Artículos de revista DPA - NES Aldizkari artikuluak

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Open Access
Calidad de la canal y de la carne caballar de raza Burguete
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2001) Sarriés Martínez, María Victoria; Larrea Reta, Izaskun; Induráin Báñez, Gregorio; Goñi Turumbay, Virginia; Eguinoa Ancho, Paola; Gorraiz, C.; Martín, M.; Alzueta Aldunate, María Jesús; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Pérez de Muniáin, A.; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
La raza caballar Burguete es una raza autóctona de Navarra que en el pasado disfrutó de gran prestigio como animal de trabajo en la Comunidad Foral y zonas limítrofes. Hoy en día por su clara aptitud cárnica es importante mantener dicho patrimonio genético y mejorar los productos obtenidos para la promoción de esta raza estableciendo criterios de tipificación (Pérez de Muniáin et al, 2000). Se trata de un producto poco conocido en el mercado de la carne, aunque en la actualidad está despertando interés debido a sus reconocidas cualidades nutritivas (producto natural y sano) como consecuencia del bajo contenido en grasa. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido la caracterización de la canal y de la carne caballar de raza Burguete.
Open Access
Evolución del toro de lidia: el toro actual
(Sociedad cultural Peña Pregón, 2020) Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Trabajo en el que se hace un recorrido por la evolución del toro de lidia desde su aparción, hace tres o cuatro siglos, hasta llegar al toro moderno. El autor trata también como ha evolucionado la tauromaquia
Open Access
The influence of the accessory genome on bacterial pathogen evolution
(2011) Jackson, Robert W.; Vinatzer, Boris; Arnold, Dawn L.; Dorus, Steve; Murillo Martínez, Jesús; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Bacterial pathogens exhibit significant variation in their genomic content of virulence factors. This reflects the abundance of strategies pathogens evolved to infect host organisms by suppressing host immunity. Molecular arms-races have been a strong driving force for the evolution of pathogenicity, with pathogens often encoding overlapping or redundant functions, such as type III protein secretion effectors and hosts encoding ever more sophisticated immune systems. The pathogens’ frequent exposure to other microbes, either in their host or in the environment, provides opportunities for the acquisition or interchange of mobile genetic elements. These DNA elements accessorize the core genome and can play major roles in shaping genome structure and altering the complement of virulence factors. Here, we review the different mobile genetic elements focusing on the more recent discoveries and highlighting their role in shaping bacterial pathogen evolution.
Open Access
Mipob: un programa de simulación para el aprendizaje en mejora genética animal
(Universidad de Córdoba, 2014) Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Se ha desarrollado un programa de simulación de apoyo a la docencia de los cursos introductorios a la Mejora genética animal. El programa surgió ante la ausencia de este tipo de herramientas docentes orientadas a estudiantes de primeros cursos de grado universitario, especialmente en lengua española. El programa simula una población animal cerrada de censo reducido en la que los estudiantes deben de ir tomando las decisiones de elección de futuros reproductores y cómo aparearlos. De esta forma se facilita la introducción de los conceptos básicos sobre selección y evaluación genética, y conservación y genética de poblaciones. El programa considera el caso particular del vacuno de carne y se pueden realizar hasta un total de diez generaciones de selección. Tras haber sido probado durante dos cursos consecutivos en enseñanza reglada universitaria, está disponible de forma gratuita para su libre utilización y distribución.
Open Access
Integration of a communal henhouse and community composter to increase motivation in recycling programs: overview of a three-year pilot experience in Noáin (Spain)
(MDPI, 2018) Storino, Francesco; Plana, Ramón; Aparicio Tejo, Pedro María; Muro Erreguerena, Julio; Irigoyen Iriarte, Ignacio; Ciencias del Medio Natural; Natura Ingurunearen Zientziak; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
This paper presents a three-year pilot experience of a new municipal waste management system developed in Navarre, Spain that integrates composting and hens. The aim of this new system is to motivate the general public to participate more in waste prevention programs. The Composter-Henhouse (CH) is a compact facility comprised of a henhouse and three composters. This is shared by 30 families who provide the organic part of their kitchen waste to feed the hens. Hens help speed up the composting process by depositing their droppings and turning the organic residue into compost. This study assesses the CH in terms of treatment capacity, the technical adequacy of the composting process, the quality and safety of the compost obtained and some social aspects. Over three years, the CH has managed nearly 16.5 tons of organic waste and produced approximately 5600 kg of compost and more than 6000 high-quality fresh eggs. No problems or nuisances have been reported and the level of animal welfare has been very high. The follow up of the composting process (temperature, volume reduction and compost maturity) and a physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the compost have ensured the proper management of the process. The level of involvement and user satisfaction has been outstanding and the project has presented clear social benefits.
