Open Access
The uniform asymptotic method "saddle point near an end point" revisited
(Elsevier, 2024) López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertistate Publikoa
We continue the program initiated in [López & all, 2009–2011] to simplify asymptotic methods for integrals: in this paper we revise the uniform method ‘‘saddle point near an end point’’. We obtain a more systematic version of this uniform asymptotic method where the computation of the coefficients of the asymptotic expansion is remarkably simpler than in the classical method. On the other hand, as in the standard method, the asymptotic sequence is given in terms of parabolic cylinder functions. New asymptotic expansions of the confluent hypergeometric functions 𝑀(𝑐, 𝑥∕𝛼 + 𝑐 + 1, 𝑥) and 𝑈(𝑐, 𝛼𝑥 + 𝑐 + 1, 𝑥) for large 𝑥, 𝑐 fixed, uniformly valid for 𝛼 ∈ (0, ∞), are given as an illustration.
Open Access
The asymptotic expansion of the swallowtail integral in the highly oscillatory region
(Elsevier, 2018) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The mathematical models of many short wavelength phenomena, specially wave propagation and optical diffraction, contain, as a basic ingredient, oscillatory integrals with several nearly coincident stationary phase or saddle points. The uniform approximation of those integrals can be expressed in terms of certain canonical integrals and their derivatives [2,16]. The importance of these canonical diffraction integrals is stressed in [14] by means of the following sentence: The role played by these canonical diffraction integrals in the analysis of caustic wave fields is analogous to that played by complex exponentials in plane wave theory. Apart from their mathematical importance in the uniform asymptotic approximation of oscillatory integrals [12], the canonical diffraction integrals have physical applications in the description of surface gravity waves [11], [17], bifurcation sets, optics, quantum mechanics, chemical physics [4] and acoustics (see [1], Section 36.14 and references there in). To our knowledge, the first application of this family of integrals traces back to the description of the disturbances on a water surface produced, for example, by a traveling ship. These disturbances form a familiar pattern of bow and stern waves which was first explained mathematically by Lord Kelvin [10] using these integrals.
Open Access
Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces
(Optical Society of America, 2016) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Navarro, Rafael; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
A rigorous and powerful theoretical framework is proposed to obtain systems of orthogonal functions (or shape modes) to represent optical surfaces. The method is general so it can be applied to different initial shapes and different polynomials. Here we present results for surfaces with circular apertures when the first basis function (mode) is a conicoid. The system for aspheres with rotational symmetry is obtained applying an appropriate change of variables to Legendre polynomials, whereas the system for general freeform case is obtained applying a similar procedure to spherical harmonics. Numerical comparisons with standard systems, such as Forbes and Zernike polynomials, are performed and discussed.
Open Access
Series representations of the Volterra function and the Fransén–Robinson constant
(Elsevier, 2021) López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
The Volterra function μ(t,β,α) was introduced by Vito Volterra in 1916 as the solution to certain integral equations with a logarithmic kernel. Despite the large number of applications of the Volterra function, the only known analytic representations of this function are given in terms of integrals. In this paper we derive several convergent expansion of μ(t,β,α) in terms of incomplete gamma functions. These expansions may be used to implement numerical evaluation techniques for this function. As a particular application, we derive a numerical series representation of the Fransén–Robinson constant F := µ(1, 1, 0) = R ∞ 0 1 Γ(x) dx. Some numerical examples illustrate the accuracy of the approximations
Open Access
Asymptotic approximation of a highly oscillatory integral with application to the canonical catastrophe integrals
(Wiley, 2023) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We consider the highly oscillatory integral 𝐹(𝑤) ∶= ∫ ∞ −∞ 𝑒𝑖𝑤(𝑡𝐾+2+𝑒𝑖𝜃𝑡𝑝) 𝑔(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 for large positive values of 𝑤, −𝜋 < 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋, 𝐾 and 𝑝 positive integers with 1 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 𝐾, and 𝑔(𝑡) an entire function. The standard saddle point method is complicated and we use here a simplified version of this method introduced by López et al. We derive an asymptotic approximation of this integral when 𝑤 → +∞ for general values of 𝐾 and 𝑝 in terms of elementary functions, and determine the Stokes lines. For 𝑝 ≠ 1, the asymptotic behavior of this integral may be classified in four different regions according to the even/odd character of the couple of parameters 𝐾 and 𝑝; the special case 𝑝=1 requires a separate analysis. As an important application, we consider the family of canonical catastrophe integrals Ψ𝐾(𝑥1, 𝑥2,…,𝑥𝐾) for large values of one of its variables, say 𝑥𝑝, and bounded values of the remaining ones. This family of integrals may be written in the form 𝐹(𝑤) for appropriate values of the parameters 𝑤, 𝜃 and the function 𝑔(𝑡). Then, we derive an asymptotic approximation of the family of canonical catastrophe integrals for large |𝑥𝑝|. The approximations are accompanied by several numerical experiments. The asymptotic formulas presented here fill up a gap in the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions by Olver et al.
