Impact of 24-week supervised concurrent exercise on S-Klotho and vitamin D levels: a randomized controlled trial

This study aimed to investigate the effects 24 weeks of supervised exercise training at different intensities on S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels in young adults. This report was based on a secondary analysis from the ACTIBATE single-center unblinded randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02365129). A total of 144 young adults (~34% men and ~66% women) aged between 18 and 25 years took part in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to 3 different groups: (i) concurrent exercise training program based on the international physical activity recommendations at vigorous intensity (Ex-Vigorous group), (ii) at moderate intensity (Ex-Moderate group), and (iii) control group (no exercise). S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels were determined before and after the 24-week intervention programme. A significant decrease of 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels were identified across time in all groups (p < 0.001), whereas no significant differences across time were observed in S-Klotho plasma levels (p = 0.497). There was no time x group interaction neither in S-Klotho nor in 25-hydroxyvitamin D plasma levels (all p > 0.7). In summary, our results showed that 24 weeks of supervised concurrent exercise training does not induce significant changes on S-Klotho and 25-hydroxyvitamin D independently of the exercise intensity in young adults.