Artículos de revista INARBE - INARBE aldizkari artikuluak

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Open Access
El daño en las acciones de Wrongful Birth y Wrongful Life
(Asociación Juristas de la Salud, 2010) Elizari Urtasun, Leyre; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Los avances científicos permiten hoy a los profesionales sanitarios descubrir la presencia de ciertas anomalías o deficiencias en un feto antes de que éste nazca. Además de estos diagnósticos prenatales, es posible realizar diagnósticos preimplantatorios, esto es, descubrir algunas posibles enfermedades hereditarias de las que será portador el embrión antes de ser implantado. Estas técnicas constituyen importantes avances, pero, con el desarrollo de las mismas, han ido surgiendo reclamaciones de responsabilidad civil efectuadas por los padres ante el nacimiento de hijos con anomalías que pudieron ser detectadas durante el embarazo y, sin embargo, por diversas circunstancias, no lo fueron. Son un tipo de acciones que se conocen en su terminología norteamericana, de donde proceden, como ¿wrongful birth¿ y ¿wrongful life¿. Es el caso, muy frecuente en la jurisprudencia española que ha resuelto este tipo de reclamaciones, del nacimiento de un niño con Síndrome de Down. En general, podemos decir que la doctrina española y la jurisprudencia admiten las acciones de wrongful birth, sobre las que el Tribunal Supremo se ha pronunciado favorablemente ya en un número considerable de Sentencias, y se rechazan las acciones de wrongful life, es decir, las entabladas por el propio hijo discapacitado, por las objeciones que plantea reclamar una indemnización por su propia existencia. No obstante, estas acciones siguen planteando problemas, fundamentalmente en relación con la determinación el daño y la relación de causalidad. En este trabajo nos vamos a centrar en el elemento del daño.
Open Access
The new Spanish reporting obligation for assets located abroad and its compatibility with EU law
(International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation, 2014) López López, Hugo; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
In this article the author analyses the new reporting obligation contained in Law 7/2012 of 29 October regarding assets and rights located abroad. In particular, the compatibility of the reporting obligation with EU law is examined. The author concludes that the provision, as currently worded, is not proportionate and is, therefore, in conflict with the free movement of capital granted by EU law.
Open Access
La extinción de las cuotas lácteas en la Unión Europea y el futuro del ganadero español en el mercado mundial de alimentos
(Asociación Española de Profesores de Derecho internacional y Relaciones internacionales, 2015) Santaolalla Montoya, Cayetana; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El trabajo aborda la implantación del sistema de las cuotas lácteas en Europa y en España y el alcance de su extinción para los ganadores. Para ello, se presentan los rasgos más característicos del mercado mundial de lácteos y la incidencia que ha tenido la Política Agraria Común (PAC), y sus continuas reformas, en el sector. Se exponen las posturas de las diferentes instituciones comunitarias y se detallan los desafíos y oportunidades que presenta el sector tras el final de las cuotas lácteas el pasado 31 marzo de 2015. Finaliza con una batería de propuestas y conclusiones.
Open Access
Did democracy bring redistribution? Insights from the Spanish tax system, 1960-90
(Oxford University Press, 2015) Torregrosa Hetland, Sara; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
The relationship between democracy, inequality, and redistribution has inspired extensive research, but consensus is still elusive. In order to contribute to this discussion, the author analyzes the Spanish case, where transition to democracy was accompanied by a comprehensive tax reform, aiming at increasing progressivity and revenue. But how effectively did it change the distribution of the tax burden? Was there a “fiscal revolution”? The results show that persistent regressivity (albeit decreasing) exacerbated income inequality, failing to attain convergence with more developed countries. The joint effect of the fiscal system, however, was slightly positive due to progressive social spending.
Open Access
La eficiencia energética, el efecto rebote y el crecimiento económico
(Funcas, 2016) Gómez Gómez-Plana, Antonio; Arocena Garro, Pablo; Peña Vidondo, Sofía; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
El trabajo revisa la relación entre la mejora de la eficiencia energética y el efecto rebote, así como el impacto que cabe anticipar sobre el consumo de energía y el crecimiento en la economía española.
