Open Access
Aprendizaje basado en casos en la enseñanza de la Acústica Arquitectónica: acondicionamiento acústico del gimnasio de una escuela para utilizarlo como sala de conferencias
(Sociedade Portuguesa de Acústica, 2024) San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Eguinoa Cabrito, Rubén; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
El Aprendizaje Basado en Casos (Case-Based Learning, CBL) es una de las metodologías activas de aprendizaje cooperativo más empleadas, sobre todo en escuelas de negocios o estudios de derecho, pero también en últimos cursos de ingeniería. Consiste en crear situaciones similares a las que los estudiantes se enfrentarán en su vida profesional al finalizar sus estudios. Esta comunicación presenta una experiencia desarrollada en la asignatura Acústica Arquitectónica del Grado en Ingeniería en Tecnologías de Telecomunicación de la Universidad Pública de Navarra. El caso diseñado recrea una de las actividades profesionales a las que se enfrenta habitualmente un ingeniero acústico: el acondicionamiento de un recinto por deficiencia acústica, reforma o cambio de uso. Se describen aspectos curriculares, planificación, materiales disponibles, método de evaluación y resultados obtenidos, junto con la valoración tanto del profesorado como del alumnado.
Open Access
Sistema basado en tecnología 5G de monitorización psicoacústica del paisaje sonoro en smart cities con offloading computacional dinámico en el Edge
(Sociedade Portuguesa de Acústica, 2020) Segura García, Jaume; Felici Castell, Santiago; Álvarez Calero, José M.; Wang, Qi; López Ballester, Jesús; Fayos, Rafael; Pérez Solano, Juan J.; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
En las tecnologías de próxima generación, el control de las molestias por ruido ambiental en una Smart City debería ser lo más eficiente posible. Los sistemas IoT sobre tecnologías 5G ofrecen una gran oportunidad para hacer offloading del cómputo en los nodos sensores, ya que proporciona una serie de nuevos conceptos para el cómputo dinámico que las tecnologías anteriores no ofrecían. En este artículo, se ha implementado un sistema IoT completo basado en tecnología 5G para la monitorización psicoacústica utilizando diferentes opciones para descargar el cómputo a diferentes partes del sistema. Esta descarga se ha realizado mediante el desarrollo de diferentes splittings funcionales de los algoritmos de cálculo de las métricas psicoacústicas. Por último, se muestra una comparación del rendimiento entre los diferentes splittings funcionales y su aplicación con un análisis detallado.
Open Access
People exposed to traffic noise in european agglomerations from noise maps: a critical review
(De Gruyter, 2014) Arana Burgui, Miguel; San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Salinas Hilburg, Juan Carlos; Física; Fisika
Two of the main objectives of the European Directive on environmental noise are, firstly, to unify acoustic indices for assessing environmental noise and, secondly, to standardize assessment methodologies. The ultimate goal is to objectively and comparably manage the impact and evolution of environmental noise caused both by urban agglomerations and by traffic infrastructures (roads, rails and airports). The use of common indices and methodologies (together with five-year plan assessment required by the authorities in charge) should show how noise pollution levels are evolving plus the effectiveness of corrective measures implemented in the action plans. In this paper, available results from numerous European agglomerations (with particular emphasis on Spanish agglomerations) are compared and analysed. The impact and its evolution are based on the percentage of people exposed to noise. More specifically, it demonstrates the impact caused by road traffic, which proves to be the main noise source in all agglomerations. In many cases, the results are extremely remarkable. In some case, the results are illogical. For such cases, it can be concluded that either assessment methodologies have been significantly amended or the input variables to the calculation programs have been remarkably changed. The uncertainty associated with the results is such that, in our opinion, no conclusions can be drawn concerning the effectiveness of remedial measures designed within the action plans after the Directive’s first implementation Phase.
