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Publication Open Access Adipose tissue modification through feeding strategies and their implication on adipogenesis and adipose tissue metabolism in ruminants(MDPI, 2020) Urrutia Vera, Olaia; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Alfonso Ruiz, Leopoldo; Soret Lafraya, Beatriz; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Arana Navarro, Ana; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako Unibertsitate PublikoaDietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.Publication Open Access Alginate edible coating and cold storage for improving the physicochemical quality of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana l.)(Herald Scholarsly Open Access, 2015) Pedro Carvalho, Catarina; Villaño Valencia, Débora; Moreno, Diego A.; Serrano, María; Valero, Daniel; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODThe Cape gooseberry is an exotic tropical fruit and, nowadays, is the second most exported fruit from Colombia. Therefore, the high demand for quality required research for a better understanding of fruit behavior. Furthermore, postharvest quality properties play an important role in meeting consumer demands. Cold storage and edible coatings are reported as efficient technologies for extending shelf life and preserve the quality of fruits in postharvest. As there are no reports of studies about the effect of these technologies on shelf life, quality and antioxidant activity in Cape gooseberry, this work aim to evaluate the use of alginate 1% during 21 days of storage at 2ºC as an alternative for postharvest handling of this fruit. Cape gooseberry exhibits a high respiration rate and ethylene production at 20ºC. Alginate coat decreased significantly the metabolism activity of fruit during the cold storage without change significantly the fruit organoleptic quality and showing total phenolic, carotenoid contents and antioxidant activity. Alginate is an efficient edible coat for preserve the quality and bioactivity of Cape gooseberry during 21 days of storage at 2ºC.Publication Open Access Los alimentos: clasificación y valor nutricional (1)(Eunate, 2024) Salmerón Egea, Jesús; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODEn temas anteriores ya se presentaron algunas definiciones del concepto de alimento o producto alimenticio. Aquí se expondrán sus características químicas desde una perspectiva nutricional. Por razones evidentes no se pueden pormenorizar todos y cada uno de ellos; por el contrario, se hace necesario agruparlos con el fin de facilitar su mejor conocimiento y poder proponer unas pautas dietéticas acordes a cada situación fisiológica del ser humano.Publication Open Access Los alimentos: clasificación y valor nutricional (2)(Eunate, 2024) Salmerón Egea, Jesús; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODEn el presente tema se revisarán los alimentos de origen vegetal, ricos en polisacáridos y, por ello, con una función predominantemente energética. Básicamente se tienen tres grupos alimentarios: el de las legumbres y frutos secos, el de los cereales y sus derivados y el de las verduras y frutas frescas. Aunque la cultura occidental de las no los aprecia tanto, los alimentos de origen vegetal son de gran importancia en una dieta equilibrada, ya que son ricos en carbohidratos bien como fuente de energía o bien por su aporte de otros componentes como la fibra dietética. Por último, también se han incluido los hongos que se incluyen en la dieta humana debido al interés creciente de su composición nutricional.Publication Open Access Anthocyanin metabolites in human urine after the intake of new functional beverages(MDPI, 2020) Agulló, Vicente; Villaño Valencia, Débora; García-Viguera, Cristina; Domínguez-Perles, Raúl; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODSugar intake abuse is directly related with the increase of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance. Along this line, the development of new beverages using alternative sweeteners could help with combatting the pathophysiological disorders associated to the consumption of sugar. To provide evidence on this issue, in the present work, the bioavailability of anthocyanins was evaluated after the acute ingestion of a new maqui-citrus-based functional beverage rich in polyphenols, and supplemented with a range of sweeteners including sucrose (natural high caloric), stevia (natural non-caloric), and sucralose (artificial non-caloric), as an approach that would allow reducing the intake of sugars while providing bioactive phenolic compounds (anthocyanins). This approach allowed the evaluation of the maximum absorption and the diversity of metabolites excreted through urine. The beverages created were ingested by volunteers (n = 20) and the resulting anthocyanin metabolites in their urine were analyzed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. A total of 29 degradation metabolites were detected: Caffeic acid, catechol, 3,4-dihidroxifenilacetic acid, hippuric acid, trans-ferulic acid, 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, trans-isoferulic acid, and vanillic acid derivatives, where peak concentrations were attained at 3.5 h after beverage intake. Sucralose was the sweetener that provided a higher bioavailability for most compounds, followed by stevia. Sucrose did not provide a remarkably higher bioavailability of any compounds in comparison with sucralose or stevia. The results propose two sweetener alternatives (sucralose and stevia) to sucrose, an overused high calorie sweetener that promotes some metabolic diseases.Publication Open Access Antibrowning compounds for minimally processed potatoes: a review(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Bobo García, Gloria; Arroqui Vidaurreta, Cristina; Merino Antón, Gorka; Virseda Chamorro, Paloma; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODThis review covers some recent advances in browning prevention in minimally processed potatoes (MPP). Polyphenol oxidase (EC 1.10.3.1, PPO) is one of the main enzymes involved in browning of potatoes. Antibrowning agents are used in combination with other compounds and techniques to reduce browning such as physical treatments with modified atmospheres and cold temperatures in processing and storage. Due to increasing concerns involving toxicity from various traditional food preservatives, this review focuses on studies involving substances that have different mechanisms to control browning. These substances include reducing agents, acidulants, chelating agents, enzyme inhibitors, complexing agents or others, such as Maillard reaction products and natural extracts.Publication Open Access Antioxidant activity, organic acids and bioactive compounds of Andean blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth)(ISHS, 2019-11-25) Horvitz Szoichet, Sandra Susana; Arocena Elorza, José Ignacio; Chanaguano, Diana; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta ElikaduraAndean blackberries are considered an important source of vitamins, minerals and different phytochemicals due to their high content in polyphenols, including anthocyanins, ellagitannins and phenolic acids, which present beneficial effects in human health and prevent chronic diseases. Among other factors, harvest maturity and postharvest conditions may affect the concentration of phenolics and the antioxidant activity of the berries. In this study, the effects of harvest maturity and storage temperature on antioxidant activity, organic acids and, polyphenols and anthocyanins concentration of Andean blackberries were evaluated. Blackberries were harvested at maturity stages 3 (light red) and 5 (dark purple), packed in PET clamshells (200±10 g) and stored under room temperature (18±2°C) and cold storage (8±1°C). Organic acids (citric, malic, ascorbic) and total anthocyanins were determined by HPLC, total phenolic content with the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The analyses were performed on day 1 and every 3 d during storage. At harvest, similar total organic acids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity were observed in the fruit from both maturity stages while the anthocyanins were significantly higher in the more mature fruit. What's more, some differences in the individual acids were observed. During storage and regardless of temperature, total organic acids, total anthocyanins and polyphenols content, and antioxidant activity increased in the fruit harvested at maturity stage 3. On the other hand, in the blackberries harvested at maturity stage 5, a decrease in the organic acids was observed while the anthocyanins, the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity remained unchanged. According to the Ecuadorian Quality Standard, blackberries can be harvested as soon as they reach the stage maturity 3. However, at this stage the fruit presented a 5-fold lower anthocyanin content and could result unacceptable for consumers due to undeveloped full color.Publication Open Access Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbial-modulating activities of nutraceuticals and functional foods(Hindawi, 2017) Peluso, Ilaria; Magrone, Thea; Villaño