado, Ismael; Rubio-Zarapuz, Alejandro ; Navarro Jiménez, Eduardo; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient’s nutrition are receiving more attention. In addition, food products are the source of many essential ingredients involved in the regulation of mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and others. For this reason, this narrative review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety disorders. To reach the review aim, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl. The results show a direct relationship between what we eat and the state of our nervous system. The gut–brain axis is a complex system in which the intestinal microbiota communicates directly with our nervous system and provides it with neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance in our microbiota due to poor nutrition will cause an inflammatory response that, if sustained over time and together with other factors, can lead to disorders such as anxiety and depression. Changes in the functions of the microbiota–gut–brain axis have been linked to several mental disorders. It is believed that the modulation of the microbiome composition may be an effective strategy for a new treatment of these disorders. Modifications in nutritional behaviors and the use of ergogenic components are presented as important non-pharmacological interventions in anxiety and depression prevention and treatment. It is desirable that the choice of nutritional and probiotic treatment in individual patients be based on the results of appropriate biochemical and microbiological tests.
Open Access
Performance of fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis of emergency system in COVID-19 pandemic. An extensive narrative review
(MDPI, 2021) Clemente Suárez, Vicente Javier; Navarro Jiménez, Eduardo; Ruisoto Palomera, Pablo; Dalamitros, Athanasios A.; Beltrán Velasco, Ana Isabel; Hormeno-Holgado, Alberto Joaquín; Laborde Cárdenas, Carmen Cecilia; Tornero Aguilera, José Francisco; Ciencias de la Salud; Osasun Zientziak
The actual coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to the limit of emergency systems worldwide, leading to the collapse of health systems, police, first responders, as well as other areas. Various ways of dealing with this world crisis have been proposed from many aspects, with fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis being a method that can be applied to a wide range of emergency systems and professional groups, aiming to confront several associated issues and challenges. The purpose of this critical review was to discuss the basic principles, present current applications during the first pandemic wave, and propose future implications of this methodology. For this purpose, both primary sources, such as scientific articles, and secondary ones, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases, were used. The main search engines were PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The method was a systematic literature review of the available literature regarding the performance of the fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis of emergency systems in the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study highlight the importance of the fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis method as a beneficial tool for healthcare workers and first responders' emergency professionals to face this pandemic as well as to manage the created uncertainty and its related risks.