Open Access
Sticky income inequality in the Spanish transition (1973-1990)
(Cambridge University Press, 2016) Torregrosa Hetland, Sara; Economía; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Este artículo analiza la evolución de la desigualdad de rentas en España durante la transición a la democracia, proponiendo un método para corregir la infra-declaración de ingresos en las Encuestas de Presupuestos Familiares. La contribución es doble: la metodología, basada en la discrepancia entre rentas y gastos y en el ajuste a Contabilidad Nacional, puede ser de utilidad para fuentes históricas similares en otros países. En segundo lugar, su aplicación resulta en una interpretación alternativa en este caso, al cambiar los niveles de desigualdad y también la tendencia observada. Si la literatura anterior había tratado de una sustancial mejora en la distribución, vinculada a la democracia, tras el ajuste efectuado la desigualdad en la renta disponible se muestra bastante persistente.
Open Access
The Smartphoners: consumer segmentation by smartphone usage
(Italian Marketing Association, 2016) De Canio, Francesca; Pellegrini, Davide; Aramendia Muneta, María Elena; Gestión de Empresas; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Smartphone usage is becoming an integral part of consumer' lifestyle. Over 50% of the worldwide population own at least one smartphone and the adoption of mobile technologies have reshaped the boundaries between online and offline. This study aims to segment consumers by means of activities they perform on personal mobile phones. By analysing 264 online questionnaires and using ten smartphones¿ functionalities, we identify five main Smartphoners' profiles: Utility Users, Gamers, Unfriendly Users, Moderator Users and Supersmartphoners. Differences between smartphone users in terms of age, gender and area of residence, as well as brand of the smartphone owned, hours of usage and reasons to use have been investigated. Managerial and academic implications have been discussed.
Open Access
La Ley 12/2013 de la cadena alimentaria, ¿réplica o complemento de la Ley de defensa de la competencia?
(Universidad de La Rioja, 2016) Santaolalla Montoya, Cayetana; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
La Ley 12/2013 de medidas para mejorar el funcionamiento de la cadena alimentaria entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 2014. Su objetivo era proteger al sector primario como escalón más débil dentro de la cadena alimentaria y darle más fuerza en las negociaciones con los compradores y los mayoristas. Su aprobación y el funcionamiento a través de los inspectores de la Agencia de Información y Control Alimentario (AICA) cuestiona la labor que no ha realizado la legislación de defensa de la competencia con el sector agroalimentario. Este artículo muestra el origen, la evolución y las razones que han sido necesarias para que se aprobara esta ley especial. Y aclara el interrogante de si la Ley 12/2013 complementa a la actual legislación de defensa de la competencia o si representa una duplicidad de esfuerzos económicos, materiales y humanos.
Open Access
Freshwater for cooling needs: a long-run approach to the nuclear water footprint in Spain
(Elsevier, 2017) Sesma Martín, Diego; Rubio Varas, María del Mar; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
From the invention of the steam engine to the present, water has represented a significant input to the energy system, although this has been mostly ignored in the literature. In Spain, the most arid country in Europe, studies about water footprint typically just consider domestic, agricultural and industrial water uses, but water requirements for the electricity sector are omitted despite our dependence on thermal power. It has been demonstrated that for each available cooling technology, nuclear needs and consumption of water tend to be larger per MWh generated. We calculate a first approximation to the Spanish nuclear water footprint from 1969 to 2015. Our results show that while water consumed by Spanish nuclear power plants are around 3 m3 per capita/year, water withdrawals per capita/year are around 70 m3. Moreover, our analysis allows extracting conclusions focusing on a River Basins approach. What is the water impact of our nuclear power plants? Will water limit our energy future? These are some of the issues at stake.