Open Access
Uniform convergent expansions of the error function in terms of elementary functions
(Springer, 2023) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa
We derive a new analytic representation of the error function erfz in the form of a convergent series whose terms are exponential and rational functions. The expansion holds uniformly in z in the double sector | arg (±z) | <π/4. The expansion is accompanied by realistic error bounds.
Open Access
Uniform approximations of the first symmetric elliptic integral in terms of elementary functions
(Springer, 2022) Bujanda Cirauqui, Blanca; López García, José Luis; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua
We consider the standard symmetric elliptic integral RF(x, y, z) for complex x, y, z. We derive convergent expansions of RF(x, y, z) in terms of elementary functions that hold uniformly for one of the three variables x, y or z in closed subsets (possibly unbounded) of C\ (−∞, 0]. The expansions are accompanied by error bounds. The accuracy of the expansions and their uniform features are illustrated by means of some numerical examples.
Open Access
On a modifcation of Olver's method: a special case
(Springer US, 2016) Ferreira González, Chelo; López García, José Luis; Pérez Sinusía, Ester; Ingeniería Matemática e Informática; Matematika eta Informatika Ingeniaritza
We consider the asymptotic method designed by Olver (Asymptotics and special functions. Academic Press, New York, 1974) for linear differential equations of the second order containing a large (asymptotic) parameter : xm y −2 y = g(x)y, with m ∈ Z and g continuous. Olver studies in detail the cases m = 2, especially the cases m = 0, ±1, giving the Poincaré-type asymptotic expansions of two independent solutions of the equation. The case m = 2 is different, as the behavior of the solutions for large is not of exponential type, but of power type. In this case, Olver’s theory does not give many details. We consider here the special case m = 2. We propose two different techniques to handle the problem: (1) a modification of Olver’s method that replaces the role of the exponential approximations by power approximations, and (2) the transformation of the differential problem into a fixed point problem from which we construct an asymptotic sequence of functions that converges to the unique solution of the problem. Moreover, we show that this second technique may also be applied to nonlinear differential equations with a large parameter.
Open Access
New analytic representations of the hypergeometric functions p+1Fp
(Springer, 2021) López García, José Luis; Palacios Herrero, Pablo; Pagola Martínez, Pedro Jesús; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
The power series expansions of the hypergeometric functions p+1Fp (a,b1,…,bp;c1,…,cp;z) converge either inside the unit disk |z|<1 or outside this disk |z|>1. Nørlund’s expansion in powers of z/(z−1) converges in the half-plane R(z)<1/2. For arbitrary z0∈C, Bühring’s expansion in inverse powers of z−z0 converges outside the disk |z−z0|= max{|z0|,|z0−1|}. None of them converge on the whole indented closed unit disk |z|≤1,z≠1. In this paper, we derive new expansions in terms of rational functions of z that converge in different regions, bounded or unbounded, of the complex plane that contain the indented closed unit disk. We give either explicit formulas for the coefficients of the expansions or recurrence relations. The key point of the analysis is the use of multi-point Taylor expansions in appropriate integral representations of p+1Fp(a,b1,…,bp;c1,…,cp;z). We show the accuracy of the approximations by means of several numerical experiments.
Open Access
On a particular class of Meijer's G functions appearing in fractional calculus
(Academic Publications, 2018) Karp, D. B.; López García, José Luis; Estatistika, Informatika eta Matematika; Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics - INAMAT2; Estadística, Informática y Matemáticas
In this paper we investigate the Meijer G-function G p+1,p+1 p,1 which, for certain parameter values, represents the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of the Meijer-Nørlund function G p,p. p,0 The properties of this function play an important role in extending the multiple Erdélyi-Kober fractional integral operator to arbitrary values of the parameters which is investigated in a separate work, in Fract. Calc. Appl. Anal., Vol. 21, No 5 (2018). Our results for G p+1,p+1 p,1 include: a regularization formula for overlapping poles, a connection formula with the Meijer-Nørlund function, asymptotic formulas around the origin and unity, formulas for the moments, a hypergeometric transform and a sign stabilization theorem for growing parameters.