Valencia, Débora; Chen, Oliver; Palmery, Maura; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODThis special issue highlights the importance of using different methodological approaches in order to clarify the mechanisms of the potential health effects of nutraceuticals.Publication Open Access Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbial-modulating activities of nutraceuticals and functional foods 2018(Hindawi, 2018) Peluso, Ilaria; Villaño Valencia, Débora; Chen, Oliver; Palmery, Maura; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODWe hope that this special issue adds knowledge of preclinical data of the potential health effects of nutraceuticals. However, these results only provide supports for future studies, particularly human trials, but not give indications for supplementation.Publication Open Access Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and microbial-modulating activities of nutraceuticals and functional foods 2019(Hindawi, 2020) Peluso, Ilaria; Villaño Valencia, Débora; Chen, Oliver; Palmery, Maura; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODThis issue includes original and review articles covering many aspects of the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities of nutraceuticals, functional foods, and bioactive compounds from various origins.Publication Open Access Aspectos nutricionales de las vitaminas(Eunate, 2024) Eseberri Barace, Itziar; Ibáñez Moya, Francisco C.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODLo que actualmente se conoce en torno a las enfermedades carenciales asociadas a las vitaminas es fruto de un largo, tortuoso y lento avance de la ciencia desde campos tan diversos como la química, la fisiología y la medicina. En las siguientes líneas se expone un breve resumen histórico que permite comprender cómo se adquirieron los conocimientos en torno a algunas de las vitaminas.Publication Open Access Aspectos nutricionales de los carbohidratos(Eunate, 2024) Macarulla Arenaza, María Teresa; Murillo Arbizu, María Teresa; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODLos carbohidratos de los alimentos son macronutrientes que se encuentran en frutas, granos, verduras y productos lácteos. Estos compuestos orgánicos están presentes en los alimentos en forma de azúcares, almidones y fibras dietéticas y están compuestos de carbono, hidrógeno y oxígeno Cm(H2O)n. Terminológicamente, aunque se ha propuesto sustituir carbohidrato por sacárido o glúcido, dicho término ya está suficientemente aceptado en la literatura científica. Estas macromoléculas de amplio rango se pueden clasificar de acuerdo con su estructura química en tres grupos principales: mono- y disacáridos de bajo peso molecular (una o dos moléculas), oligosacáridos de peso molecular intermedio (de 3 a 9 moléculas de monosacáridos) y polisacáridos o glucanos de alto peso molecular (10 o más moléculas de monosacáridos). Estos últimos se subdividen, a su vez, en almidones (amilosa, amilopectina y almidón modificado) y en polisacáridos no amiláceos (celulosa, hemicelulosa y pectinas entre otros). Los carbohidratos también se pueden clasificar, dependiendo de la digestibilidad en el tracto gastrointestinal, en carbohidratos digeribles (mal llamados en la literatura carbohidratos disponibles) y no digeribles; éstos últimos forman parte de lo que se denomina fibra dietética. Desde el punto de vista nutricional, los glúcidos que se consideran más importantes son la glucosa, la fructosa, la galactosa y sus derivados. La mayoría de los monosacáridos naturales presentan configuración D4. Los enlaces que unen los azúcares se llaman enlaces glicosídicos donde se establece un enlace entre un grupo OH de un azúcar y el carbono anomérico de otro dando lugar a un enlace de tipo acetal. Los carbohidratos digeribles están formados por monosacáridos unidos fundamentalmente mediante enlace de tipo α(1→4) y α(1→6), mientras que los polisacáridos no digeribles están formados principalmente por enlaces del tipo β(1→6). Además, el organismo humano, sin considerar la microbiota digestiva, no posee el sistema enzimático capaz de hidrolizar las moléculas que forman parte de la fibra dietética.Publication Open Access Aspectos nutricionales de los compuestos nitrogenados(Eunate, 2024) Macarulla Arenaza, María Teresa; Murillo Arbizu, María Teresa; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODEl nitrógeno (N) es esencial para la construcción de la vida ya que se utiliza para producir aminoácidos que a su vez producen proteínas, y es fundamental en la síntesis de ácidos nucleicos que forman el ADN y en ARN. El