Open Access
What drives firm profitability? A multilevel approach to the Spanish agri-food sector
(Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 2017) Zouaghi, Ferdaous; Sánchez García, Mercedes; Hirsch, Stefan; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
Strategic management research has demonstrated the importance of firm- and industry structure as drivers of firm profitability. However, less is known about how firms´ geographical locations affect profitability. Applying a multi-level approach of hierarchical linear modeling we estimated firm-, industry-, and region-specific effects on profitability of 3,273 agri-food firms operating in different Spanish districts over the time span 2006-2013. The results reveal the dominance of firm-specific effects which contribute up to 48.8% to variance in firm profitability while the contribution of industry effects (0.8-4.2%), geographical location (0.1-1.8%), and year effects (0.1-2.5%) is rather small. Moreover, firm size, risk, and innovative activity turn out as significant profit drivers at the firm level. Although firm-effects outweigh industry- and region-specific factors, the results indicate that industry concentration as well as regional education and unemployment influence profitability. In addition, proximity to technological institutes as well as the degree of urbanization of the region in which a firm operates can be drivers of profitability. Hence, despite the superiority of firm effects the results indicate that agri-food managers should also consider possible advantages from location-based resources in order to ensure competitiveness.
Open Access
Can agents sensitive to cultural, organizational and environmental issues avoid herding?
(Elsevier, 2017) Blasco de las Heras, Natividad; Corredor Casado, María Pilar; Ferreruela Garcés, Sandra; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
Our findings indicate that herding behavior is affected not only by the cultural variables already discussed in the literature but also by other variables associated with organizational and environmental issues such as governance, technology, education and training, business style and conditions, and the development of equity and non-equity markets. Some of these act as catalysts, for example governance and technology. Others may have a corrective effect, such as the development of financial markets, business style, and education and training. If corrective factors are sufficiently developed, intentional herding practices could be reduced in the future.
Embargo
Binary relations coming from solutions of functional equations: orderings and fuzzy subsets
(World Scientific Publishing Company, 2017) Campión Arrastia, María Jesús; Miguel Turullols, Laura de; García Catalán, Olga Raquel; Induráin Eraso, Esteban; Abrísqueta Usaola, Francisco Javier; Automatika eta Konputazioa; Matematika; Institute of Smart Cities - ISC; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Automática y Computación; Matemáticas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We analyze the main properties of binary relations, defined on a nonempty set, that arise in a natural way when dealing with real-valued functions that satisfy certain classical functional equations on two variables. We also consider the converse setting, namely, given binary relations that accomplish some typical properties, we study whether or not they come from solutions of some functional equation. Applications to the numerical representability theory of ordered structures are also furnished as a by-product. Further interpretations of this approach as well as possible generalizations to the fuzzy setting are also commented. In particular, we discuss how the values taken for bivariate functions that are bounded solutions of some classical functional equations define, in a natural way, fuzzy binary relations on a set.
Open Access
Bad company. The indirect effect of differences in corporate governance in the pension plan industry
(Elsevier, 2017) Abinzano Guillén, María Isabel; Muga Caperos, Luis Fernando; Santamaría Aquilué, Rafael; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This paper analyses the role played by pension plan governance structure and how it impacts on plan fees and plan performance. The results clearly show that fees decrease significantly and performance improves when pension plan governance structures permit full alignment of interests and allow greater capacity for the decision-makers to monitor and discipline the managers. It is also observed that companies managing both employee and individual funds, tend to exploit differences in the internal corporate governance mechanisms of each type of plan in order to nurture employer-sponsored plans at the expense of individual plans. These results suggest that internal corporate governance mechanisms allowing closer alignment with the interests of participants would be preferable to focusing exclusively on setting the minimum proportion of independent directors.
Open Access
Hidden power of trading activity: the FLB in tennis betting exchanges
(SAGE Publications, 2017) Abinzano Guillén, María Isabel; Muga Caperos, Luis Fernando; Santamaría Aquilué, Rafael; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
This paper examines the impact of trading activity on the Favourite-Longshot Bias (FLB) in tennis Betting Exchanges, using direct measures such as betting volume, average bet and standard deviation of the odds. According to predictions based on Disagreement Models, odds mispricing is positively associated with trading volume but negatively associated with the presence of institutional bettors. The FLB is also positively related to the degree of uncertainty in the market. The existence of two simultaneous markets (a “main” and an “alternative” market) in this specific sports-betting environment has enabled us to observe that the relative amount of attention given to the favourite versus that given to the long shot is positively associated with the FLB. Finally, information is more rapidly incorporated into the odds in the market that receives more attention from bettors, an effect that is intensified by the arbitrage and hedging that occurs between the two markets.
