Attention and processing speed tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States

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dc.contributor.authorCarrión, Carmen I.
dc.contributor.authorRivera, Diego
dc.contributor.authorForte, Anabel
dc.contributor.authorOlabarrieta Landa, Laiene
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Oswaldo
dc.contributor.authorRamos Usuga, Daniela
dc.contributor.authorMorel Valdés, Gloria M.
dc.contributor.authorLópez, Melisa
dc.contributor.authorRodríguez, Miriam J.
dc.contributor.authorLequerica, Anthony H.
dc.contributor.authorDrago, Christin I.
dc.contributor.authorGarcía, Patricia
dc.contributor.authorRivera, Patricia M.
dc.contributor.authorPerrin, Paul B.
dc.contributor.authorArango Lasprilla, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.departmentCiencias de la Saludes_ES
dc.contributor.departmentOsasun Zientziakeu
dc.date.accessioned2025-02-25T11:34:23Z
dc.date.available2025-02-25T11:34:23Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-26
dc.date.updated2025-02-25T11:31:25Z
dc.description.abstractBackground: Hispanics/Latinos are the largest Spanish-speaking subgroup in the U.S. and multiple sociodemographic, cultural, and linguistic factors have been found to impact their performances on cognitive testing. Despite this, few normative data are available for the heterogeneous Spanish-speaking population in the U.S. Objective: to generate normative data on the TMT, Bells Test, SDMT, and the BTA for Spanish speakers residing in the U.S. Methods: the sample included 245 Spanish speaking individuals aged 18-80 from eight states across the U.S. (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin). Participants were administered attention and processing speed measures as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. We used a Bayesian regression approach to estimate normative data, including covariates found to be important for predicting performances on measures of attention and processing speed. Results: sociodemographic factors including education, time in the U.S., acculturation, age, and/or sex had differential effects on the TMT-A, TMT-B, SDMT, and the BTA whereas the Bells Test was not influenced by any of these sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: our findings indicate that while sex, age, and educational attainment are important factors to consider, language and acculturation can also influence attention and processing speed performances among Spanish speakers in the U.S.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was supported in part by grantsawarded to Carmen I. Carrión, Psy.D. from theNational Institute of Health (P30 AG066508) and CTSA (grant number UL1 TR001863) from theNational Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), a component of the National Institutes ofHealth (NIH). This research was funded inpart by a grant awarded to Miriam J. Rodriguez to the NIH/National Institute of Aging (grant number L60AG069322).
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationCarrión, C. I., Rivera, D., Forte, A., Olabarrieta-Landa, L., Moreno, O., Ramos Usuga, D., Morel Valdés, G. M., López, M., Rodríguez, M. J., Lequerica, A. H., Drago, C. I., García P., Rivera, P. M., Perrin, P. B., Arango-Lasprilla, J. C. (2024). Attention and processing speed tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States. NeuroRehabilitation, 55(2), 169-182. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-240086.
dc.identifier.doi10.3233/NRE-240086
dc.identifier.issn1053-8135
dc.identifier.urihttps://academica-e.unavarra.es/handle/2454/53566
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSAGE
dc.relation.ispartofNeuroRehabilitation (2024), vol. 55, núm. 2
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-240086
dc.rights© 2024 - IOS Press. This is an author accepted manuscript and its reuse is restricted to non-commercial and no derivative uses.
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectAcculturationen
dc.subjectAttentionen
dc.subjectCultural diversityen
dc.subjectHispanic or latinoen
dc.subjectNeuropsychological testsen
dc.subjectProcessing speeden
dc.subjectSymbol digit modalities testen
dc.subjectTrail making testen
dc.titleAttention and processing speed tests: normative data for Spanish-speaking adults in the United Statesen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc4afffcd-789f-49bd-984d-0604e901154b
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf893b2b6-98c4-4fcc-b6e2-b80494f50a9c
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc4afffcd-789f-49bd-984d-0604e901154b

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