ser humano no puede utilizar el nitrógeno inspirado a través de la respiración (78% aire es nitrógeno) pero puede absorberlo a través de la dieta mediante el consumo de plantas o animales que han consumido vegetación rica en nitrógeno. Los compuestos nitrogenados de mayor interés nutricional básicamente están constituidos por aminoácidos, las llamadas bases nitrogenadas (púricas y pirimídicas) y un conjunto de moléculas que contienen grupos funcionales ácido o amino.Publication Open Access Aspectos nutricionales de los elementos minerales y del agua(Eunate, 2024) Eseberri Barace, Itziar; Ibáñez Moya, Francisco C.; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODEn los seres vivos, además de los elementos químicos que constituyen la materia orgánica (carbono, oxígeno, hidrógeno y nitrógeno), existen otros que forman parte de la composición de aquellos o de la materia inorgánica, aunque en pequeñas cantidades. A tales elementos se les denomina elementos minerales, y sólo se pueden obtener a través de la dieta. Los elementos minerales se clasifican atendiendo a las cantidades en las que son necesarias diariamente para los humanos y en las cantidades en las que aparecen en el cuerpo. La figura 1 recoge una propuesta para su clasificación atendiendo a sus necesidades, dividiéndolos en macrominerales (más de 100 mg), microminerales u oligoelementos (menos de 100 mg), elementos traza (generalmente entre 1µg y 1 mg) y elementos ultratraza (cuyas cantidades exactas y funciones suelen ser desconocidas). Hay que decir que esta clasificación ni refleja la importancia nutricional de los elementos, ya que la deficiencia de un elemento que se requiere en ínfimas cantidades puede ser tanto o más perjudicial que la causada por otro elemento que se requiere en grandes cantidades, ni está aceptada por toda la comunidad científica, pues hoy en día todavía se dan diferentes clasificaciones en función de distintos autores.Publication Open Access Aspectos nutricionales de los lípidos(Eunate, 2024) Macarulla Arenaza, María Teresa; Murillo Arbizu, María Teresa; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODLos lípidos son un grupo heterogéneo de moléculas que comparten las propiedades comunes de ser predominantemente hidrofóbicos, solubles en solventes orgánicos relativamente apolares (como cloroformo e hidrocarburos lineales), e insolubles en agua. Los lípidos varían en estructura desde simples cadenas cortas de hidrocarburo hasta moléculas más complejas, incluidos triacilgliceroles, fosfolípidos y esteroles y sus ésteres. Los lípidos dentro de cada clase pueden diferir en el número de átomos de carbono y dobles enlaces; la ramificación de la cadena hidrocarbonada; la posición y la orientación de los dobles enlaces; la adición de grupos polares como colina, inositol, etanolamina y glicosilación. Determinados lípidos participan en la formación de las membranas biológicas, constituyendo la envoltura de las células, y de los elementos subcelulares. Tales lípidos se presentan, por tanto, en casi todos los alimentos si bien en pequeñas cantidades, del orden del 2%. Los ácidos grasos son componentes comunes de los lípidos complejos y difieren según la longitud de la cadena y la presencia, número y posición de los dobles enlaces en la cadena hidrocarbonada. Generalmente, un ácido graso consta de una cadena lineal de un número par de átomos de carbono, con átomos de hidrógeno a lo largo de la cadena y en un extremo de la cadena y un grupo carboxilo (—COOH) en el otro extremo. Es ese grupo carboxilo el que lo convierte en un ácido (ácido carboxílico). Los ácidos grasos no se encuentran en estado libre en la naturaleza; comúnmente existen en combinación con glicerol (un alcohol) en forma de triacilglicéridos. La variación estructural entre lípidos complejos y entre ácidos grasos da lugar a diferencias funcionales que dan como resultado diferentes impactos sobre el metabolismo y sobre las respuestas de células y tejidos. Los ácidos grasos y los lípidos complejos exhiben una variedad de variaciones estructurales que influyen en su metabolismo y sus efectos funcionales.Publication Open Access Assessing outcomes of genetic selection panels to predict marbling in crossbred beef cattle(Oxford University Press, 2020) Weber, Tanya M.; Buseman, Brianna J.; Nasados, James A.; Lancaster, Jessica M.; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y AlimentaciónThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of genetic panel marbling indexes [Igenity (IT) and PredicGEN (PG)] to predict marbling and tenderness of crossbred cattle. Steers (n = 23) were harvested at the