Open Access
An efficient algorithm for the evaluation of tonality and the determination of the tonal frequency according to IEC 61400-11
(Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2019) Arana Burgui, Miguel; San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Ezcurra Guisasola, María Amaya; Valencia Leoz, Ana; Llorente, Elena; Ciencias; Zientziak
The terms of tonality and tonal audibility of the noise emitted by wind turbines are defined and described in the standard IEC 61400-11. The procedure for tonality assessment at different wind speeds based on the narrowband analysis is explained in section 9.5 of the standard. After sorting spectra into wind speed bins, the overall tonal audibility is determined if at least six of ten of the narrowband spectra have an identified tone with the same origin. The standard describes a procedure for tonality assessment by means of a flowchart. Tones of the same origin are treated and reported as one tone. However, the standard does not specify the final value of the frequency of the tone. An efficient algorithm has been developed to evaluate the tonality of the noise emitted by wind turbines. Likewise, different alternatives to specify the final frequency of the tone are discussed, based either on their frequency of appearance in the total of the number of measurements or on the tone levels produced by such frequency.
Open Access
Are urban noise pollution levels decreasing?
(Acoustical Society of America, 2010) Arana Burgui, Miguel; Física; Fisika
The majority of acoustic impact studies developed over the last 50 years have used a similar acoustic parameter Leq, Ldn but the noise mapping methodology has been very uneven. The selection of the measurement points, the measurement periods, or the evaluation indices have not followed a unique criterion. Therefore, it is not possible to compare the sound pollution levels between different cities from those studies, at least in a rigorous sense. Even more, different studies carried out in the same city by different researchers during different years and using different methodologies are not conclusive whether the acoustic pollution increases or decreases. The present paper shows results, with statistical significance, about the evolution of the acoustic pollution obtained for two Spanish cities, Pamplona and Madrid. In both cases, it can be concluded that noise pollution decreases over time (P<0.01).
Open Access
Zwicker's annoyance model implementation in a WASN node
(Sociedad Española de Acústica, 2019) Pastor Aparicio, Adolfo; López Ballester, Jesús; Segura García, Jaume; Felici Castell, Santiago; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Ciencias; Zientziak
Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) nodes for noise measurement and acoustic environment description is a common use in the environmental measurement within the Smart City. The implementation of the psycho-acoustic parameters in each WASN node is a tricky problem and currently is the battle horse in the automatic acoustic environment description. In this work, the implementation and the improvement of the algorithms used for each psycho-acoustic parameter is described and the performance of the implementation measured.
Open Access
Comparativa entre legislaciones sobre ruido en puestos de trabajo: estudio de la influencia del punto de medida
(Sociedad Chilena de Acústica, 2024) Arana Burgui, Miguel; San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Eguinoa Cabrito, Rubén; Ciencias; Zientziak; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2
Conocer la legislación que regula los procedimientos que garantizan la protección de los trabajadores contra el ruido en puestos de trabajo es primordial. Otro punto a considerar es realizar una correcta y precisa medición de ruido no solo para una correcta evaluación de la norma sino también para poder aplicar las medidas adecuadas de reducción del ruido. En el presente trabajo, se realiza una breve comparativa entre las legislaciones sobre ruido laboral tanto en América como en Europa. También se lleva a cabo un estudio experimental con la finalidad de cuantificar la influencia que puede tener en los resultados la posición del punto de medida, posición que no queda claramente definida en la mayoría de las legislaciones. Tal estudio se realiza en laboratorio (en cámara semianecoica y con cabeza binaural) con diferentes ruidos industriales y en condiciones bien controladas experimentalmente. Se constata una notable variabilidad de los resultados, especialmente en los niveles de pico.