Open Access
Open innovation in the food and beverage industry
(Emerald, 2017) Bayona Sáez, Cristina; Cruz Cázares, Claudio; García Marco, María Teresa; Sánchez García, Mercedes; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the knowledge into the relationship between open innovation (OI) and firm’s innovative performance. Specifically, the authors aim to determine whether the benefits of OI practices are different for Food and Beverage (FnB) firms as compared to those of other sectors. The FnB industry is relevant in terms of employment GDP generation in the UE, characterised by high integration and low-tech intensity. Design/methodology/approach – In order to achieve the goal and obtain robust results, the authors consider four OI dimensions and four innovation performance measures using panel data (2004-2011) from 10,771 FnB and non-FnB firms using Tobit and Logit models by random effects. Findings – The authors test and confirm the presence of the classical inverted U-shape relationship between OI and firm innovative performance for FnB and non-FnB companies. However, the optimal number of external sources of knowledge used is lesser for FnB than the rest of the companies. Originality/value – The paper compares the OI effects in a traditional and low-tech industry vs other industries considering four innovation outputs (product innovations, process innovations, incremental innovation and radical innovation).
Open Access
El tratamiento convencional de la discapacidad, enfermedad y extinción de contrato
(Wolters Kluwer España, 2017) Llorens Espada, Julen; Derecho; Zuzenbidea; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE
Open Access
Assigning numerical scores to linguistic expressions
(MDPI, 2017) Campión Arrastia, María Jesús; Falcó Díaz de Cerio, Edurne; García Lapresta, José; Induráin Eraso, Esteban; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
In this paper, we study different methods of scoring linguistic expressions defined on a finite set, in the search for a linear order that ranks all those possible expressions. Among them, particular attention is paid to the canonical extension, and its representability through distances in a graph plus some suitable penalization of imprecision. The relationship between this setting and the classical problems of numerical representability of orderings, as well as extension of orderings from a set to a superset is also explored. Finally, aggregation procedures of qualitative rankings and scorings are also analyzed.
Open Access
Does ethnic segregation matter for spatial inequality?
(Oxford University Press, 2017) Ezcurra Orayen, Roberto; Rodríguez Pose, Andrés; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
The article examines the link between ethnic segregation and spatial inequality in 71 countries with different levels of economic development. The results reveal that ethnic segregation is associated with significantly higher levels of spatial inequality. This finding is not affected by the inclusion of various covariates that may influence both spatial inequality and the geographical distribution of ethnic groups, and is confirmed by a number of robustness tests. The results also suggest that political decentralisation and government quality could act as transmission channels linking ethnic segregation and spatial inequality.
Open Access
Spanish wines in the US market: what attributes do US consumers look for in Spanish wines?
(Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, 2017) Areta, Álvaro; Bardají de Azcárate, Isabel; Iraizoz Apezteguia, Belén; Ekonomia; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Economía
This paper analysed the impact of different attributes in Spanish quality wines on United States (US) demand behaviour. A hedonic price model was estimated in order to assess the values that US consumers give Spanish wines. The main results showed that the most influential factor on sale price was aging, which had a positive impact. US consumers valued the quality ratings provided by experts, especially in the upper price categories. The year of vintage and size of the winery were considered medium importance factors in decision-making, with the latest vintages and the smallest wineries receiving the highest ratings. Geographical origin (appellation) helped to explain consumer preferences. Although colour was the least important attribute in consumers’ purchase decisions, red wines were the most highly rated in this attribute.
Open Access
Managerial family ties and employee risk bearing in family firms: evidence from Spanish car dealers
(Wiley, 2018) Gómez Mejía, Luis R.; Larraza Kintana, Martín; Moyano Fuentes, José; Firfiray, Shainaz; Enpresen Kudeaketa; Institute for Advanced Research in Business and Economics - INARBE; Gestión de Empresas
This article discusses that family firms in which the top management team (TMT) is dominated bynonfamily managers are more likely to shift risk to employees through incentive pay schemesthan family firms with TMTs dominated by family members. We also argue that this tendencyis aggravated in firms of bigger size, as this condition makes nonfamily managers more vulnerable. We further note that differences between family- and non-family-dominated TMTs maylessen when the sales trend is negative. The analyses conducted on a sample of 219 family-controlled car dealerships in Spain confirm our expectations.