University of Idaho Meat Science Laboratory, and blood samples were submitted to Neogen and Zoetis for genetic panel analysis. Forty-eight hours posthar-vest, one boneless strip loin was collected from each carcass, and six 2.54-cm thick steaks were cut from each strip loin. Steaks were aged for 14 and 21 d and assigned to consumer sensory evaluation or Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) analysis. Results were analyzed using the Mixed Model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC). Carcasses were grouped by marbling index score into Low IT (IT indexes 3-6; n = 16; marbling score (MS) = 410), High IT (IT indexes 7-10; n = 7; MS = 496), Low PG (PG index <50; n = 9; MS = 398), or High PG (PG index >= 50; n = 14; MS = 458). Mean MS was observed to be greater in High IT steaks than Low IT (P < 0.01) and greater in High PG steaks than Low PG (P = 0.01). There was a trend observed in WBSF between IT marbling groups (P = 0.06); however, no difference in WBSF was observed between PG marbling groups (P = 0.83). Consumers did not report differences between IT marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.99) or tenderness (P = 0.24). Additionally, consumers could not detect differences between PG marbling groups in terms of acceptability (P = 0.75) or tenderness (P = 0.40). Consumers consistently preferred Choice steaks over Select steaks in terms of acceptability (P = 0.02) and tenderness (P = 0.02). In conclusion, though consumers were not able to tell the difference between steaks from each of the genetic panels, using genetic panels to predict marbling, in conjunction with proper nutrition and handling practices, could be a beneficial tool to producers making decisions about retaining ownership at the feedlot.Publication Open Access Biocompounds content prediction in Ecuadorian fruits using a mathematical model(MDPI, 2019) Llerena Silva, Wilma Maribel; Samaniego, Iván Rodrigo; Angós Iturgaiz, Ignacio; Brito, Beatriz; Ortiz, Bladimir; Carrillo, Wilman; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOODAnthocyanins, carotenoids and polyphenols are biomolecules that give the characteristic color to fruits. Carotenoids relate to yellow, orange and red colors whereas anthocyanins and polyphenols mainly relate to purple and red colors. Presently, standard determination of antioxidants is carried out using relatively complex methods and techniques. The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical prediction model to relate the internal color parameters of the Amazonic fruits araza (Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh), Andean fruit blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth), Andean blueberry (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), goldenberry (Physalis peruviana L.), naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.), and tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) to their respective anthocyanins, carotenoids and polyphenols contents. The mathematical model was effective in predicting the total anthocyanins content (TAC), the total carotenoids content (TCC) and finally the total phenolic content (TPC) of fruits assayed. Andean blueberry presented a TPC with an experimental value of 7254.62 (mg GAE/100 g sample) with respect to a TPC prediction value of 7315.73 (mg GAE/100 g sample). Andean blackberry presented a TAC with an experimental value of 1416.69 (mg chloride cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g) with respect to a prediction TAC value of 1413 (mg chloride cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g).Publication Open Access Carbon and water footprints of the revalorisation of glucosinolates from broccoli by-products: case study from Spain(Elsevier, 2025-05-01) González Peñalver, José Miguel; Martínez Aldaya, Maite; Muez, Ane Maite; Martín-Guindal, Andrea; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Ciencias; Zientziak; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako GobernuaAssessing the costs, benefits, and externalities of circular economy measures from a life cycle perspective is increasingly important for developing sustainable agro-food strategies. This study evaluates the carbon and water implications of revalorising glucosinolates from broccoli by-products through two distinct life-cycle scenarios in a case study conducted in Navarra, Spain. In the first scenario, glucosinolates are obtained from conventional broccoli production, where they are naturally present in the edible inflorescences. The second scenario introduces an innovative step: extracting glucosinolates