Reduced autonomic function in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness

Oscoz Ochandorena, Sergio; Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka; García Alonso, Yesenia; García Alonso, Nora; Izquierdo Redín, Mikel; Ramírez Vélez, Robinson

Reduced autonomic function in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness

dc.contributor.author	Oscoz Ochandorena, Sergio
dc.contributor.author	Legarra Gorgoñón, Gaizka
dc.contributor.author	García Alonso, Yesenia
dc.contributor.author	García Alonso, Nora
dc.contributor.author	Izquierdo Redín, Mikel
dc.contributor.author	Ramírez Vélez, Robinson
dc.contributor.department	Ciencias de la Salud	es_ES
dc.contributor.department	Osasun Zientziak	eu
dc.contributor.department	Ciencias humanas y de la educación	es_ES
dc.contributor.department	Giza eta Hezkuntza Zientziak	eu
dc.date.accessioned	2024-10-17T18:14:55Z
dc.date.available	2024-10-17T18:14:55Z
dc.date.issued	2024-09-01
dc.date.updated	2024-10-17T17:55:37Z
dc.description.abstract	Background: Long-COVID-19 syndrome (LCS) exhibits neurological problems such as peripheral neuropathy and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Exercise intolerance and, consequently, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are some of the most common symptoms of LCS. We describe a series of individuals exhibiting LCS symptoms compared to a control group and posit that this condition may be related to the exercise capacity¿mediated disruption of the ANS resulting particularly in exercise intolerance. Methods: This study included 87 individuals with LCS and 71 control participants without COVID-19 diagnoses. Heart rate variability (HRV) in supine position is commonly measured to diagnose autonomic dysregulation and subsequently analyzed using the Kubios software (Kuopio, Finland). CRF (peak VO2), post-COVID-19 patient-reported symptoms, maximal muscle strength (grip strength, bilateral leg press, leg extension, pectoral press, and back press exercises), and body composition were also measured. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and mediation analysis were employed to assess the associations among LCS, peak VO2, and HRV indicators. Two-sided p < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The HRV parameters¿RR interval, RMSSD, SDNN, PNS index, LF, HF, total power, SD1, and SD2¿were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the control group when compared to the LCS patients. In contrast, the HR, stress index, and SNS index parameters were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the LCS group. When adjusted for RR intervals, these parameters remained statistically significant (p < 0.05). A partially mediated effect was found between peak VO2 and RMSSD (mediation effect = 24.4%) as well as peak VO2 and SDNN (mediation effect = 25.1%) in the LCS patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings contribute new insights on the interplay between CRF and HRV indicators as well as endorse that dysautonomia may be related to the low peak VO2 observed in long COVID-19 patients.	en
dc.description.sponsorship	The EXER-COVID study was supported by the “Proyectos de I+D+i” of the Programas Estatales de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento Científico y Tecnológico del Sistema de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, within the framework of the Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020 (PID2020-113098RB-I00). They lack the power or authority to impact the gathering, handling, analysis, and interpretation of data; the composition of the report; and the decision to present the report for publication.
dc.format.mimetype	application/pdf	en
dc.identifier.citation	Oscoz-Ochandorena, S., Legarra-Gorgoñon, G., García-Alonso, Y., García-Alonso, N., Izquierdo, M., Ramírez-Vélez, R. (2024) Reduced autonomic function in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness. Current Problems in Cardiology, 49(9), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102732.
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102732
dc.identifier.issn	0146-2806
dc.identifier.uri	https://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/52318
dc.language.iso	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Current Problems in Cardiology 49(9), 2024, 102732
dc.relation.projectID	info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2017-2020/PID2020-113098RB-I00/ES/
dc.relation.publisherversion	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102732
dc.rights	© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license
dc.rights.accessRights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.uri	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.subject	Autonomic function	en
dc.subject	Long-COVID-19 syndrome	en
dc.subject	Physical condition	en
dc.subject	Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome	en
dc.title	Reduced autonomic function in patients with long-COVID-19 syndrome is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness	en
dc.type	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dspace.entity.type	Publication
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