Open Access
Genetic diversity of Spanish Prunus domestica L. germplasm reveals a complex genetic structure underlying
(Public Library of Science, 2018) Urrestarazu Vidart, Jorge; Errea, Pilar; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Pina, Ana; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
European plum (Prunus domestica L.) is an ancient domesticated species cultivated in temperate areas worldwide whose genetic structure has been scarcely analyzed to date. In this study, a broad representation of Spanish European plum germplasm collected in Northeastern Spain and a representative set of reference cultivars were compared using nuclear and chloroplast markers. The number of alleles per locus detected with the SSR markers ranged from 8 to 39, with an average of 23.4 alleles, and 8 haplotypes were identified. Bayesian model-based clustering, minimum spanning networks, and the analysis of molecular variance showed the existence of a hierarchical structure. At the first level, two genetic groups were found, one containing 'Reine Claude' type reference cultivars altogether with ca. 25% of local genotypes, and a second one much more diverse. This latter group split in two groups, one containing most (ca. 70%) local genotypes and some old Spanish and French reference cultivars, whereas the other included 24 reference cultivars and only six local genotypes. A third partition level allowed a significant finer delineation into five groups. As a whole, the genetic structure of European plum from Northeastern Spain was shown to be complex and conditioned by a geographical proximity factor. This study not only contributes to genetic conservation and breeding for this species at the national level, but also supports the relevance of undertaking similar tasks of collection and characterization in other unexplored areas. Moreover, this kind of research could lead to future coordinated actions for the examination of the whole European plum diversity, to define conservation strategies, and could be used to better understand the genetic control of traits of horticultural interest through association mapping.
Open Access
Impacto de la experiencia sensorial y la información sobre las preferencias de los consumidores por la carne de vacuno enriquecida en omega‑3 y ácido linoleico conjugado en tres ciudades españolas
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2017) Baba, Y.; Realini, Carolina; Kallas, Z.; Pérez-Juan, M.; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la información sobre el efecto en la salud del enriquecimiento de la carne con ácidos grasos omega‑3 (n‑3) y el ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA) y la experiencia sensorial sobre la importancia relativa de los atributos de la carne de vacuno (dieta animal, nivel de engrasamiento, precio, origen y color) en Barcelona, Zaragoza y Pamplona (n=647 consumidores). Se utilizó un experimento de elección que se analizó con el modelo Multinomial Generalizado y que fue aplicado antes y después de que los consumidores evaluaran la aceptabilidad de la carne enriquecida. Los atributos más importantes antes de recibir información y experiencia sensorial, fueron el nivel de engrasamiento y el precio. Además, el color fue relevante en Barcelona y Pamplona y el origen en Zaragoza y Pamplona. Después de recibir información y experiencia sensorial, el precio y la dieta animal fueron los factores más importantes. Los precios más bajos fueron elegidos en Zaragoza y los medio‑bajos en Pamplona y Barcelona, mientras que la carne enriquecida con n-3 fue elegida frente a la enriquecida con CLA o convencional. Los consumidores de Pamplona fueron los menos influenciados por la información, pero los más influenciados por la experiencia sensorial. Los resultados obtenidos permitirían desarrollar diferentes estrategias locales de comercialización para una carne enriquecida con n-3 basadas en la explotación de distintos atributos.