from otherwise discarded broccoli by-products, such as stalks and inflorescence detachments. Carbon and water footprints were analysed for both scenarios based on the production of 1000 grams of glucosinolates. The results reveal that while the second scenario enhances resource efficiency by utilizing agricultural waste, the environmental costs of the extraction process outweigh the benefits, leading to a 37.6 % increase in greenhouse gas emissions and a 4.6 % rise in water usage compared to the first scenario. To address this, an improvement scenario is proposed, featuring a more efficient use of solvents during extraction, which significantly reduces both emissions and water use. This study underscores that circular economy strategies in agro-food systems do not always translate into environmental benefits accross all resources. A detailed analysis of various carbon and water indicators has provided valuable insights to enhance the environmental performance of such strategies, reinforcing the importance of life-cycle assessments in shaping more effective agro-food policies.Publication Open Access Classification of beef longissimus thoracis muscle tenderness using hyperspectral imaging and chemometrics(MDPI, 2022) León Ecay, Sara; López Maestresalas, Ainara; Murillo Arbizu, María Teresa; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Mendizábal Aizpuru, José Antonio; Arazuri Garín, Silvia; Jarén Ceballos, Carmen; Bass, Phillip D.; Colle, Michael J.; García, David; Romano Moreno, Miguel; Insausti Barrenetxea, Kizkitza; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Ingeniaritza; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación; Ingeniería; Gobierno de Navarra / Nafarroako Gobernua Universidad Pública de Navarra / Nafarroako UnibertsitateNowadays, the meat industry requires non-destructive, sustainable, and rapid methods that can provide objective and accurate quality assessment with little human intervention. Therefore, the present research aimed to create a model that can classify beef samples from longissimus thoracis muscle according to their tenderness degree based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI). In order to obtain different textures, two main strategies were used: (a) aging type (wet and dry aging with or without starters) and (b) aging times (0, 7, 13, 21, and 27 days). Categorization into two groups was carried out for further chemometric analysis, encompassing group 1 (ngroup1 = 30) with samples with WBSF < 53 N whereas group 2 (ngroup2 = 28) comprised samples with WBSF values 53 N. Then, classification models were created by applying the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) method. The best results were achieved by combining the following pre-processing algorithms: 1st derivative + mean center, reaching 70.83% of correctly classified (CC) samples and 67.14% for cross validation (CV) and prediction, respectively. In general, it can be concluded that HSI technology combined with chemometrics has the potential to differentiate and classify meat samples according to their textural characteristics.Publication Open Access Color stability and pH-indicator ability of curcumin, anthocyanin and betanin containing colorants under different storage conditions for intelligent packaging development(Elsevier, 2021) Etxabide Etxeberria, Alaitz; Kilmartin, Paul A.; Maté Caballero, Juan Ignacio; Agronomia, Bioteknologia eta Elikadura; Institute on Innovation and Sustainable Development in Food Chain - ISFOOD; Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación8.8 MT of food wastes are annually generated in the EU, in part due to the lack of real-time food freshness information provided by current food data labels. To address this issue, intelligent packaging strategies are being developed. In this study, in search of new natural and food grade pH-indicators, color stability and variability of curcumin (E−100), betanin (E−162), and anthocyanin (E−163) containing food colorants were studied in solution under different food storage conditions and pHs by light absorbance, color, pH and turbidity measurements. E−100 provided color variations (yellow/brown-yellow) at pH > 9 and was particularly photosensitive since a color loss of 67% was observed after 1 day of storage. E−162 and E−163 colorants, however, were thermosensitive and showed significant lower loss of color (30%) after 28 days of storage. E−163, especially, presented a broader color response (red-purple-blue-green) over a wider pH range. Furthermore, color variations at different pHs were dependent upon colorant type and concentration.