Open Access
Gaseous fueling of an adapted commercial automotive spark-ignition engine: simplified thermodynamic modeling and experimental study running on hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and their mixtures
(Elsevier, 2023) Urroz Unzueta, José Carlos; Diéguez Elizondo, Pedro; Arzamendi Manterola, Gurutze; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Gandía Pascual, Luis; Ingeniería; Ingeniaritza; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Ciencias; Zientziak; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In the present work, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the binary mixtures 20 % CH4–80 % H2, 80 % CH4–20 % H2, 25 % CO–75 % H2 (by volume) were considered as fuels of a naturally aspirated port-fuel injection four-cylinder Volkswagen 1.4 L spark-ignition (SI) engine. The interest in these fuels lies in the fact that they can be obtained from renewable resources such as the fermentation or gasification of residual biomasses as well as the electrolysis of water with electricity of renewable origin in the case of hydrogen. In addition, they can be used upon relatively easy modifications of the engines, including the retrofitting of existing internal combustion engines. It has been found that the engine gives similar performance regardless the gaseous fuel nature if the air–fuel equivalence ratio (λ) is the same. Maximum brake torque and mean effective pressure values within 45–89 N⋅m and 4.0–8.0 bar, respectively, have been obtained at values of λ between 1 and 2 at full load, engine speed of 2000 rpm and optimum spark-advance. In contrast, the nature of the gaseous fuel had great influence upon the range of λ values at which a fuel (either pure or blend) could be used. Methane and methane-rich mixtures with hydrogen or carbon monoxide allowed operating the engine at close to stoichiometric conditions (i.e. 1 < λ < 1.5) yielding the highest brake torque and mean effective pressure values. On the contrary, hydrogen and hydrogen-rich mixtures with methane or carbon monoxide could be employed only in the very fuel-lean region (i.e. 1.5 < λ < 2). The behavior of carbon monoxide was intermediate between that of methane and hydrogen. The present study extends and complements previous works in which the aforementioned fuels were compared only under stoichiometric conditions in air (λ = 1). In addition, a simple zero-dimensional thermodynamic combustion model has been developed that allows describing qualitatively the trends set by the several fuels. Although the model is useful to understand the influence of the fuels properties on the engine performance, its predictive capability is limited by the simplifications made.
Open Access
Influence of recording technology on the determination of binaural psychoacoustic indicators in soundscape investigations
(Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2019) San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Ezcurra Guisasola, María Amaya; Valencia Leoz, Ana; Ciencias; Zientziak
The evaluation of soundscapes is mainly carried out through field surveys, using soundwalking methodologies. Through rating scales and annotation of comments, the experiences and expectations of the participants are collected. Acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators are also reported to achieve a complete description of the acoustic environment. Binaural measurement systems should be used for registration in order to consider the way in which humans perceive the acoustic environment. Artificial heads or in-ear binaural microphones are the usual devices for this purpose. Further recording technology such as sound field microphones or microphone arrays are also used in soundscape investigations. These methods can provide a higher level of immersion in a later reproduction of the recorded soundscape through multi-channel setups. However, in contrast to direct binaural recordings, the determination of binaural psychoacoustic indicators requires to perform binaural synthesis by means of Head-Related Transfer Functions and signal processing. In this communication, the influence of different recording devices on obtaining psychoacoustic indicators such as binaural loudness and sharpness is analysed.
Open Access
Simulación acústica de un evento singular en un entorno abierto: el Tribunal de las Aguas de la Huerta de Valencia
(Sociedade Portuguesa de Acústica, 2020) Díaz, Elena; Pastor Aparicio, Adolfo; Fraile, Rubén; López Ballester, Jesús; Fayos, Rafael; San Martín Murugarren, Ricardo; Galindo, Miguel; Segura García, Jaume; Cerdá, Salvador; Arana Burgui, Miguel; Cibrián, Rosa; Giménez, Alicia; Ciencias; Zientziak
El Tribunal de las Aguas de la Huerta de Valencia, declarado Patrimonio Cultural Inmaterial de la Humanidad en 2009 por la UNESCO, es la más antigua institución de justicia existente en Europa. Cada jueves, bajo la gótica Puerta de los Apóstoles de la Catedral de Valencia, se juzgan oralmente los pleitos entre los agricultores de las ocho acequias de la huerta valenciana. Dada la importancia de este evento y con el fin último de promocionar y preservar el Patrimonio Cultural Valenciano, el objetivo de este estudio es realizar la simulación acústica del entorno del Tribunal de las Aguas, utilizando para ello las herramientas proporcionadas por la acústica en recintos. A falta de una normativa especifica sobre este tipo de paisaje sonoro, se ha establecido una metodología de actuación basada en la norma UNE-EN ISO 3382-1.