Open Access
Relevance of sink-size estimation for within-field zone delineation in vineyards
(Springer, 2017) Urretavizcaya Sanz, Inés; Royo Díaz, José Bernardo; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Tisseyre, B.; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, IIM11879.RI.1
Source to sink size ratio, i.e.: the relative abundance of photosynthetically active organs (leaves) with regards to photosynthate demanding organs (mainly bunches), is widely known to be one of the main drivers of grape oenological quality. However, due to the difficulty of remote sink size estimation, Precision Viticulture (PV) has been mainly based on within-field zone delineation using vegetation indices. This approach has given only moderately satisfactory results for discriminating zones with differential quality. The aim of this work was to investigate an approach to delineate within-vineyard quality zones that includes an estimator of sink size in the data-set. The study was carried out during two consecutive seasons on a 4.2 ha gobelet-trained cv. 'Tempranillo' vineyard. Zone delineation was performed using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and bunch number (BN) data. These variables were considered separately, in pairs, or the three altogether, using fuzzy k-means cluster analysis for combinations. The zones delineated based on single variables did not allow a sufficient discrimination for grape composition at harvest, NDVI being the only variable that by itself resulted in zones that to some extent differed in grape composition. On the contrary, when two variables were combined, discrimination in terms of grape composition improved remarkably, provided the sink size estimation variable (BN) was included in the combination. Lastly, the combination of the three variables yielded the best discriminating zoning, improving slightly on those provided by NDVI + BN and ECa + BN combinations. Thus, the relevance of including a variable related to sink size (in this case the number of bunches per plant) has been confirmed, which makes its consideration highly advisable for any PV work aiming at zone delineation for grape quality purposes.
Open Access
Caracterización de la distribución del tamaño de los adipocitos para el estudio del tejido adiposo en producción animal
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2016) Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
El tamaño de los adipocitos, principales células constituyentes del tejido adiposo, ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios por el hecho de estar relacionado con el grado de desarrollo y la actividad metabólica de ese tejido. Su análisis resulta en ocasiones complejo dada la bimodalidad de su distribución. Este trabajo presenta un método de análisis basado en contrastar, en primer lugar la unimodalidad de la distribución del tamaño de los adipocitos, frente a una distribución bimodal. Posteriormente propone algunos parámetros para describir adecuadamente la distribución bimodal. Para su aplicación se desarrolló un sencillo programa informático que se utiliza, a modo de ejemplo, para analizar los datos de dos trabajos, previamente publicados, sobre el desarrollo adipocitario. Los resultados muestran el interés de utilizar contrastes de bimodalidad frente a la mera inspección visual de los histogramas de distribución. Además, cuando la hipótesis de unimodalidad es rechazada, la utilización de parámetros descriptivos de bimodalidad, como el porcentaje de adipocitos por encima del punto de inflexión entre ambas modas, permite una comparación más adecuada entre tratamientos experimentales.
Open Access
Draft genome sequence of Photorhabdus luminescens strain DSPV002N isolated from Santa Fe, Argentina
(American Society for Microbiology, 2016) Palma Dovis, Leopoldo; Valle, Eleodoro E. del; Frizzo, Laureano; Berry, Colin; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Producción Agraria; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako Institutua
Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Photorhabdus luminescens strain DSPV002N, which consists of 177 contig sequences accounting for 5,518,143 bp, with a G+C content of 42.3% and 4,701 predicted protein-coding genes (CDSs). From these, 27 CDSs exhibited significant similarity with insecticidal toxin proteins from Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii TT01.
Open Access
Comparative and transcriptional analysis of the predicted secretome in the lignocellulose-degrading basidiomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus
(Wiley, 2016) Alfaro Sánchez, Manuel; Castanera Andrés, Raúl; Lavín Trueba, José Luis; Oguiza Tomé, José Antonio; Ramírez Nasto, Lucía; Pisabarro de Lucas, Gerardo; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
Fungi interact with their environment by secreting proteins to obtain nutrients, elicit responses and modify their surroundings. Because the set of proteins secreted by a fungus is related to its lifestyle, it should be possible to use it as a tool to predict fungal lifestyle. To test this hypothesis, we bioinformatically identified 538 and 554 secretable proteins in the monokaryotic strains PC9 and PC15 of the white rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus. Functional annotation revealed unknown functions (37.2%), glycosyl hydrolases (26.5%) and redox enzymes (11.5%) as the main groups in the two strains. When these results were combined with RNA‐seq analyses, we found that the relative importance of each group was different in different strains and culture conditions and the relevance of the unknown function proteins was enhanced. Only a few genes were actively expressed in a given culture condition in expanded multigene families, suggesting that family expansi on could increase adaptive opportunities rather than activity under a specific culture condition. Finally, we used the set of P. ostreatus secreted proteins as a query to search their counterparts in other fungal genomes and found that the secretome profiles cluster the tested basidiomycetes into lifestyle rather than phylogenetic groups.
