Open Access
Quantum dots coatings inside photonic crystal fibers for temperature sensing
(IEEE, 2008-12-16) Arigita Lasheras, Jesús; Larrión Zabaleta, Beatriz; Bravo Larrea, Javier; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
Temperature sensors based on Quantum Dots (QDs) nanofilms deposited on the inner holes of a Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) was created using the layer by layer electrostatic self-assembly method. The structure is based on a PCF fiber segment spliced between two Standard Multimode Fibers (MMF) of different diameters. The sensors showed a linear variation of the intensity and wavelength emission for a temperature range from -20 ºC to 70 ºC.
Open Access
Planar-waveguide-lmr-based sensors: engineering the depth of characteristic curves
(IEEE, 2023) Shrivastav, Anand M.; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren
Lossy mode resonance (LMR)-based sensors have been proven as one of the exponentially growing research fields since the last decade. These sensors have demonstrated their capabilities in the detection of several physical, chemical, and biological entities, such as refractive index, humidity, gases, enzymes, etc. Conventionally, LMR-based sensors are developed using optical fiber as the sensing platform, but to increase the broad range of applications and better tenability, planar waveguide substrates for LMR realization have been introduced in the last few years. This provides a greater degree of freedom for the sensor design such as tunability in substrate thickness, material, and better surface immobilization. The current study focuses on evaluating the effect of substrate thickness on LMR-based optical sensors to achieve higher sensing performance. For experiments, 150-μm-thick glass coverslips are used as the thin planer substrate, which is then coated with a few nanometers thick LMR-supported SnO 2 layer using the dc sputtering method. Furthermore, to monitor the effect of the changing substrate thickness, the width of the glass coverslip is reduced through the chemical etching process using the 40% HF solution, and simultaneously, the changes in LMR spectra are analyzed. The study shows that the depth of LMR curves strongly depend on the thickness of the waveguide providing LMRs with lower substrate thickness possesses higher depth. Greater depth in LMR curves is a crucial factor in identifying the minimum transmission wavelength of resonance, making it easier to track and detect the targeted parameter. This characteristic greatly enhances the applicability of LMR-based sensors in industrial applications.
Open Access
Thin film coated D-shaped fiber regenerable biosensor
(Optica, 2020) Santano Rivero, Desiree; Ciáurriz Gortari, Paula; Tellechea Malda, Edurne; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
We present a novel covalent functionalization of a D-shape fiber biosensor based on Lossy Mode Resonances. IgG/anti-IgG model is applied to prove the regeneration of the union and thus the re-usability of the sensor.
Open Access
Lossy mode resonance enabling ultra-low detection limit for fibre-optic biosensors (INVITED)
(Springer, 2020) Chiavaioli, Francesco; Giannetti, Ambra; Tombelli, Sara; Trono, Cosimo; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Zubiate Orzanco, Pablo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Baldini, Francesco; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, 72/2015
The combination of optical fibre-based biosensors with nanotechnologies is providing the opportunity for the development of in situ, portable, lightweight, versatile and high-sensitivity optical sensing platforms. We report on the generation of lossy mode resonances (LMRs) by means of the deposition of nm-thick SnO2 film on optical fibres. This allows measuring precisely and accurately the changes in refractive index of the fibre-surrounding medium with very high sensitivity compared to other optical technology platforms, such as long period grating or surface plasmon resonance. This approach, mixed with the use of specialty fiber structures such as Dshaped fibres, allows improving the light-matter interaction in strong way. Different imaging systems, i.e. SEM and TEM along with X-EDS tool, have been used to study the optical features of the fiber coating. The shift of the LMR has been monitored in real-time thanks to conventional wavelength interrogation system and ad hoc developed microfluidics. A big leap in performance has been attained by detecting femtomolar concentrations in human serum. The biosensor reusability has been also tested by using a solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate.
Open Access
Design and on-field validation of an embedded system for monitoring second-life electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries
(MDPI, 2022) Castillo Martínez, Diego Hilario; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Soto Cabria, Adrián; Berrueta Irigoyen, Alberto; Vargas Requena, Dávid Tomás; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Sanchis Gúrpide, Pablo; Ursúa Rubio, Alfredo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In the last few years, the growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation sector has contributed to the increased use of electric rechargeable batteries. At present, lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are the most commonly used in electric vehicles. Although once their storage capacity has dropped to below 80¿70% it is no longer possible to use these batteries in EVs, it is feasible to use them in second-life applications as stationary energy storage systems. The purpose of this study is to present an embedded system that allows a Nissan® LEAF Li-ion battery to communicate with an Ingecon® Sun Storage 1Play inverter, for control and monitoring purposes. The prototype was developed using an Arduino® microcontroller and a graphical user interface (GUI) on LabVIEW®. The experimental tests have allowed us to determine the feasibility of using Li-ion battery packs (BPs) coming from the automotive sector with an inverter with no need for a prior disassembly and rebuilding process. Furthermore, this research presents a programming and hardware methodology for the development of the embedded systems focused on second-life electric vehicle Li-ion batteries. One second-life battery pack coming from a Nissan® Leaf and aged under real driving conditions was integrated into a residential microgrid serving as an energy storage system (ESS).