Open Access
Expansion of signal transduction pathways in fungi by extensive genome duplication
(CellPress, 2016) Corrochano, Luis M.; Kuo, Alan; Marcet Houben, Marina; Oguiza Tomé, José Antonio; Pisabarro de Lucas, Gerardo; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Plants and fungi use light and other signals to regulate development, growth, and metabolism. The fruiting bodies of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus are single cells that react to environmental cues, including light, but the mechanisms are largely unknown [1]. The related fungus Mucor circinelloides is an opportunistic human pathogen that changes its mode of growth upon receipt of signals from the environment to facilitate pathogenesis [2]. Understanding how these organisms respond to environmental cues should provide insights into the mechanisms of sensory perception and signal transduction by a single eukaryotic cell, and their role in pathogenesis. We sequenced the genomes of P. blakesleeanus and M. circinelloides and show that they have been shaped by an extensive genome duplication or, most likely, a whole-genome duplication (WGD), which is rarely observed in fungi [3, 4, 5, 6]. We show that the genome duplication has expanded gene families, including those involved in signal transduction, and that duplicated genes have specialized, as evidenced by differences in their regulation by light. The transcriptional response to light varies with the developmental stage and is still observed in a photoreceptor mutant of P. blakesleeanus. A phototropic mutant of P. blakesleeanus with a heterozygous mutation in the photoreceptor gene madA demonstrates that photosensor dosage is important for the magnitude of signal transduction. We conclude that the genome duplication provided the means to improve signal transduction for enhanced perception of environmental signals. Our results will help to understand the role of genome dynamics in the evolution of sensory perception in eukaryotes.
Open Access
Draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi strain Na205-3, an isolate toxic for Helicoverpa armigera
(American Society for Microbiology, 2014) Palma Dovis, Leopoldo; Muñoz Labiano, Delia; Murillo Martínez, Jesús; Caballero Murillo, Primitivo; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Producción Agraria; IdAB. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología / Agrobioteknologiako Institutua
We report here the complete annotated 6,510,053-bp draft genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi strain Na205-3, which is toxic for Helicoverpa armigera. This strain potentially contains nine insecticidal toxin genes homologous to cry1Aa12, cry1Ab1, cry1Ab8, cry1Ba1, cry1Af1, cry1Ia10, vip1Bb1, vip2Ba2, and vip3Aa6.
Open Access
Ligninolytic peroxidase gene expression by Pleurotus ostreatus: differential regulation in lignocellulose medium and effect of temperature and pH
(Elsevier, 2014) Fernández Fueyo, Elena; Castanera Andrés, Raúl; Ruiz Dueñas, Francisco J.; Ramírez Nasto, Lucía; Pisabarro de Lucas, Gerardo; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Pleurotus ostreatus is an important edible mushroom and a model lignin degrading organism, whose genome contains nine genes of ligninolytic peroxidases, characteristic of white-rot fungi. These genes encode six manganese peroxidase (MnP) and three versatile peroxidase (VP) isoenzymes. Using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, secretion of four of these peroxidase isoenzymes (VP1, VP2, MnP2 and MnP6) was confirmed when P. ostreatus grows in a lignocellulose medium at 25 C (three more isoenzymes were identified by only one unique peptide). Then, the effect of environmental parameters on the expression of the above nine genes was studied by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR by changing the incubation temperature and medium pH of P. ostreatus cultures pre-grown under the above conditions (using specific primers and two reference genes for result normalization). The cultures maintained at 25 C (without pH adjustment) provided the highest levels of peroxidase transcripts and the highest total activity on Mn2+ (a substrate of both MnP and VP) and Reactive Black 5 (a VP specific substrate). The global analysis of the expression patterns divides peroxidase genes into three main groups according to the level of expression at optimal conditions (vp1/mnp3 > vp2/vp3/mnp1/mnp2/mnp6 > mnp4/mnp5). Decreasing or increasing the incubation temperature (to 10 C or 37 C) and adjusting the culture pH to acidic or alkaline conditions (pH 3 and 8) generally led to downregulation of most of the peroxidase genes (and decrease of the enzymatic activity), as shown when the transcription levels were referred to those found in the cultures maintained at the initial conditions. Temperature modification produced less dramatic effects than pH modification, with most genes being downregulated during the whole 10 C treatment, while many of them were alternatively upregulated (often 6 h after the thermal shock) and downregulated (12 h) at 37 C. Interestingly, mnp4 and mnp5 were the only peroxidase genes upregulated under alkaline pH conditions. The differences in the transcription levels of the peroxidase genes when the culture temperature and pH parameters were changed suggest an adaptive expression according to environmental conditions. Finally, the intracellular proteome was analyzed, under the same conditions used in the secretomic analysis, and the protein product of the highly-transcribed gene mnp3 was detected. Therefore, it was concluded that the absence of MnP3 from the secretome of the P. ostreatus lignocellulose cultures was related to impaired secretion.