Open Access
UV light detection with side polished CYTOP fiber
(IEEE, 2023) Ayechu Abendaño, Ada; Santano Rivero, Desiree; López Vargas, Juan David; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Del Villar, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) fiber, used mainly in strain detection and refractive index characterization of liquids, can be polished for the detection of ultraviolet (UV) light radiation. The study investigates the transmission spectra of CYTOP fiber exposed to different intensities of UV light, demonstrating a linear relationship. A simplified system using a single wavelength, i.e., 395 nm, shows real-time performance of the sensor in a range from 1 to 15 mW. The results reveal the potential of CYTOP fiber as a UV sensor with a sensitivity of 0.65%/mW and a limit of detection of 0.3 mW, offering implications for monitoring UV radiation exposure and related health risks. In addition, the effect of the UV light was also observed at longer wavelengths with a lower intensity variation, which suggests that CYTOP fiber could be used for transmitting the UV radiation detection in telecommunications bands.
Open Access
Optical fiber vacuum sensor based on modal interferometer and PDMS coating
(IEEE, 2019) Ascorbe Muruzabal, Joaquín; Fuentes Lorenzo, Omar; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
This work studies the behavior of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a transducer for optical vacuum pressure measurements. The optical structure chosen for this device is a modal interferometer achieved by splicing a coreless multimode optical fiber between two single mode fibers. Then, an etching process is applied to the obtained device, in order to decrease the diameter of the fiber and increase the sensitivity. Finally, the fiber is coated by dip-coating with a layer of PDMS, which changes its volume with pressure changes. The device has been studied in the 1x10(-3) mbar to 10 mbar range with a wavelength shift of 4 nm. A maximum sensitivity of 35 nm/mbar was obtained. The simple fabrication process, which can be applied to more sensitive structures, suggest that PDMS can be a good choice for the development of optical fiber vacuum sensors.
Open Access
Low-cost optical fiber multimode interference biosensor based on a glucose sensitive Glucose-Oxidase enzyme thin-film
(Elsevier, 2024-12-04) Rodríguez Rodríguez, Wenceslao Eduardo; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Adolfo Josué; Juárez-Saldivar, Alfredo; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoa eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritza; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC
In this research we report a contribution for the development of low-cost fiber optical biosensors fabricated by the Single Mode-Multi Mode-Single Mode configuration applied for the glucose monitoring considering clinical concentrations ranges in aqueous analytes. Designed devices are evaluated using health standard detection ranges, such as healthy, pre-diabetic, and diabetic stages operating at the visible spectral region. The sensing regions has been prepared by the etching technique in order to improve the interaction between the evanescent wave with the surrounding medium followed by functionalization of enzyme oxidase glucose via the electrostatic self-assembly using by Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) as an immobilizer matrix. The increase of bilayers number over the sensor surface permits us to demonstrate the enhancement of sensitivity and limit of detection. Experimental results permitted the glucose characterization in the range from 0.3 to 2.4 mg mL-1 obtaining a response time of 9 s and a sensitivity of 1.8 nm/(mg mL-1) allowing to detect hypoglycemia and diabetes stages according to the World Health Organization standards.
Open Access
Fiber-optic biosensor based on lossy mode resonances
(Elsevier, 2012) Socorro Leránoz, Abián Bentor; Corres Sanz, Jesús María; Del Villar, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa, Elektronikoaren eta Telekomunikazio Ingeniaritzaren; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y de Comunicación
Open Access
SnO2 based optical fiber refractometers
(SPIE, 2012) Sánchez Zábal, Pedro; Ruiz Zamarreño, Carlos; Hernáez Sáenz de Zaitigui, Miguel; Del Villar, Ignacio; Matías Maestro, Ignacio; Arregui San Martín, Francisco Javier; Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica; Ingeniaritza Elektrikoa eta Elektronikoa; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
In this work, the fabrication and characterization of refractometers based on lossy mode resonances (LMR) is presented. Tin dioxide (SnO2) films deposited on optical fibers are used as the LMR supporting coatings. These resonances shift to the red as a function of the external refractive index, enabling the fabrication of robust and highly reproducible wavelength-based optical fiber refractometers. The obtained SnO2-based refractometer shows an average sensitivity of 7198 nm/refractive index unit (RIU) in the range 1.333-1.420 RIU.