Open Access
Oenological significance of vineyard management zones delineated using early grape sampling
(Springer, 2014) Urretavizcaya Sanz, Inés; Santesteban García, Gonzaga; Tisseyre, B.; Guillaume, S.; Miranda Jiménez, Carlos; Royo Díaz, José Bernardo; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua, IIM11879.RI.1
Early definition of oenologically significant zones within a vineyard is one of the main goals of precision viticulture, as it would allow an increase in profitability through the adaptation of agronomic practices to the specific requirements of each zone, and/or segregation of the harvest into different batches to produce wines with different qualities. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether early grape sampling is a relevant tool for within-vineyard zone definition. The study was carried out in 2010 and 2011 in a 4.2 ha vineyard, where a grid of 60 sampling points was defined. 300-berry samples were picked from each sampling point after veraison and at harvest, post-veraison information being used to define zones within the vineyard after fuzzy k-means analysis and subsequent application of a zoning procedure that took into account membership degree and neighbourhood criteria. Two variations of the zoning procedure were used, standard (StdZ) and top (TopZ) zoning. Each was designed to meet different requirements of wineries; StdZ gave the same oenological relevance to all the zones, and TopZ differentiated the zones producing 'top class' grapes, minimizing the within-zone variability in the top-class zone. Grape composition obtained at harvest from the zones delineated post-veraison was compared. Zone delineation using post-veraison data was proved to be oenologically relevant, provided sampling is performed once veraison is completed. The two zoning algorithms designed were shown to be suitable for objective zone delineation according to the goals intended for each.
Open Access
Leposoila oilarra
(Gobierno Vasco, 1989) Amenábar Arzuaga, María Eugenia; García Sanz, Alberto; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Eusko-oiloa oilo arrazaren barruan, leposoila moetatakoa bere ingurukoekin parekatzen badugu desberdintzapen morfologiko nabari bat azaltzen du, eta ez dago lumaiaren kolorazioan oinarritua, lepo inguruan lumarik ez izatean baizik. Lumarik ez izatea Na (Nacked-Neck) deritzaion genak erregulatzen du. Artikulu honetan oiloen artean gurutzaketa ezberdinetatik lortu diren datoek azaldu nahi ditugu.
Open Access
Aportación veterinaria en los inicios de la avicultura española
(Consejo General de Veterinarios de España, 2015) Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
El autor pretende mostrar la aportación de eminentes veterinarios en el desarrollo de la avicultura española, desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta la Guerra Civil de 1936.
Open Access
Producción y nutrición de corderos (I)
(Eumedia, 2008) Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
La nutrición y la alimentación de los corderos va a estar condicionada por factores que arrancan desde el periodo de gestación e incluyen la lactancia, el destete y el cebo.
Open Access
Pollos y huevos de caserío
(Gobierno Vasco, 1988) Bengoechea Nerecan, María; García Sanz, Alberto; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
Durante el periodo 1985-88 el principal trabajo de la Unidad de Investigación Agraria de Fraisoro (Zizurkil, Guipúzcoa) ha tenido a la raza Eusko Oiloa como principal protagonista. El objetivo es alcanzar unas producciones de calidad en lo que a pollos y huevos se refiere. Hasta el momento han concluido con éxito dos trabajos importantes: la creación de un banco de datos y una pequeña selección de animales. Fraisoro inicia ahora un plan de mejora a gran escala que tiene como objetivos la producción de pollos y de huevos de caserío, sin tratar de establecer competencia a nivel industrial.
Open Access
Conformación y engrasamiento de terneros de raza Retinta y cruzados RetintaxPirenaica y RetintaxLimusín
(Asociación Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario, 2005) Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alzón, M.; Arana Navarro, Ana; Albertí, P.; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Purroy Unanua, Antonio; Producción Agraria; Nekazaritza Ekoizpena
En el presente trabajo se comparan terneros de raza Retinta en pureza y cruzados con dos razas de aptitud cárnica más mejoradas, la Limusín y la Pirenaica, con la finalidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de los parámetros de conformación y engrasamiento que muestran estos genotipos cruzados.